燕麦中β-葡聚糖的含量及相对分子质量测定方法的研究进展

阐述了燕麦中β-葡聚糖的含量及相对分子质量测定方法的国内外研究动态和研究成果,其中包括对β-葡聚糖含量的测定方法(酶测定法、荧光法、高效液相色谱法、刚果红分光光度比色法)的研究,以及对β-葡聚糖相对分子质量测定方法(高效凝胶色谱法、凝胶色谱法、高效液相色谱法)的研究。     

浅论建设项目基准收益率的确定——CAPM的角度

财务基准收益率是建设项目财务评价指标计算中的重要判据参数。对于该参数的确定目前流行使用资本资产定价模型法（CAPM）。本文从资本资产定价模型法入手分析,介绍的相关概念和计算方法。并从理论和实证支持两个方面给与说明,指出该方法在目前市场中不具备使用的条件。     

Effects of wood char and activated carbon on the hydrolysis of cellobiose by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger

Biochar amendments to soils have been suggested as a strategy to sequester carbon and therefore mitigate global climate change. The enrichment of soils with charred materials also increases their fertility. This fertilising effect of biochar may be caused by various mechanisms; an acceleration of nutrient cycling has been suggested as one such mechanism. The rate-limiting step in nutrient cycling is thought to be the extracellular enzymatic attack on biological macromolecules. In this study, therefore, the effects of chestnut wood char (specific surface area 2.0 m² g⁻¹) and of activated carbon (specific surface area approximately 900 m² g⁻¹) on an extracellular enzymatic reaction involved in the degradation of cellulose (i.e., hydrolysis of cellobiose by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger) were investigated. Cellobiose was not adsorbed by chestnut wood char, whereas activated carbon absorbed more than 97% of it. Both charred materials adsorbed more than 99% of β-glucosidase. For chestnut wood char, adsorption of the enzyme caused a decrease of approximately 30% in the reaction rate, whereas for activated carbon, the nearly complete absorption of both substrate and enzyme entirely inhibited the reaction. These results show that β-glucosidase from A. niger retains most of its activity when adsorbed to chestnut wood char and that the reaction it catalyses in nature is only slightly affected by this charred material. On the other hand, a material characterised by a high specific surface area and high porosity, such as activated carbon, can make even a highly soluble substrate unavailable for soil enzymes and therefore completely inhibit the reaction. Thus, charred materials may affect nutrient cycling mainly by regulating the availability of substrates: the degradation of highly soluble substrates may be accelerated by materials with low specific surface area, which maintain an active and protected enzyme pool, whereas materials with high specific surface and high porosity may slow down the degradation by making substrates unavailable.     

甘蔗不同品种(种)个体发育过程中叶片淀粉酶活性的变化

甘蔗品种(种)叶片α-淀粉酶活性变化的基因型效应较大,12个供试材料间的差异明显,种间的差异大于品种间的差异,在个体发育过程中变化幅度较小。β-淀粉酶的活性变化与生长发育的关系较为密切,其变化呈典型的单峰曲线,活性的最高峰出现在甘蔗的旺长时期。几乎所有供试材料酶活性变化趋势是一致的,但变化幅度有差异。分蘖末期至伸长初期,同一材料的β-淀粉酶活性通常高于α-淀粉酶。     

患红体病凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺NAGase基本性质的改变研究

[目的]为虾养殖过程中红体病的诊断和控制提供重要的理论依据。[方法]分别测定健康和患红体病的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vanname）的肝胰腺N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（EC3.2.1.52,NAGase）的比活力及其性质差异。[结果]2种来源NAGase的比活力、基本酶学性质等均存在差异。对虾患红体病后,肝胰腺NAGase的比活力和最适温度下降,但催化反应动力学常数Km、Vm值和活化能上升。[结论]该研究表明NAGase与对虾患病可能存在着密切关系。     

产地及品种对西藏青稞营养品质的影响

为了明确产地和品种对西藏青稞营养品质的影响,对采自西藏6个地(市)、26个县的7个普通青稞品种和3个有色青稞品种(257份样品)的5个品质指标和8种矿质元素含量进行了分析。结果表明,(1)产地生态条件是影响青稞品质和矿质元素含量的首要因素,产地对普通青稞的10个被测指标有显著影响;品种对普通青稞的5种被测指标有显著影响;产地和品种的交互作用显著影响5个被测矿质元素含量;产地显著影响有色青稞的黄酮、粗蛋白和磷含量。(2)青稞不同品质指标和矿质元素含量变异程度不同,变异系数最高为52.3%。供试青稞粗淀粉含量为46.64%~53.76%,粗蛋白含量为6.51%~14.21%,粗纤维含量为1.66%~3.4%,β-葡聚糖含量为3.63%~5.13%,黄酮含量为0.18%~0.40%;钾含量为4 224.8~7 646.5mg·kg~(-1),磷含量为2 243.1~6 288.7mg·kg~(-1),镁含量为731.6~1 572.0mg·kg~(-1),钙含量为246.4~789.0mg·kg~(-1),铁含量为27.59~173.99mg·kg~(-1),锌含量为17.56~85.22mg·kg~(-1),锰含量为10.42~22.23mg·kg~(-1),铜含量为2.12~11.84mg·kg~(-1)。(3)有色青稞的粗淀粉和黄酮含量显著高于普通青稞,而粗蛋白和粗纤维含量显著低于普通青稞,β-葡聚糖含量二者间无显著差异。     

夹竹桃花挥发油的GC-MS分析及β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花的增香和豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用

目的:建立夹竹桃花挥发油GC-MS的色谱分离鉴定方法,分析夹竹桃花挥发油的化学成分和对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用。方法:采用挥发油提取器提取夹竹桃花挥发油,以GC-MS法进行分析鉴定,建立了豚鼠离体子宫模型。结果:分别从无酶和有酶的夹竹桃花挥发油提取物中确证了58和57个化合物,挥发油对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌有收缩作用。结论:对夹竹桃的挥发油化学成分进行了比较分析结果表明,β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花有较弱增香作用,也能增加豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩。     

奶牛β-防御素5基因的克隆与原核表达

根据已发表的β-防御素5基因序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR技术扩增奶牛白细胞β-防御素5基因片段,构建原核表达载体并进行诱导表达.结果表明:将PCR产物插入pGEM-T easy载体后,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳、PCR、酶切及DNA测序证明构建的重组克隆载体完全正确,以该重组质粒为模板扩增目的基因的成熟肽片段,产物用EcoR I+NotⅠ双酶切并与原核表达载体PET28a连接,获得了预期的重组表达质粒.将重组表达质粒转化到BL21(DE3)宿主菌中,用异丙基--βD-硫代半乳糖苷诱导表达,经尿素-SDS-PAGE检测表明表达产物为6.4 kda的融合蛋白.     

白藜芦醇-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物的制备及鉴定

采用冷冻干燥法制备白藜芦醇-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物。采用正交试验以包合率为指标筛选最佳工艺条件:白藜芦醇∶羟丙基-β-环糊精为1∶2(物质的量的比),包合温度为20℃,包合时间为60 min。以红外光谱、紫外光谱方法对包合物进行鉴定,初步证明包合物已形成。通过测定包合率的大小证明羟丙基-β-环糊精包合白藜芦醇效果较好。     

产β-半乳糖苷酶芽孢杆菌的筛选及产酶条件的优化

[目的]筛选产β-半乳糖苷酶的芽孢杆菌并对其产酶条件进行优化。[方法]从土壤中筛选出一株具有β-半乳糖苷酶活性的菌株,对其进行鉴定并对其发酵产酶条件进行优化。[结果]该菌株被初步鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌。该菌株的最佳碳源是乳糖,最佳氮源是牛肉膏和蛋白胨,Na+对产酶有明显的促进作用。当乳糖含量为1.20%,牛肉膏含量为0.63%,蛋白胨含量为1.04%时,该菌株所产β-半乳糖苷酶酶活可达3.68 U/ml。初始pH值为8.0,培养温度为45℃,接种量为2%,振荡培养17 h,该菌株所产β-半乳糖苷酶的酶活最高,为5.49 U/ml。[结论]该菌株在高温条件下生长旺盛,适宜生长pH值范围广,在生产实践中具有一定的应用价值。