蜂花粉抗氧化作用的研宄进展

蜂花粉营养全面,含有多种生物活性物质,具有延缓衰老、抗菌消炎、增强免疫力等多种生理和药理功能。综述了蜂花粉中起抗氧化作用的因子和影响蜂花粉抗氧化作用的因素,并对蜂花粉的进一步开发利用方向进行了展望。     

Bee pollen product supplementation to horses in training seems to improve feed intake: A pilot study

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of supplementation of Dynamic Trio 50/50, a bee pollen-based product, to improve physical fitness, blood leukocyte profiles, and nutritional variables in exercised horses. Ten Arabian horses underwent a standardised exercise test (SET), then were pair-matched by sex and fitness and randomly assigned to BP (receiving 118 g of Dynamic Trio 50/50 daily) or CO (receiving 73 g of a placebo) for a period of 42 days. A total collection was conducted from days 18 to 21 on six geldings to determine nutrient retention and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility. Horses were exercise conditioned and completed another SET on day 42. V160 and V200 were calculated from SET heart rates (HR). Lactate, glucose, haematocrit (HT) and haemoglobin (HB) concentrations were determined from SET blood samples. Total leukocyte count, and circulating numbers of various leukocytes and IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations were determined in rest and recovery blood samples from both SETs. Geldings on BP (n = 3) ate more feed than CO. BP had less phosphorus excretion, and tended to retain more nitrogen. BP tended to digest more NDF and ADF while having lower NDF digestibility and tending to have lower ADF digestibility. No treatment differences existed for V160 and V200, HR, lactate, HT and HB. There was a trend for lymphocyte counts to be lower in BP than CO on day 42. Dynamic Trio 50/50 supplementation may have a positive effect on performance by helping horses in training meet their potentially increased nutrient demands by increasing feed intake and thus nutrient retention.     

小剂量砷化物对实验兔生长和繁殖性能的影响

为研究As2O3对实验兔生长和繁殖性能的影响,选择年龄和体重相近的40只实验兔(32只母兔,8只公兔)随机分成4组.对照组饲喂不含As2O3的基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组分别饲喂含As2O3 0.5mg/kg、1.0mg/kg和1.5mg/kg的日粮.生长发育和繁殖性能的测定结果显示,试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比,差异不显著(P＞0.05),试验Ⅱ组性能表现优于对照组,差异显著(P＜0.05),试验Ⅲ组出现中毒症状.本实验表明,适量的As2O3对实验兔生长和繁殖具有促进作用.     

酚酸类物质对黄瓜幼苗生长及保护酶活性的影响

 以对羟基苯甲酸和苯丙烯酸为代表性酚酸类物质 ,研究其对黄瓜幼苗生长和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明 ,该 2种酚酸物质对黄瓜幼苗的生长有抑制作用 ,鲜重、株高、茎粗、叶面积均有减小 ,随处理浓度的增加抑制作用增强 ,苯丙烯酸比对羟基苯甲酸具有更强的抑制作用 ;与对照 (CK)相比 ,2种酚酸物质对过氧化物酶 (POD)活性的影响呈现出先升高、然后下降 ,最后低浓度处理有回升趋势而高浓度无回升趋势 ;对过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性的影响则呈现出低浓度处理其活性先升高、然后下降、最后回升的变化趋势 ,高浓度处理首先表现为活性降低、然后略有升高、最后下降而无回升趋势 ;对超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性的影响表现出首先高于CK ,然后逐渐下降低于CK ,最后低浓度处理逐渐回升趋于CK ,而高浓度处理无回升趋势。高浓度酚酸类物质使丙二醛 (MDA)含量增加     

Immunohistochemical analysis of pseudorabies virus spread through neurons innervating the eyeball

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was inoculated intraocularly into BALB/c mice, and the distribution pattern of cells positive for several neurotransmitters and viral antigens in the eyeball, trigeminal nerve ganglia, and superior cervical ganglia was examined immunohistochemically to clarify the neural route of the virus spread. In the eyeball, substance P (SP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive cells were detected in the ipsilateral iris and ciliary body, neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY)-positive cells were detected in the choloid membrane, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells were detected in the ipsilateral inner nuclear layer of the retina; all these cells contained viral antigens. In the superior cervical ganglia, viral antigen-positive cells containing TH or NPY were found at bilateral sites. In the trigeminal nerve ganglia, viral antigen-positive cells containing SP or CGRP were found at bilateral sites. These findings indicated that the SP- and CGRP-positive ganglion cells of the trigeminal nerve ganglia innervating the iris or ciliary body, and the NPY-positive ganglion cells of the superior cervical ganglia innervating the iris, ciliary body, and choroid membrane served as the route for the virus spread. These findings also suggested that dopaminergic neurons, such as the TH-positive retinal cells and TH-positive ganglion cells of the superior cervical ganglia, served as the route for virus spread.     

磷素营养对星星草幼苗抗碱性的影响

通过以不同水平磷素营养培养星星草幼苗，研究磷素营养对星星草幼苗抗碱性的影响，试验结果表明：在２．０％Ｎａ２ＣＯ２胁迫下星星草苗磷素营养的最适浓度为２．８ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１ＫＨ２ＰＯ４，此条件下仅对株高，干重和鲜重的增长有促进作用，而且受害程度最小，对Ｎａ２ＣＯ３胁迫的缓解作用最强，在一定程度上可提高星星草幼苗对Ｎａ２ＣＯ３胁迫的抗性。     

副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P5的B细胞抗原表位鉴定

副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P5能诱导机体产生免疫保护反应,同时可以用于特异性的血清学诊断,本试验选取P5蛋白进行抗原表位鉴定。首先通过PCR扩增P5F1（1～204aa）,P5F2（170～296aa）及P5F3（280～371aa）3个片段,PCR产物分别定向克隆到表达载体pET32a（＋）中表达纯化。根据ELISA和Western blotting结果确定P5F3片段（280—371aa）是OmpP5的免疫优势决定区。为了进-步对该免疫优势决定区进行抗原表住鉴定,设计了-套11个部分重叠的短肽,这些短肽覆盖全部280～371aa片段。每-个短肽合成1对寡核苷酸链,退火后插入表达载体pGEX-6p-1,与GST进行融合表达。用HPS阳性血清进行ELISA和Western blotting扫描,鉴定出其表位位于”。TGNTCDAVKGRKALIT351。通过序列分析证实该抗原表位在不同的HPS菌株中高度保守。本试验确定了位于HPSOmpP5上的-个抗原表位,为建立-种方便、快捷、适用于现地大规模样品检测的鉴别诊断方法奠定了基础,同时也为HPS新型亚单位疫苗的研制,以及研究病原茵感染和机体免疫过程中P5蛋白与宿主体内相应分子之间的相互作用提供了有用信息。     

Risk factors associated with faecal shedding of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in eight known-infected Danish dairy herds

A risk-factor study was performed in eight dairy herds found to excrete verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 in a former prevalence study. Associations between excretion of VTEC O157 and management factors such as housing and feeding were analysed in a generalised linear mixed model. The animals were stratified in three age groups and sampled four times during 1 year. The risk of excreting VTEC O157 was higher among weaned calves than non-weaned calves. Among the calves aged 1–4 months, the risk was reduced if the calf had suckled colostrum from the mother or if the calf had stayed >2 days with the mother after calving. Calves aged 5–24 months that had been moved within the last 2 weeks had a higher risk, but risk was reduced if fed barley silage. Cows fed grain or molasses had a higher risk of excreting VTEC O157.     

施肥对桑叶品质的影响

在大田条件下研究了施肥对桑叶品质的影响 ,多年多点的试验结果表明 ,在土壤养分缺乏的桑园施用相应的缺素养分总体上有改善桑叶品质的作用。N、P、K、S、Mg、B等 6种养分的施用均明显提高桑叶必需氨基酸含量和氨基酸总量 ;N、K、S、B肥有提高桑叶蛋白质的作用 ,Mg对蛋白质的影响作用很小 ;N、Mg、B肥有提高桑叶全糖含量的作用 ,P、K肥则会降低全糖含量 ,S对桑叶全糖含量的影响不大 ;N、P、K肥施用有提高桑叶中脂肪含量的作用 ,而S、Mg、B肥的作用则相反。结果还显示 ,同一种养分在不同试验中对桑叶某一具体品质参数的影响大小及影响方向不尽相同 ,表明施肥对桑叶品质的作用还受其他因素影响。