太行山区鹦哥绿豆种植密度的试验研究

[目的]确定太行山区鹦哥绿豆的最佳种植密度。[方法]设置6万、9万、12万、15万株/hm24个种植密度,通过调查株高、单株荚数、主茎分枝数、单荚粒数及产量,研究种植密度对太行山区鹦哥绿豆生长的影响。[结果]太行山区鹦哥绿豆的株高和单株荚数均随着种植密度的增大而增加,密度为15万株/hm2时达到最大值;主茎分枝数和单荚粒数分别在种植密度为9万、12万株/hm2时出现最大值;产量刚开始随着种植密度的增加而增加,密度为12万株/hm2时最高,为1255.6 kg/hm2,随后开始下降。[结论]太行山区鹦哥绿豆的最佳种植密度是12万~15万株/hm2。     

甘蓝型油菜抗裂角品种(系)的筛选与分析

利用随机碰撞测试方法, 对229份自交纯合的甘蓝型油菜品种(系)进行了抗裂角指数测定, 以期筛选出抗裂角种质。结果表明, 抗裂角性状在现有品种(系)中存在广泛变异, 变异系数达114.4%。发现了2份抗裂角的品种(系), 占0.9%; 较抗的资源占3.93%; 处于中间状态的品种(系)占8.73%; 易裂角资源占27.07%, 极易裂角的品种(系)占59.39%。选择6个品种(系)进行了连续3年的测试, 表明抗裂角性状由品种(系)的遗传特性决定, 但受环境条件影响; 随机碰撞法具有较好的重现性。简单相关分析显示, 抗裂角指数与角果密度呈显著负相关, 与角皮厚度、角果长度、角果宽度、角喙长度、角粒数呈显著正相关, 但相关系数都很小。     

大荚型抗锈菜豆新品种选育

利用极早熟品种春丰四号和抗锈病品种鉴 - 7配制并选育而成的菜豆新品系 5 - 4 - 2 - 4、6 - 1- 8- 1、6 - 1- 2 - 1,株高 30 0 cm,第一花节位 3～ 5节 ,荚形扁圆 ,荚长 2 2～2 5 cm,最长荚可达 30 cm。中早熟类型 ,优质 ,抗锈病。该品系在天津地区种植适应性很强 ,可以春秋双季栽培     

巢式杂交群体的花生荚果性状遗传模型分析

采用主基因+多基因遗传模型,对巢式群体的5个组合的F2家系的荚果性状进行了遗传模式解析,以期了解巢式杂交群体的荚果性状遗传变异特点.结果表明,巢式杂交群体具有丰富的荚果性状的变异类型,荚果长、宽和百果重在5个组合中的最小值至最大值变异幅度分别为(14.30～22.09)mm～(38.36～45.12)mm、(7.06～...     

不同朝天椒种质资源品质和产量的综合评价

为了筛选适应贵州地区种植的朝天椒品种,以资源圃收集的48份朝天椒种质资源为研究对象,对其粗脂肪、蛋白质、维生素C、辣椒素、粗纤维、干物质等6项品质指标和产量进行测定,并利用隶属函数值法和聚类分析法对所得数据进行综合评价分析。结果表明：48份朝天椒种质资源的品质和产量存在较大差异。其中,粗脂肪含量范围在0.12~0.71 g/100 g之间,平均含量为0.47 g/100 g,品种‘黔辣10号’含量最高;蛋白质含量范围在2.36~3.67 g/100 g之间,平均含量为2.90 g/100 g,品种‘DZ-33’含量最高;维生素C含量范围在48.51~74.64 mg/100 g之间,平均含量为59.07 mg/100 g,品种‘子弹头’含量最高;辣椒素含量范围在6.63~72.54 mg/100 g之间,平均含量为31.49 mg/100 g,品种‘香脆白米椒’含量最高;粗纤维含量范围在2.32%~10.45%之间,平均含量为7.59%,品种‘黔辣18号’含量最高;干物质含量范围在11.12%~20.98%之间,平均含量为15.66%,品种‘单生理想’含量最高;干椒产量范围在189.66~442.81 kg/667 m²之间,平均产量为304.62 kg/667 m²,品种‘2018-70’平均干椒产量最高。6项品质指标的平均隶属度值在0.29~0.75之间,相差0.46,种质资源间差异较大。聚类分析可将48份朝天椒种质资源分为3大类群,第Ⅰ类群包括26份种质资源,占总资源数的54.17%,6项品质指标的平均含量和平均干椒产量都处于居中水平;第Ⅱ类群包括16份种质资源,占总资源数的33.33%,6项品质指标的平均含量都处于最低水平,但平均干椒产量处于最高水平;第Ⅲ类群包括6份种质资源,占总资源数的12.50%,6项品质指标的平均含量都处于最高水平,综合品质表现最好,但平均干椒产量最低。开展朝天椒种质资源品质和产量的综合评价分析,可为朝天椒种质资源的创新利用以及新品种选育奠定基础。     

广东雷州杂草稻sh4和qSH1基因的功能SNP位点序列分析

sh4和qSH1基因是水稻的主效落粒基因,本研究旨在测定雷州杂草稻的sh4和qSH1的基因型,为雷州杂草稻的落粒机制研究提供分子基础。本研究从雷州10个杂草稻群体采集了100个单株及10份栽培稻种子,观测其颖壳颜色、果皮颜色和芒及落粒率,并对sh4和qSH1的功能SNP位点进行PCR扩增及序列分析。结果表明,57份杂草稻的sh4功能SNP位点为野生落粒型（G）,15份为杂合型G/T,28份为突变难落粒型（T）。其中,G型和G/T型的72份杂草稻的落粒率都极高（95%~100%）,而28份T型杂草稻中,19份为中度落粒（30%~75%）,5份杂草稻的落粒率很高（>95%）,4份杂草稻的落粒率小于30%。100份杂草稻和10份栽培稻的qSH1功能SNP位点均为G。结合落粒表型及基因型,推测sh4是调控雷州杂草稻落粒性的一个主要基因。     

海南省可可黑果病病原鉴定及其发生规律

采用形态特征鉴定及rDNA-ITS序列分析相结合的方法,对海南可可黑果病病原进行鉴定,并通过定点连续调查研究该病在海南的发生规律。结果表明,该病病原为柑橘褐腐疫霉(Phytophthora citrophthora)。降雨量对该病的发生有着显著的影响,在海南发病高峰期一般在9~11月份。     

菜豆金黄荚色产生的生化机制研究

选用菜豆金黄色豆荚品种‘A18’和绿色豆荚品种‘热那亚’为试验材料,通过测定豆荚发育过程中荚壁的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素合成途径中相关代谢物质含量,探讨菜豆金黄荚色的形成机理。结果表明,嫩荚呈现金黄色是由于叶绿素缺乏,推测是因为叶绿素酸酯a(chlorophyllide a)的合成受阻导致;利用荧光定量PCR对叶绿素生物合成相关基因的表达进行分析,发现在‘A18’中CHLM和DVR的表达量从花后12 d开始下降,但CHLP、CHLG和CAO的表达量在多个时间点高于‘热那亚’,这说明虽然叶绿素酸酯a合成受阻,但叶绿素的合成仍然能进行。     

Effects during Period of Siliqua Developing of KH2PO4 and MgSO4 Application on Nitrogen Transportation in Pods of Oilseed Rape(Brassica napus L.)

An experiment was conducted in field experiment plot to investigate nitrogen transportation from hulls of pods in different periods at early stage of siliqua developing and effect of KH₂PO₄ and MgSO₄ application on it using ¹⁵N-urea.
More than 80 % of ¹⁵N applied on the surface of pods at lower terminal during flowering was recovered from all pods one month after flowering, most of them were still in the hulls of labelled pods, 17-27 % of ^l5N applied was transported into seeds, a small amount was transported to pods at upper terminal, a little amount was found in pods at branch. More ^l5N applied in middle period of flowering was transported to pods at upper terminal and branch than those applied in early period of flowering. It should be further investigated to conclude how will be going on transportation of nitrogen from hulls as preceding of siliqua developing towards maturity of seeds and its difference between ¹⁵N applied in more different periods.
Application of KH₂PO₄ and MgSO₄ with ¹⁵N-urea of surface of pods promoted transportation of ¹⁵N into seeds from hulls, effect of MgSO₄ was more notable.     

Flowering, Pod Set and Reproductive Success in Soya Bean

Much of the variation in yield of soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] and other grain crops is associated with changes in the number of pods and seeds per unit area. Photosynthesis and seed characteristics are the primary determinants of pod and seed number, but recent research suggests that the temporal distribution of flower production may also play an important role. Soya bean has a long flowering period (up to 40 days or more), but most of the flowers are produced in a much shorter time. The length of the period varies among cultivars, growth habits (indeterminate and determinate) and environments. The reproductive success of flowers produced early in the period is usually greater than those produced later. Little is known, however, of the regulation of the temporal distribution of flower production or its potential role in determining pod and seed number at maturity. Research is needed to determine first, if the temporal distribution can be manipulated to increase pod and seed set and secondly, if such increases would result in higher yields.