氮素营养与甘蓝型油菜角果的发育

本研究运用田间和盆钵试验,观察了甘蓝型油菜(B.napus)角果生长的基本特点,探讨了不同氮水平与角果发育的关系。结果表明,角果生长发育进程呈“S”型曲线,即含明显的生长缓慢期、生长优势期、物质积累优势期和衰老期;氮水平间角果面积增长速率的差异达极显著的正相关(r=0.9091~(**)),单株角果面积与籽粒产量亦呈极显著的正相     

Development of an Artificial Diet for Effective Oral Delivery of dsRNA to Soybean Pod Borer,Leguminivora glycinivorella (Lepidoptera:Tortrici-dae)

RNA interference (RNAi) technology is a promising crop protection strategy against agricultural pests.The soybean pod borer (SPB),Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.),is a serious pest of soybean in northeastern Asia.The neonate larvae of SPB are endophagous,initially feeding on the inner layer of the pod and then on the immature soybean seeds,a behavior that makes them difficult to rear.Therefore,a suitable artificial diet is desirable to facilitate RNAi research.Seven artificial diets and soybean pods were used for rearing SPB neonate larvae.The survival and mean weight of the larvae reared on artificial diet 6 (A6,included 2 g soybean flour and 10 g R3 immature soybean pod powder) were found to be significantly higher than those for larvae reared on all other diets.Subsequently,A6 diet was prepared in DEPC-treated water to obtain a RNase-free artificial diet (RF).The survival and mean weight of the larvae were not significantly different between A6 and RF diets.Feeding neonate larvae with RF-SpbP0 dsRNA (ribosomal protein P0) silenced SpbP0 gene,resulting in arrested development and increased mortality.The results of this study suggested that the newly developed A6 or RF diets could rear SPB neonate larvae and help towards developing an effective method for oral delivery of dsRNA to SPB larvae.     

适应机械收获的双低油菜新品种沪油17的选育

甘蓝型双低油菜新品种沪油17系采用品种(系)间杂交和回交方法育成的.种子含油量42.64%.芥酸含量0.68%,硫苷含量26.46μmol/g.该品种抗落粒性强,适合于机械收获.上海市油菜区生产试验平均产量2 346.0kg/hm2,比对照汇油50增产21.8%,达极显著水平.     

大豆荚粒性状的QTL分析

利用Charleston×东农594构建的F2衍生的149个F2:14～F2:16株系组成的重组自交系群体,采用复合区间作图法(CIM)和多重区间作图法(MIM),连续3 a对一粒荚数、二粒荚数、三粒荚数和四粒荚数共4个荚粒性状进行QTL分析。结果表明:3 a间CIM和MIM分别定位到13个和24个QTL,分布11个连锁群上。采用CIM法,定位到1个控制一粒荚数的QTL在2 a中稳定出现;采用MIM法,定位到1个控制二粒荚数的QTL和1个控制四粒荚数的QTL在2 a中稳定出现,且控制四粒荚数的QTL 2 a的性状贡献率分别为72.5%和37.6%。     

朝天椒杂交组合F_1代的杂种优势及其性状表现初探

以20个性状特征差异显著的朝天椒自交系为亲本,组配成34个杂交组合,研究朝天椒杂交组合F1代的杂种优势及其性状表现.结果表明:调查的29个性状的平均优势指数为125.93%,其中小区产量的平均杂种优势指数为133.01%,具有正优势的杂交组合占91.18%,超高亲优势的组合占61.76%,杂交组合较亲本平均产量增产32.26%.同时对果实、开花结果习性、茎秆特征等性状在F1代的表现进行了初步调查研究.     

朝天椒自交系表型性状的配合力和遗传力分析

选用综合生产性能表现较好、性状差异较大的6个朝天椒自交系,采用完全双列杂交设计组配15个杂交组合,对果长、果宽、单果重、果皮厚、株高、始花节高、单株结果数、单果种子数和单株产量等9个性状进行了配合力和遗传参数分析.结果表明:果宽、果皮厚、单株结果数、株高、单果种子数、单果重、始花节高主要由基因的加性效应起作用,单果种子数和果长主要是受非加性基因作用;纵观朝天辣椒6个自交系,以024号的综合性状配合力最好,其配组的杂交组合单株产量的特殊配合力相对较高.     

不同土壤水分对玉米光合特性和产量的影响

利用大型活动式防雨旱棚,人工控制土壤含水量,研究全生育期不同土壤水分对夏玉米光舍特性和产量的影响。结果表明：水分胁迫下,夏玉米叶片叶绿素含量、光舍面积、光合速率、蒸腾速率减少,引起果穗性状恶化,导致经济产量大幅下降。造成减产的主要原因是每穗粒数的减少和百粒重的下降。严重水分胁迫可使收获期玉米籽粒、苞叶、穗轴、花丝含水量较充分供水约高20％～60％,从而导致玉米成熟期推迟。     

大豆抗食心虫性遗传研究

利用经多年鉴定出的抗源材料配制杂交组合。根据抗虫亲本及感虫对照品种的抗虫性,制定出本试验的抗虫分级标准,根据此标准对杂交组合的F2代进行分组,并进行遗传类型的适合性测验。结果表明,几个杂交F2均代表现为9∶6∶1的分离特征,适合二对独立显性等位基因积加效应的遗传模式。     

贵州禾落粒性基因qSH1调控区SNP分析

贵州禾是在贵州省黔东南地区种植的一类特殊的稻种,为探究其遗传特性,本研究对49份贵州禾和来源中国11个省市(自治区)和韩日的112份稻种的落粒性基因qSH1调节区序列进行测序分析.结果 表明,161份供试品种在696个碱基序列上存在13个变异位点,归为6种DNA单倍型,在功能位点12 290上,仅H6为T,属不易落粒单...     

基于深度学习的大豆豆荚类别识别研究

Crop phenotype investigation is a key task in the selection and breeding of crop varieties. The traditional phenotypic survey mainly relies on human labors, which makes the results of the phenotypic survey difficult to meet the requirements of automation, high precision and high reliability. In the investigation of soybean phenotypes, the correct identification of pod types is the key and premise for the accurate extraction of phenotypes such as the number, length and width of pods. This study focused on the pictures of mature soybean pods by using deep learning to migrate five different network models [AlexNet, VggNet (Vgg16, Vgg19), GoogleNet, ResNet-50], to identify one-pod, two-pod, three-pod, and four-pod. In order to improve training speed and accuracy, this experiment fine-tuning the model and selected different optimizers (SGD, Adam) to optimize the network model. Adam’s performance was better than SGD in the problem of pod identification. With the Vgg16 network model and the Adam optimizer, the test accuracy of the pod category reached 98.41%, which reflected the best performance in the selected network model. In the 10-fold cross-validation test, the Vgg16 network model had good stability. Therefore, this study indicates that the Vgg16 network model can be applied to the actual identification of pods, and provide an important solution for further automatic extraction of pod phenotypes.