采前高浓度赤霉素处理对贵妃芒果色泽发育的抑制效应

以10年生贵妃芒果树为实验材料,研究不同浓度（0、0.5g/L、1.0g/L、2.0g/L、3.0g/L）赤霉素（GA3）处理果树对采后芒果果实色泽变化的影响。于果树的盛花期、幼果期和果实膨大期三次进行GA3喷洒处理。结果表明：与对照组相比,不同浓度的赤霉素处理对果皮色度a*值均具有明显影响,浓度越高,抑制a*值增大的效果越显著;赤霉素处理可以显著抑制果皮叶绿素(Chl)的降解,降低类胡萝卜素及花青素的合成;高浓度赤霉素对叶绿素酶（Chlase）、查尔酮异构酶(CHI)活性增加、5-氨基乙酰脱氢酶(ALAD)活性的降低具有明显的抑制效果。综上表明：采前GA3处理可以抑制采后贵妃芒果果皮色泽的转变, 浓度越高对果皮转色的抑制效果越显著。     

菊芋腌制护色技术研究

研究了菊芋腌制过程中色变的原因 ,及 Vc,Na HSO3,柠檬酸和热烫对色变的影响。结果表明 ,最佳护色方法为 0 .1g/L的 Na HSO3浸泡原料不少于 5 m in,也可用 0 .3g/L的柠檬酸浸泡原料不少于 5 min     

应用光波技术诱捕桔小实蝇试验

桔小实蝇是一种危害水果和蔬菜作物的危险性有害生物。基于利用黄色色光光波趋性反应进行的桔小实蝇诱捕试验结果表明,处理后7 d效果最好的是黄粘胶板 橙汁(平均每纸27.9头),其次为黄粘胶板 甜酒糟(平均每纸17.6头)和黄粘胶板 番石榴汁(平均每纸14.2头)。说明通过应用光波诱捕技术,可应用于对实蝇的监测调查和对实蝇的防治。     

马铃薯块茎蒸煮品质、质构特性及加工型品系筛选

【目的】蒸煮是马铃薯食用最主要的加工方式,马铃薯商业化加工过程中需要对蒸煮加工的品质性状进行定量化分析和分类。根据商业化加工的需求在品种选育中进行蒸煮品质性状的早期选择和筛选,确定蒸煮加工型品种的品质性状特征和相关参数,同时从现有品种和品系中根据商业化加工参数筛选适合不同用途需求的蒸煮品种,是提高蒸煮加工型品种选育效率和方法的有效手段,为制定蒸煮加工型品种选育目标提供基础。【方法】在对马铃薯品种和品系的块茎产量、块茎大小、薯型、薯肉颜色、芽眼深度、抗病性和商品率的初步选择基础上,筛选14个品种和品系进行蒸煮试验,在普通蒸锅中放入块茎蒸煮25 min,蒸熟后,在室温环境冷却20 min,7 d后,分别对蒸煮前后块茎色泽变化、蒸煮前后块茎硬度、蒸煮前后软化度进行测定。同时测定这些品种和品系的干物质含量、淀粉含量、蔗糖含量、葡萄糖含量、果糖含量、游离氨基酸含量、绿原酸含量、柠檬酸含量、抗坏血酸含量,分析以上成分在蒸煮加工过程中变化对品种和品系块茎的风味、色泽和质构特性的影响,确定蒸煮加工型品种的加工参数。【结果】选育蒸煮加工型马铃薯品种,首先考虑田间综合农艺性状要能够满足商业化生产与加工过程工艺流程和加工机械要求。块茎还原糖含量是影响蒸煮风味中甜度的主要因素,含量应控制在0.4%以下。游离氨基酸含量与蒸煮风味中鲜味有关,14个品种和品系的氨基酸含量差别还不能构成显著的风味差别,所有品种和品系的氨基酸含量介于30—70μmol。块茎品种风味构成中的苦味来源主要是糖苷碱含量,蒸煮加工型品种的糖苷碱含量应控制在150 mg·kg~(-1)以下。蒸煮后冷却20 min块茎色泽变化值和蒸煮后7 d的色泽变化值ΔE差值是衡量蒸煮加工型品种色泽变化的重要参数。块茎蒸煮前后的软化度是衡量蒸煮加工型品种质地变化的重要参数。【结论】14个品种和品系块茎蒸煮后的风味、色泽变化、质构特性变化是判定蒸煮加工型品种的重要参数,通过对这些参数的全面分析表明,品种Burbank、Shepody和品系0724-58、0712-66是蒸煮后软化度比较高的品种和品系,而0744-8和0722-26是蒸煮后软化度比较低的品系。     

Genetics of colour traits in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

Five parents of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) having orange/beige cotyledon colour, brown/white testa colour, purple/green seedling colour and purple/white flower colour were crossed as a full diallele set. The inheritance patterns of cotyledon, testa or seed coat colour, flower and seedling colour, were studied by analyzing their F₁, F₂, BC₁ and BC₂ generations. The segregation pattern in F₂, BC₁ and BC₂, showed that cotyledon colour was governed by a single gene with incomplete dominance and it is proposed that cotyledon colour is controlled by two allelic genes, which have been designated Ct₁ and Ct₂. Testa colour was governed by a single gene with the brown allele dominant and the recessive allele white. This gene has been given the symbol H. Two complementary genes governed both flower and seedling colours. These flower and seedling colour genes are pleiotropic and the two genes have been given the symbols S and F.     

俄罗斯大豆品种种植在北京地区的农艺性状表现

文中调查了2007—2010年间从俄罗斯引进的200余份栽培大豆和30多份野生大豆的花色、开花期、成熟期及主要农艺性状与亩产量。调查结构表明,俄罗斯СП1354-2、СП998-1和G.max N312的亩产超过了对照品种黑河38,有进一步研究的意义。     

Quantitative trait loci mapping of seed colour,hairy leaf,seedling anthocyanin,leaf chlorosis and days to flowering in F2 population of Brassica rapa L.

A diversity arrays technology (DArT) map was constructed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting seed colour, hairy leaf, seedling anthocyanin, leaf chlorosis and days to flowering in Brassica rapa using a F₂ population from a cross between two parents with contrasting traits. Two genes with dominant epistatic interaction were responsible for seed colour. One major dominant gene controls the hairy leaf trait. Seedling anthocyanin was controlled by a major single dominant gene. The parents did not exhibit leaf chlorosis; however, 32% F₂ plants showed leaf chlorosis in the population. A distorted segregation was observed for days to flowering in the F₂ population. A linkage map was constructed with 376 DArT markers distributed over 12 linkage groups covering 579.7 cM. The DArT markers were assigned on different chromosomes of B. rapa using B. rapa genome sequences and DArT consensus map of B. napus. Two QTL (RSC1‐2 and RSC12‐56) located on chromosome A8 and chromosome A9 were identified for seed colour, which explained 19.4% and 18.2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The seed colour marker located in the ortholog to Arabidopsis thaliana Transparent Testa2 (AtTT2). Two QTL RLH6‐0 and RLH9‐16 were identified for hairy leaf, which explained 31.6% and 20.7% phenotypic variation, respectively. A single QTL (RSAn‐12‐157) on chromosome A7, which explained 12.8% of phenotypic variation was detected for seedling anthocyanin. The seedling anthocyanin marker is found within the A. thaliana Transparent Testa12 (AtTT12) ortholog. A QTL (RLC6‐04) for leaf chlorosis was identified, which explained 55.3% of phenotypic variation. QTL for hairy leaf and leaf chlorosis were located 0–4 cM apart on the same chromosome A1. A single QTL (RDF‐10‐0) for days to flowering was identified, which explained 21.4% phenotypic variation.     

Brightness of venous blood in South American camelids: implications for jugular catheterization

Objective  To compare the brightness of South American camelid venous blood to that of Equidae.
Study design  Prospective clinical evaluation.
Animals  Twelve South American camelids (eight llamas, four alpacas), eight horses and ponies (control group).
Methods  Appropriately sized catheters were placed in the jugular vein of each animal under local anaesthesia. The blood spilt before the catheter was capped was caught on a white tile. A sample of blood was drawn for blood-gas analysis. The brightness of the blood (both on the tile and in the syringe) was matched to a colour chart (1 = darkest red, 8 = brightest red) by a single observer under bright light conditions. Packed cell volume (PCV) and partial pressure of oxygen (PvO₂) in the blood were also measured on the syringe blood. Normally distributed data were compared using a two tailed t -test, and non-normally distributed data were compared using a Mann–Whitney U -test. Significance was set at p  < 0.05.
Results  Camelid venous blood was significantly brighter red than that of horses and ponies both on the white tile ( p  = 0.0003) and in the syringe ( p  = 0.0001). PCV was significantly lower in camelids (32 ± 4%) compared with horses (37 ± 5%). Partial pressure of oxygen values were similar between groups.
Conclusions and clinical relevance  Jugular venous blood in alpacas and llamas is significantly brighter red than that of horses. Colour should not be used as a sole determinant of venous or arterial catheterization in this species.     

Effect of curing at different temperatures on biochemical composition of onion (Allium cepa L.) skin from three freshly cured and cold stored UK-grown onion cultivars

Onions are cured in order to form a complete, dry, outer skin which reduces water loss and suppresses incidence of disease, and can promote a darker skin finish. Currently in the UK, standard curing practises for onions involves heating at 28 °C for six weeks (65–75% RH), however, reducing curing temperatures may help to reduce energy usage. There is little empirical data on the effects of curing temperature on flavonol concentration in the skin of brown onions and on flavonol and anthocyanin concentration in the skin of red onions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the compounds responsible for the change in onion skin colour when cured at different temperatures.Brown cvs. Sherpa and Wellington, and red onions cv. Red Baron, were cured at 20, 24 or 28 °C for six weeks. Replicated skin samples were analysed immediately after curing and after seven months cold storage at 1 ± 0.5 °C. Measurement of objective colour showed that skin of cvs. Sherpa and Wellington was darker and had a lower hue angle (H°) immediately after being cured at 28 °C compared to 20 °C. In contrast, skin of cv. Red Baron had a higher H° but no change in lightness (L*) when cured at 28 °C compared to 20 °C. Fructose, sucrose and glucose concentrations were analysed as they are thought to play a role in regulating the synthesis of flavonols and anthocyanins, both coloured compounds found in onion skin; however no significant correlations were found between colour data and sugar concentrations. Flavonols were measured in the skin of all cvs. and anthocyanins in the skin of cv. Red Baron. Quercetin glucoside and anthocyanin concentrations in the skin of onions cv. Red Baron immediately after curing were higher in those cured at 20 °C. Total flavonols and total anthocyanins were negatively correlated with H° in the skin of onions cv. Red Baron, but there was no similar correlation between total flavonols and H° for onion cvs. Sherpa and Wellington. This suggests that anthocyanins and flavonols may play a major role in varying skin colour of red onions cv. Red Baron cured at different temperatures; however, the difference between curing temperatures may not have been sufficient to represent a correlation between darkening of cvs. Sherpa and Wellington and flavonol concentration. Further investigation is therefore required to fully elucidate the compounds responsible for colour changes observed in brown onions.