Crown morphology of Norway spruce from usual tree measurements

Intr0ducti0nNorwayspruce(PiceaabiesKarst)is0l1eoflI1e111ostimportal1tc011iferinFra11ce.lnl99l,tI1etotaIareaofNorwaysprLICewasestimatedt0be723000I11112.ItsvoIUmewasl27Inilli0I1m3.Tl1eanl1uaIvoILl111eiI1crc-mentwas5.74millionm3.ltiswideIyacceptedII1atIargeri11itialspacingssI1ouldbeusednow.l111940's,thedensity0ftl1epIantatiol1rangedfr0m5000to10000stems/hm2.Nowtl1einitiaIdensityvariesbetweenI000to250Ostems/I1m2.TI1eIargestspacit1g111aybe650~800stems/hm2.S0ithasasignifica11cetostLldyt…     

冲刷条件下裸露砒砂岩区坡面细沟微形态变化及其侵蚀特征

选择裸露砒砂岩坡面为研究对象,基于野外径流小区冲刷试验结合三维激光扫描技术,研究3种流量(60,100,200 L/h)与4个坡度(5°,10°,20°,30°)组合冲刷下砒砂岩区坡面细沟形态演变特征及径流侵蚀产沙机制.结果表明:坡面细沟在坡下最先发育,随着冲刷流量和坡面坡度的增大而向上延伸;细沟出现的时间随着坡度的增...     

Effects of antimicrobial peptides on growth,morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of different levels (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of antimicrobial peptides on growth, protease activity of foregut, the morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression level in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The results showed that the feed of antimicrobial peptides promote common carp growth, and the optimal dosage of antimicrobial peptides is 200–333 mg/kg in the common carp feed. The protease activity of 200 and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control and other groups (p < 0.05). The foregut villus height with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The crypt depth of 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly lower than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio of villus height and crypt depth of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio with 600 mg/kg group was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The IGF‐I gene expression level of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group and 600 mg/kg group (p < 0.05). The IL‐1β gene expression level of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicated up‐regulation of growth and immune related genes in antimicrobial peptides fed common carp. Correlation analysis showed that IGF‐I mRNA and IL‐1β mRNA were positively correlated with SGR. IL‐1β mRNA and FCR were significantly negative correlated. It indicated that growth and immune gene common regulated the growth of the carp under antimicrobial peptides intervention. In conclusion, antimicrobial peptides can improve growth and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp. Further studies using molecular biological technique or immunologic methods are required to conclude that antimicrobial peptides are beneficial in common carp.     

SEM-EDXA法测定分析柠檬桉木材中的晶体

采用扫描电子显微镜-X射线能量散射分析（SEM—EDXA）法对柠檬桉Eucalyptus citriodora木材中晶体的轴向分布、径向分布、形态和含量以及硅石的纳米结构进行了分析。结果表明：①柠檬桉木材中晶体主要分布在木射线细胞,形态多为菱形晶体;②柠檬桉木材钙元素含量高的可达所有元素含量的22％以上;③柠檬桉木材中晶体的纳米尺寸在350～400nm,晶体尺寸大小从树基向树梢呈递减趋势。图4表1参9     

40个野生滇牡丹群体的花粉形态研究

通过扫描电镜观察了野生滇牡丹40个群体的花粉形态,结果表明其花粉有较明显的多样性.不同群体的花粉赤道面观多为长球形,少数为超长球形或近球形,极面观为三裂圆形,萌发器官具三拟孔沟,外壁纹饰形态多样,可分为小穴状、穴状、网状、粗网状、皱波-网状、皱波状等.按照数量分类学性状对40个群体进行了亲缘关系的聚类分析,结合表型性状...     

城市河流健康的形态学指标体系研究

建立了以河道形态、河岸带状况及河床形态为一级指标,9个二级指标的河流形态学评价指标体系,并将其应用在广州市鸟涌进行验证。结果表明,河流形态学指数高的河段其水体自净系数也高,河流形态评价得分最高河段的自净能力是评价得分最低河段自净能力的2．9倍。运用该指标体系能够从形态学角度反映河流健康状况,为河流改造提供理论参考。     

根据形态学和分子系统学特征界定拟盘多毛孢属的种

以拟盘多毛孢属108个ITS（内转录间区）序列建立了分子系统树,探讨拟盘多毛孢属的形态特征与分子系统树的相互关系.结果表明,拟盘多毛孢属首先按照分生孢子有色胞的颜色区分为暗色和淡色（同色）2个分支,暗色组再分成2个亚分支--同色亚分支和异色亚分支,淡色分支内进一步根据顶端附属丝特征和基部附属丝的有无区分为7个亚分支.寄主植物的某个分类单元在拟盘多毛孢属的分子系统树上并未形成特定的分支.通过对形态特征与分子系统树结合分析,重新界定小孢拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis microspora）、异色拟盘多毛孢（P.versicolor）和茶拟盘多毛孢（P.theae）.     

玉米根系形态对光照、氮水平反应的基因型差异

用溶液培养的方法 ,研究了光照、以及氮水平对不同氮效率玉米自交系根系形态养分吸收的影响 ,研究结果表明 ,提高光照水平有助于光合产物向根系分配 ,表现为总根长、根体积、根系重量等显著增加。在不同光照水平低氮胁迫时 ,氮低效品种白瓷与其它三个品种相比 ,根系的形态指标均有不同程度的降低。在高光强 ,0 .4 mmol/ L氮水平胁迫时 ,与氮高效品种 4 78相比 ,根系体积减少 2 7.54% ,根干重减少 2 1.2 4 % ,并降低了根系的吸收效率 ,同时也表明 ,光照与氮水平对光合产物的分配具有耦合效应     

Earthworm channels in cultivated clayey and loamy Norwegian soils

Studies of earthworm species and their activity, expressed as channels, on cultivated loamy (Humic Cryaquept) and clayey soils (Typic Endoaqualf and Typic Cryaquept) were conducted in southern and central Norway before conversion from conventional to organic cropping systems. At all the three study areas: Landvik (Grimstad), Voll (Ås) and Kvithamar (Stjørdal), the earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa, Aporrectodea rosea, Allolobophora chlorotica and Lumbricus rubellus were found. At Landvik, where the deep-burrowing species Aporrectodea longa, A. caliginosa and Lumbricus terrestris dominated, medium (4–6 mm) and coarse (>6 mm) earthworm channels were most numerous below the plough layer. Almost no coarse pores were found at Voll and Kvithamar. The volume of earthworm channels below the plough layer was 0.6–0.8% of total soil volume at Landvik and Voll and 0.3–0.4% at Kvithamar. Earthworm channels >6 mm below the plough layer were useful to identify present and previous activity of deep-burrowing earthworms such as L. terrestris. Below the plough layer, roots were almost entirely restricted to earthworm channels and interaggregate spaces.     

黎蒴叶片形态的表型多样性分析

以华南3省区的33株黎蒴（Castanopsis fissa）优树为材料,测定叶面积、叶缘周长、叶片长、叶片宽和叶片长宽比5个表型性状。结果表明,33株优树叶片的5个表型性状均存在极显著差异,说明黎蒴叶片表型变异丰富。叶片性状变异系数均在10％以上,变异系数大小顺序为：叶面积〉叶缘周长〉叶片宽〉叶片长〉叶片长宽比。聚类分析将33株黎蒴分为5种类型,第1类为普通型黎蒴,包括29株优树;第Ⅱ类是广西高田2优树,属大叶型黎蒴;第Ⅲ类为广东韶关1优树,是窄叶型黎蒴;第Ⅳ类是广西小镜2优树,属宽叶型黎蒴;第Ⅴ类为广西镇龙1优树,属大叶尖削型黎蒴。