五种西方蜜蜂品种形态指标差异性比较

采集吉林的东北黑蜂×意蜂、云南景洪的浙大蜜浆蜜胶、云南景洪的白山6号、云南个旧蛮耗的本地王和云南蒙自草坝的浙大蜜浆高产5种西方蜜蜂子代工蜂共8群样本,每群测定分析15只,测定每只工蜂38个形态指标。结果表明不同生产性能的西方蜜蜂在形态特征上都表现出差异性(P≤0.01,或0.01P≤0.05,或P0.05),通过实验,为蜜蜂生产上培育杂种优势西方蜜蜂品种提供有力的理论依据。     

捕食线虫性真菌的分离培养技术与形态学

分离培养捕食线虫性真菌的最佳培养基为 0 .4g/ L 玉米粉琼脂培养基 (CMA) ;0 .4g/ L 玉米粉液体培养基可作为保存菌种培养基。在分离培养过程中 ,必须加入活的线虫第 3期幼虫 ,以诱导菌株产生捕食性器官——菌环、菌网 ,并与其他真菌鉴别。捕食线虫性真菌有菌丝和孢子 2种形态 ,其发育时期不同。本试验分离的少孢节丛孢菌(Arthrobotrys oligospora) ,菌丝发达 ,无色有隔 ,隔距不等 ;分生孢子梗直立不分支 ,分生孢子围绕着分生孢子梗呈轮状排列 ,似梅花瓣状 ,2层以上 ;孢子呈倒卵形 ,丰满无色 ,有横隔 ,游离端大而钝圆 ,梗端小而稍尖。     

Overhead supplemental far-red light stimulates tomato growth under intra-canopy lighting with LEDs

Far-red(FR) light regulates phytochrome-mediated morphological and physiological plant responses.This study aims to investigate how greenhouse tomato morphology and production response to different durations of FR light during daytime and at the end of day(EOD).High-wire tomato plants were grown under intra-canopy lighting consisting of red(peak wavelength at 640 nm) and blue(peak wavelength at 450 nm) light-emitting diodes(LEDs) with photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD) of 144 μmol m–2 s–1 at 10 cm away from the lamps,and combined with overhead supplemental FR light(peak wavelength at 735 nm) with PPFD of 43 μmol m–2 s–1 at 20 cm below the lamps.Plants were exposed to three durations of FR supplemental lighting including: 06:00–18:00(FR12),18:00–19:30(EOD-FR1.5),18:00–18:30(EOD-FR0.5),and control that without supplemental FR light.The results showed that supplemental FR light significantly stimulated stem elongation thereby resulting in longer plants compared with the control.Moreover,FR light altered leaf morphology toward higher leaf length/width ratio and larger leaf area.The altered plant architecture in FR supplemented plants led to a more homogeneous light distribution inside the canopy.Total plant biomass was increased by 9–16% under supplemental FR light in comparison with control,which led to 7–12% increase in ripe fruit yield.Soluble sugar content of the ripe tomato fruit was slightly decreased by longer exposure of the plants to FR light.Dry matter partitioning to different plant organs were not substantially affected by the FR light treatments.No significant differences were observed among the three FR light treatments in plant morphology as well as yield and biomass production.We conclude that under intra-canopy lighting,overhead supplemental FR light stimulates tomato growth and production.And supplementary of EOD-FR0.5 is more favorable,as it consumes less electricity but induces similar effects on plant morphology and yield.     

松茸菌株对6种松树幼苗的感染及其菌根解剖学研究

利用我国滇产松茸9924菌株及日产松茸99606菌株，分别对云南松、华山松、马尾松、火炬松、湿地松及加勒比松6种松树幼苗实施人工菌根接种。研究结果表明，接种后90d的云南松和湿地松分别有75％和78．1％的幼苗受感染并形成菌根；接种后180d,6种松树幼苗分部都可形成菌根，菌根感染率分别达90．63％－100％，感染指数达50．00－84．68；菌根形态主要有棒状、二叉分枝状及多叉分枝状3种；随树种的不同，各类菌根形态所占比例也不同；不同树种根系上形成菌根的长度也有差异，以马尾松根系上的菌根最长，华山松的菌根最短；此外，各种组合之间在菌套厚度，哈蒂氏网结构上也略有差别。     

3个美国油梨品种在粤西产区引种表现评价

为了解引入国家热带果树种质资源圃(广东湛江)的3个美国油梨品种Hass,Tonnage和Wilson的生育期、果实品质性状和适应性等情况,对这些品种花形态、开花特性、开花授粉受精生理特征和主要果实性状等指标进行了观测和比较分析。结果表明,3个引进油梨品种在粤西地区均能正常开花结果,果实生理成熟期Hass为11月上旬,Tonnage为8月旬,Wilson为9月初。花期均为2月下旬至4月中旬,花期比原产地短10~20天,Hass和Tonnage为A型花, Wilson为B型花;Hass、Tonnage和Wilson花粉萌发率均较高,分别为87%、75%和82%,开花后3h为最佳授粉期。果实风味、口感、颜色等性状与引种地基本一致,而Wilson平均单果重比引种地提高了2倍左右,而Tonnage单果重只达到引种地的70%, Hass与原产地相近。以上结果可为引进品种在我国的生产和利用提供参考。     

草甘膦、草铵膦喷施对槟榔根系形态及生理的影响

除草剂防除杂草的同时会给非靶标作物带来药害,频繁使用除草剂的海南槟榔园叶片黄化症状更加明显,我们推测除草剂可能导致槟榔根系退化,从而引起叶片黄化。本试验以幼龄期槟榔与成龄期槟榔为研究对象,测定草甘膦和草铵膦使用后槟榔根系生长发育形态与相关生理指标。结果表明：（1）在幼龄期槟榔根系中,主要以直径为0～1.5mm的根为主要根系结构,数量上占到总根的88%以上,表面积占到了总根的68%以上。草甘膦和草铵膦喷施显著降低了槟榔幼苗根系鲜重、干物质积累量,白色吸收根的比例、吸收根活力。（2）在成龄期槟榔气生根中,喷施草甘膦和草铵膦均引起气生根药剂残留,且农残随施用浓度增加而变高;喷施草甘膦和草铵膦,阻碍了槟榔气生根发育。草甘膦处理第14天后气生根死亡数达到最大,而草铵膦处理第28天后达到最大。（3）草铵膦损害了气生根组织结构,使新根内皮层排列稀疏,表皮组织厚度增加,木栓化程度加深,导致根表皮细胞大量死亡,抑制了气生根伸长与增粗。上述研究结果表明草甘膦和草铵膦通过木栓化加速根系死亡调控槟榔根系生长与发育。     

基于形态性状和SSR标记的克氏原螯虾养殖群体遗传多样性分析

为客观评估广西南宁周边地区克氏原螯虾养殖群体的遗传多样性,采集来自南宁的3个克氏原螯虾群体——埃及群体（AJ）、良庆群体（LQ）和上林群体（SL）,以及湖北荆州（JZ）和江西湖口（HK）的群体各1个,采用形态学结合微卫星分子标记的方法分析其遗传多样性水平。形态分析结果显示,雌性群体的综合判别准确率为68.59%,雄性群体的综合判别准确率为73.60%;3个南宁群体（AJ,LQ,SL）与JZ群体聚为一类,3个南宁群体间具有较高的形态相似度。微卫星分析结果显示,AJ群体和LQ群体的遗传多样性最高,SL群体和HK群体次之;LQ群体与SL群体的遗传分化系数和遗传距离最小。结果表明广西南宁克氏原螯虾群体具有较高的遗传多样性,从国外引种或国内不同地理来源群体的杂交可能是提高克氏原螯虾群体遗传多样性的重要途径。     

公鹅生殖器官发育形态学的研究

对在发育期间的太湖公鹅生殖器官进行了大体解割、组织学和组织化学观察,结果如下:睾丸及曲细精管的发育具有明显的阶段性;附睾区的管道系统在接近性成熟时开始区分明显;交配器官在性成熟前数周发育迅速。对生殖器官各部分进行了磷酸酶和糖类的测定。对非特异性酯酶的测定表明,在睾丸间质细胞其活性与发育相一致。鹅睾丸的血管构筑较哺乳动物简单。     

Canine spermatozoa—What do we know about their morphology and physiology? An overview

Spermatozoa are unique cells because of their morphological and physiological characteristics. They are produced during the process called spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis consists of three phases: spermatocytogenesis, spermiogenesis and spermiation, during which spermatozoa undergo several changes. Spermatogenesis takes place within the seminiferous tubules containing two types of cells—the germ cells and the Sertoli cells—that alongside the Leydig cells, which play an important role when it comes to normal fertility. Everything is regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and specific hormones due to multi-hormonal feedback systems. Spermatozoa possess morphological and physiological features, which are sometimes completely different from what is observed in various somatic cells. What is more, canine spermatozoa have specific characteristics making them special compared to the spermatozoa of other mammalian species. The metabolic energy production, which is crucial for the appropriate functioning of spermatozoa, can be fuelled by different metabolic pathways utilizing different chemical substrates. Inseparable from the oxidative phosphorylation process is the production of reactive oxygen species, which are both essential and toxic to spermatozoa. Furthermore, epididymis is a very important structure, responsible for the transport and maturation of spermatozoa, which are then stored in the last segment of epididymis—the epididymal cauda. Moreover, the retrieval of spermatozoa from the epididymides is crucial for the development of assisted reproduction techniques and sperm cryopreservation methods. The information gained from the research on domestic dogs might be transferred to their wild relatives, especially those species categorized as endangered.