Severe eosinophilic cholangiohepatitis due to fluke infestation in a pony in Scotland

Fasciola hepatica infestation is reported as a cause of severe eosinophilic cholangiohepatitis in a 28‐year‐old Warmblood cross pony gelding. The gelding presented initially for investigation of acute laminitis found to be secondary to pars pituitary intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Six weeks of treatment including administration of pergolide achieved good control of the laminitis but there was a marked general clinical deterioration over this period with notable weight loss, tachycardia, anorexia and ventral oedema. Hepatobiliary enzymes were increased significantly and there was mild elevation of plasma bile acid concentration. An eosinophilia in both blood and peritoneal fluid specimens and histopathological confirmation of an eosinophilic cholangiohepatitis on examination of liver biopsies supported a primary parasitic aetiology. The pony was treated for Fasciola hepatica with triclabendazole 12 mg/kg bwt but clinical signs continued to progress. Due to poor clinical response the pony was subjected to euthanasia and post mortem examination revealed an overwhelming infestation of the biliary tracts with Fasciola hepatica and a secondary chronic and severe cholangiohepatitis with marked fibrosis. To the authors' knowledge this is the first equine report demonstrating the relationship between the clinical disease syndrome, eosinophilic cholangiohepatitis and hepatic fluke infestation. Depending on geographical location, fasciolosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for equine hepatopathies and can result in severe disease.     

大鳍鳠脑垂体和血清生长激素水平的季节变化

根据大鳍脑垂体匀浆和血清样品的稀释曲线与鲤生长激素（ｃＧＨ）标准曲线的平行性,采用鲤生长激素的标准品和抗血清（ＲＡＧ）测定了周年中几个不同时期大鳍脑垂体和血清样品的生长激素（ＧＨ）含量,发现脑垂体和血清中的ＧＨ含量均表现出明显的季节变化。脑垂体的ＧＨ含量分别在３月份和８月份出现两个峰。４～７月的繁殖期和１１～１月的越冬期间,脑垂体的ＧＨ含量很低,而且波动不大。受水温和光周期的影响,大鳍血清ＧＨ水平表现为从冬季（１１～１月）到春季（２～４月）逐渐上升,夏季急剧升高,到夏末（７月底）达到最高,一直持续到秋季。大鳍血清ＧＨ含量的变化与生殖周期密切相关,最低的ＧＨ含量出现在性腺静止期,其次为性腺发育期,再次为性腺成熟期,在产卵期急剧升高,最高为性腺退化期。     

Close association of gonadotropin-releasing hormone fibers and gonadotropin, growth hormone, somatolactin and prolactin expressing cells in pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is any association between immunoreactive (ir) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) fibers with different pituitary endocrine cell types in the pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis. Using a monoclonal antibody raised against mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) (LRH13), ir-GnRH fibers were observed passing through the pituitary stalk and reaching the three areas of the pituitary gland: rostral (RPD) and proximal pars distalis (PPD) and pars intermedia (PI). Double labeled immunocytochemistry showed ir-GnRH fibers in close association with prolactin (PRL)-producing cells in the RPD, growth hormone (GH)-producing cells in the PPD, gonadotropin (GtH)-producing cells in the PPD and the external border of the PI, and with somatolactin (SL)-producing cells in the PI. Our results show, direct morphological evidences of a close association of GnRH fibers with GH, PRL, GtH and SL-expressing cells. These results would suggest that GnRH has a broad role in the regulation of the secretion of different pituitary hormones.     

羊垂体前叶降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)与P物质(SP)免疫反应神经纤维

应用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法发现羊垂体前叶有降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应神经纤维存在,这些纤维呈串球状分布于结节部及远侧部前２／３区域。纤维形态多样,细长者穿行于腺细胞之间;短小弯曲者围绕于腺细胞周围;反复分支折叠盘曲缠绕成团簇状者将腺细胞成堆的网络其中。神经纤维及串珠与腺细胞关系密切,提示有可能对腺细胞分泌起直接支配作用。在纤维分布区域可见散在的免疫反应细胞,形态不规则,大部分与神经纤维无接触关系,但有少数可位于纤维的网络之中。Ｐ物质免疫反应神经纤维及细胞在羊垂体前叶分布稀疏,且多位于结节部,远侧部很少。     

光照周期对褪黑激素受体在母兔下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴中分布与表达的影响

旨在观察不同光照周期对新西兰白色母兔褪黑激素受体在"下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴"中的分布和表达模式,从而进一步分析褪黑激素在不同光照周期下调控母兔发情的机制。选用5月龄未经产新西兰母兔48只,随机分成3组,每组16只,前10 d各试验组采用"12 h光照：12 h黑暗"的光照制度,后6 d分别采用长光照（16 h光照：8 h黑暗）、短光照（8 h光照：16 h黑暗）和正常光照（12 h光照：12 h黑暗,对照组）的光照制度,光照强度80 lx,试验期为16 d。试验结束后剖杀动物,取下丘脑、垂体和卵巢,用qPCR、免疫印迹、免疫组织化学方法,研究不同光照周期对母兔的下丘脑、垂体、卵巢中褪黑激素受体亚型分布与表达的影响。结果表明：在下丘脑,短光照组的MT1 mRNA表达量较长光照组高88.8%（P<0.05）,较对照组高54.9%（P<0.05）,长光照组与对照组间无显著差异;MT2 mRNA表达量在不同光周期组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。免疫组织化学染色结果显示,长光照组下丘脑室周核的MT1阳性细胞数明显较短光照组少69.4%（P<0.05）,较对照组少37.3%（P<0.05）,短光照组比对照组显著多104.8%（P<0.05）;同样,长光照组室旁核的MT1阳性细胞数明显较短光照组少52.9%（P<0.05）,对照组明显较短光照组少55.8%（P<0.05）,而长光照组与对照组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。在垂体,短光照组的MT1 mRNA表达量比长光照组显著高164%（P<0.05）,比对照组显著高49.5%（P<0.05）,而长光照组比对照组显著低43.5%（P<0.05）;但不同光周期下MT2 mRNA表达量差异不显著（P>0.05）;长光照组的卵巢MT1 mRNA表达量较对照组低33.3%（P<0.05）,较短光照组低53.6%（P<0.05）,短光照组与对照组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;卵巢中短光照组MT2的mRNA相对表达量比对照组显著高90.0%（P<0.05）,比长光照组显著高100%（P<0.05）,长光照组与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。短光照周期显著提高了下丘脑、垂体和卵巢中褪黑激素受体亚型MT1表达,而不是MT2受体亚型。光照周期调控母兔发情的作用机制可能是褪黑激素通过MT1受体途径实现的。     

鲤脑垂体匀浆液和人绒毛膜促性腺激_省略_性腺激素及性类固醇激素含量的影响

雄鳗注射５－６次、雌鳗注射９－１０次鲤脑体匀浆液（ＣＰＥ）＋人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ＨＣＧ）能分别诱导精巢和卵巢发育成熟。在雌雄鳗鲡,注射ＣＰＥ＋ＨＣＧ可显著增加端脑、间脑、中脑和下丘脑ｍＧｎＲＨ的含量,而对后脑和延髓ｍＧｎＲＨ的影响较小;注射ＣＰＥ＋ＨＣＧ增加雄鳗后脑和延髓ｃＧｎＲＨ－Ⅱ含量,对雌鳗脑区ｃＧｎＲＨ－Ⅱ则无显著影响。雌雄鳗鲡每次注射ＣＰＥ＋ＨＣＧ后１天,血清促性腺激素（ＧｔＨ）急剧上升     

Ovulation induction in northern pike Esox lucius L. using different GnRH analogues, Ovaprim, Dagin and carp pituitary

The traditional GnRH analogue treatments applying the chemicals in pure form proved to be ineffective in inducing ovulation in northern pike (Esox lucius L). Neither mGnRHa ([D‐Ala⁶, Pro⁹NEt]‐mGnRH) nor sGnRHa ([D‐Arg⁶, Pro⁹‐Net]‐sGnRH) administered alone or together with pimozide (mGnRHa), metoclopramide (mGnRHa) or domperidone (sGnRHa) induced ovulation in females, whereas in groups receiving a carp pituitary injection most females ovulated. Spawning‐inducing agent Dagin did not induce ovulation, whereas all but one female ovulated in the carp pituitary‐treated group. Treatment with another preparation, Ovaprim, resulted in similar or lower ovulation ratio than treatment with carp pituitary. After the Ovaprim treatment, time to ovulation was not as predictable as after the carp pituitary injection. The mean fertilization rate was relatively low and similar in the groups treated with Ovaprim (54.7 ± 12.3% and 58.7 ± 19.1% for the first and second experiment respectively) and with carp pituitary (53.7 ± 10.5% and 58.9 ± 14.9%). The mean pseudogonadosomatic index (PGSI) was also similar between the Ovaprim‐treated group (14.5 ± 6.1%) and the carp pituitary‐treated one (17.9 ± 4.1%). In the present experiments, treatment with Ovaprim was less effective than that with carp pituitary.     

长薄鳅脑垂体的组织学和组织化学研究

采用四种染色方法对长薄鳅脑垂体的形态结构和各种激素分泌细胞的分布进行了研究。结果表明：长薄鳅脑垂体由神经垂体和腺垂体构成。腺垂体可分为前外侧部（RPD）、中外侧部（PPD）和垂体中间部（PI）。腺垂体中可分辨出7种激素分泌细胞,其中前外侧部有促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）分泌细胞、催乳激素（PRL）分泌细胞和生长激素（GH）分泌细胞,中外侧部有促性腺激素（GTH）分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素（TSH）分泌细胞和生长激素（GH）分泌细胞,中间部包括促黑色素细胞刺激激素（MSH）分泌细胞和PAS阳性细胞。     

中华鳖脑垂体的显微与超微结构观察

为了探讨中华鳖脑垂体的组织结构及其季节性变化,采用H.E染色、三色染色和免疫组织化学染色法在光镜下观察中华鳖脑垂体的显微结构,结合电镜对鳖脑垂体进行超微显微观察。结果发现中华鳖脑垂体同样分为神经垂体和腺垂体,但是缺乏中间部。腺垂体包括结节部和远侧部,远侧部可分头叶和尾叶两部分,头叶大于尾叶,神经部很小。腺垂体中的细胞可分为嗜酸性细胞、嗜碱性细胞和嫌色细胞,各类细胞的分布和形态有明显区别。免疫组化染色证明促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)细胞密集分布于结节部,在远侧部也有零星分布;促性腺激素(GTH)细胞和生长激素(GH)细胞数量在繁殖季节明显多于冬季。电镜下根据细胞大小、细胞核的形状和胞质中分泌颗粒特征可将腺垂体中的细胞分为GH细胞、ACTH细胞、GTH细胞、催乳激素(LTH)细胞、促甲状腺激素(TSH)细胞和嫌色细胞。在这些细胞间有明显的细胞连接。细胞形态和数量在繁殖季节和冬季有明显变化。     

甲低大鼠垂体前叶内IFN-γ样免疫反应阳性物质的表达

应用免疫组织化学(SP)法结合H2O2-DAB黄色呈色法进行显色。IFN-γ样免疫反应阳性物质位于细胞的胞浆内,其阳性细胞只分布于垂体前叶,而后叶和中间部未见免疫反应阳性物质;对照组均未发现免疫反应阳性细胞。甲状腺素低下可以诱导大鼠垂体前叶内IFN-γ样免疫阳性物质的表达,提示甲状腺素低下会影响垂体前叶的内分泌功能。