二甲基二碳酸盐对荔枝汁的杀菌效果 及其耐受菌的分离鉴定

研究了处理温度和时间对二甲基二碳酸盐（DMDC）在新鲜荔枝汁中杀菌效果的影响,并测定了新鲜荔 枝汁经DMDC 处理后在4益贮藏期间微生物的动态变化。结果发现,提高温度能提高DMDC 的杀菌速率,缩短杀菌 时间,但不能提高总的杀菌效果。4益的荔枝汁添加DMDC 12 h后,酵母菌已经被完全杀灭,菌落总数、乳酸菌数和霉 菌数分别降低至3.73、2.6 和0.3 个对数。DMDC 处理后残留的污染菌采用16S 或18S rDNA 法进行鉴定后发现其主 要是芽孢杆菌属、毛霉属和明串珠菌属菌株,其中明串珠菌属是优势菌群。DMDC 处理后的荔枝汁在4益贮藏期间, 残留的明串珠菌能表现出生长,贮藏40 d后,其菌数将达到5个对数以上,会对荔枝汁的营养和风味产生影响。     

60Coγ射线对新城疫病毒、H9N2亚型禽流感病毒和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的灭活研究

用⁶⁰Coγ射线对不同状态不同体积的鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)、H9N2亚型禽流感(H9N2 AIV)和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)进行辐照,研究⁶⁰Coγ射线对灭活疫苗中病毒的灭活效果。结果表明,6.0 kGy ⁶⁰Coγ射线辐照对冷冻和液态下5000和10000 mL的NDV、H9N2亚型AIV和PRRSV均不能灭活,辐照后NDV和H9N2亚型AIV冷冻尿囊液的HA效价降低而液态尿囊液的HA效价升高;液态下,⁶⁰Coγ射线能够灭活250 mL细胞培养液中的PRRSV,不能灭活250、5000和10000 mL尿囊液中的NDV和H9N2 AIV,250 mL与5000、10000 mL的NDV HA效价间差异显著(P＜0.05)。⁶⁰Coγ射线辐照对液态的PRRSV细胞培养液灭活效果良好,有望用于灭活苗的病毒灭活。     

A Cytotoxic Porphyrin from North Pacific Brittle Star Ophiura sarsii

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the deadliest form of gynecological tumors currently lacking targeted therapies. The ethanol extract of the North Pacific brittle star Ophiura sarsii presented promising anti-TNBC activities. After elimination of the inert material, the active extract was submitted to a bioguided isolation approach using high-resolution semipreparative HPLC-UV, resulting in one-step isolation of an unusual porphyrin derivative possessing strong cytotoxic activity. HRMS and 2D NMR resulted in the structure elucidation of the compound as (3S,4S)-14-Ethyl-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,8,13,18-tetramethyl-20-oxo-3-phorbinepropanoic acid. Never identified before in Ophiuroidea, porphyrins have found broad applications as photosensitizers in the anticancer photodynamic therapy. The simple isolation of a cytotoxic porphyrin from an abundant brittle star species we describe here may pave the way for novel natural-based developments of targeted anti-cancer therapies.     

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Study of Bacterial Recovery Viability and Potential Development of Resistance after Treatment

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged in the clinical field as a potential alternative to antibiotics to treat microbial infections. No cases of microbial viability recovery or any resistance mechanisms against it are yet known. 5,10,15-tris(1-Methylpyridinium-4-yl)-20-(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin triiodide (Tri-Py⁺-Me-PF) was used as photosensitizer. Vibrio fischeri and recombinant Escherichia coli were the studied bacteria. To determine the bacterial recovery after treatment, Tri-Py⁺-Me-PF (5.0 μM) was added to bacterial suspensions and the samples were irradiated with white light (40 W m⁻²) for 270 minutes. Then, the samples were protected from light, aliquots collected at different intervals and the bioluminescence measured. To assess the development of resistance after treatment, bacterial suspensions were exposed to white light (25 minutes), in presence of 5.0 μM of Tri-Py⁺-Me-PF (99.99% of inactivation) and plated. After the first irradiation period, surviving colonies were collected from the plate and resuspended in PBS. Then, an identical protocol was used and repeated ten times for each bacterium. The results suggest that aPDT using Tri-Py⁺-Me-PF represents a promising approach to efficiently destroy bacteria since after a single treatment these microorganisms do not recover their viability and after ten generations of partially photosensitized cells neither of the bacteria develop resistance to the photodynamic process.     

豚鼠气单胞菌超声灭活PEG结合疫苗的制备及免疫效果

以超声波瞬间高温、高压及剪切力作为灭活方式,用聚乙二醇(PEG)作为超声介质及疫苗载体,将豚鼠气单胞菌制成PEG结合疫苗。该疫苗与传统疫苗分别经腹腔注射免疫接种锦鲤成鱼,经检测血细胞吞噬百分率、吞噬指数、抗菌活力、抗体效价及免疫保护力等指标,评价疫苗效果。结果表明PEG6000作为结合剂制备的疫苗其各指标和绝对值全部高于其他试验组。PEG6000疫苗免疫保护力相比也最高,达到80%,高于传统灭活疫苗267个百分点,说明PEG6000作为结合剂制备的疫苗效果最好。     

大鲵虹彩病毒β-丙内酯灭活方法的研究

为探讨β-丙内酯(β-propiolactone,BPL)灭活大鲵虹彩病毒(Giant salamander iridovirus,GSIV)的最适条件,研究了BPL对GSIV的灭活方法。采用终浓度分别为0.025%、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%的BPL灭活细胞培养的GSIV,4℃条件下分别灭活24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h,通过细菌培养、细胞培养、病毒核酸PCR扩增以及鱼体感染试验进行灭活病毒的安全性检验,确定最适灭活条件。试验结果表明,GSIV经终浓度为0.1%的BPL 4℃灭活处理72 h后可完全灭活病毒,灭活病毒无细菌污染,接种对GSIV敏感的鲤上皮瘤细胞系(EPC)细胞无细胞病变效应(CPE)出现,病毒主衣壳蛋白(MCP)基因特异性引物PCR反应未扩增出靶基因产物,灭活病毒对健康大鲵的感染试验未出现疾病症状。灭活效果检测结果表明,与未灭活GSIV相比较,最适灭活条件下的GSIV结构蛋白与抗原性未发生显著变化。结论显示BPL可用来灭活GSIV,本研究确立了BPL灭活GSIV的最适条件,为大鲵虹彩病毒细胞培养灭活疫苗研究奠定了重要基础。     

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish by‐products is inactivated with inorganic acid (pH 1) and base (pH 12)

The aquaculture industry needs a simple, inexpensive and safe method for the treatment of fish waste without heat. Microbial inactivation by inorganic acid (HCl) or base (KOH) was determined using infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) as a model organism for fish pathogens. Salmonella and spores of Clostridium perfringens were general hygiene indicators in supplementary examinations. IPNV, which is considered to be among the most chemical‐ and heat‐resistant fish pathogens, was reduced by more than 3 log in 4 h at pH 1.0 and pH 12.0. Salmonella was rapidly inactivated by the same treatment, whereas spores of C. perfringens were hardly affected. The results indicate that low and high pH treatment could be particularly suitable for fish waste destined for biogas production. pH treatment at aquaculture production sites could reduce the spread of fish pathogens during storage and transportation without disturbing the anaerobic digestion process. The treatment could also be an alternative to the current energy‐intensive steam pressure sterilization of fish waste to be used by the bioenergy, fertilizer and soil improver industries.     

食品中酶的微波钝化机制研究进展

微波钝酶较传统热钝酶具有钝酶效率高、营养物质损失少等优势,近年来,国内外关于微波钝酶机制的研究报道很多,但研究结论具有很大的差异性。就近年 来与食品中酶的微波钝化机制有关的研究,从酶分子结构和酶动力学性质两个角度进行了综述总结,并论述了微波钝酶研究中所使用的微波试验装备的发展过 程,以期为食品中酶的微波钝化微观机制的深入研究提供参考。     

Mechanism-based CYP2D6 inactivation by acridone alkaloids of Indonesian medicinal plant Lunasia amara

Fourteen acridone alkaloids isolated from Lunasia amara Blanco were tested for their mechanism-based inhibition on human liver microsomal dextromethorphan O-demethylation activity, a prototype marker for cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). Among the 14 compounds, 5-hydroxygraveroline (1), 8-methoxyifflaiamine (2), lunamarine (3), and lunine (12) increased their inhibitory activity with increasing preincubation time. Then, we further examined the possibility of mechanism-based inhibition on 5-hydroxygraveroline (1) and lunamarine (3), which showed the potent inhibition. Further investigations on 1 and 3 showed that the characteristic time- and concentration-dependent inhibition, which required a catalytic step with NADPH, was not protected by nucleophiles, and was decreased by the presence of a competitive inhibitor. Thus, 1 and 3 were concluded as mechanism-based inactivators of CYP2D6.     

生物炭配施石灰降低稻米镉和铅积累的效果

为了解生物炭与石灰配合施用对降低稻米中重金属积累的效果,选择了两种酸度差异较大的重金属污染土壤(微酸性土和酸性土),分别设置了6个生物炭(BC)与石灰(LM)不同用量比例的水稻盆栽试验(包括0.00? 0.00%LM、0.40? 0.00%LM、0.30? 0.10%LM、0.20? 0.20%LM、0.10? 0.30%LM和0.00? 0.40%LM等处理),分析了稻米中镉和铅的积累及土壤中有效态镉和铅含量及镉和铅的化学形态组成。结果表明,等质量施用情况下,石灰比例越高施用后土壤pH值提升越大。对降低土壤中有效态镉和铅含量及稻米中镉和铅的积累以处理0.20? 0.20%LM(微酸性土)或0.10? 0.30%LM(酸性土)为最佳。对于土壤养分的维持而言,生物炭优于石灰的施用。综合降低稻米重金属镉和铅积累及改良土壤效果,生物炭与石灰配合施用好于石灰或生物炭的单独施用。