新疆部分地区牛结核病PPD监测与分析

2001年-2003年对新疆部分地区（巴州、阿克苏、博州、伊犁、昌吉、塔城和石河子）牛结核病用“提纯结核茵素皮内变态反应”进行调查,调查数据用SPSS软件统计建立模型,显示2001年-2003年七地州检测牛只分别为16793,21153头和43951头,阳性率分别为0．46％,0．33％和0．57％。其中,巴州地区阳性率明显偏高。昌吉和石河子地区2001年-2002年保持一个较低的水平,2003年牛结核病的阳性率较前两年升高了1％。     

山羊痘血清学诊断技术研究

本实验研制了山羊痘的五种血清学检测方法并进行了比较分析，结果表明：琼脂凝胶扩散试验（AGP）适于基层兽医开展山羊痘病例的诊断，对流免疫电泳技术（CIE）能提高对抗原或抗体的分辨能力，荧光抗体技术（FAT）能对感染细胞进行山羊痘病毒定位检测，反向间接血凝试验（RPHA）主要用于临床痘疹痂皮和感染细胞中山羊痘抗原的定量测定，而正向间接血凝试验（IHA）不失为一种山羊痘抗体的最佳监测方法。     

磷矿周围环境砷污染情况调查

调查磷矿周围环境和畜禽组织砷含量,为掌握磷矿区周围畜禽产品安全提供依据。采用原子吸收光谱法进行测定。结果表明,环境中砷含量从高到低依次为水体、白菜、土壤、大米、玉米、牧草,而辣椒和萝卜未检出砷;鸡内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肾脏、肺脏、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肌肉;鸭内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肾脏、肝脏、肺脏、肌肉、脾脏、心脏;猪内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肠、肾脏、肝脏、脾脏,而心脏、肺脏和肌肉未检出。说明磷矿周围饲养的畜禽存在砷污染现象。     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF LARYNGOHYOID POSITION AS A PREDICTOR OF DORSAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE SOFT PALATE IN HORSES

Dorsal displacement of the soft palate is an important cause of poor performance in racehorses, yet its etiology is not fully understood. Diagnosis requires treadmill videoendoscopy, which is not widely available. The relationship of the larynx, the hyoid apparatus, and the remainder of the skull may be important in predisposing horses to dorsal displacement of the soft palate. We hypothesized that this relationship could be accurately assessed in unsedated horses through ultrasonographic examination. Fifty-six racehorses presented for evaluation of poor performance were subjected to treadmill videoendoscopy and resting ultrasonography. Using ultrasound-assisted percutaneous measures of laryngo-hyoid position, the relationship between selected anatomic structures and the occurrence of dorsal displacement of the soft palate was evaluated. A significant relationship was found between the depth of the basihyoid bone at rest and the occurrence of dorsal displacement of the soft palate at exercise ( P =0.03). Other measures of laryngohyoid position were not found to be associated with dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Thus, there is an association between the occurrence of dorsal displacement of the soft palate at exercise and the resting position of the basihyoid bone, whereby on average a more ventral location of the basihyoid bone is present in horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate. The pathophysiologic implications of this finding are not fully understood but, based on our findings, ultrasound examination is of value in assisting in the diagnosis of dorsal displacement of the soft palate.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病快速诊断试纸条的研制及特性测定

以高亲和力和高特异性IBDV单克隆抗体为基础,成功的研制出IBDV快速诊断试纸条,试验结果表明IBD试纸与鸡的NDV、ALV、EDS-76、IBV、ILTV、MDV无交叉反应。IBD试纸条具有良好的特异性和敏感性,其敏感性与琼扩试验相比,则提高了32—64倍,能够识别不同的IBDV毒株包括强毒和弱毒。与ELISA的阳性符合率为100％。对于人工感染IBDV鸡,感染后36h在感染鸡的法氏囊即可检出IBDV,从检测到获得结果仅需要1-2min,IBD试纸具有特异、敏感、快速、简单等特点,不需要任何专业技能和其他试剂,实现了鸡病诊断的一步法。     

南方早熟砂梨缺镁黄叶症诊断与矫治

通过对福建省德化县早熟砂梨“黄叶病株”及“正常植株”叶片及土壤的营养诊断分析：黄叶病株叶片平均含镁量0.131%,极显著低于正常植株0.328%;黄叶症较重的果园土壤交换态镁含量低12.6～24.5㎎/㎏及土壤酸性强pH3.6～4.5,诊断结论砂梨叶片黄化现象为镁素缺乏所致。矫治试验效果,叶面喷施1%硝酸镁3次,可以叶色转绿;12月份土壤基施钙镁磷肥株1.3 kg,翌年5月份后有明显矫治效果。     

Growth,Meat Yield,and Economic Responses of Broilers Provided Three- and Four-Phase Schedules Formulated to Moderate and High Nutrient Density During a Fifty-Six-Day Production Period

This study examined growth responses and meat yield of broilers provided a 3- or 4-phase feeding schedule formulated to moderate or high nutrient density. Four dietary treatments were implemented consisting of high or moderate nutrient density diets that were provided for the duration of 3 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, and 36 to 56 d) or 4 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, 36 to 46, and 47 to 56 d).Provision of a 3-phase schedule did not alter growth performance, meat yield, or diet cost per final BW. Broilers receiving high nutrient diets had improved growth rate and feed conversion from 1 to 35 d. In the 3-phase schedule, birds given the high nutrient density diets had advantages in BW gain and pectoralis minor breast weight. Market changes in meat prices impact differences in gross feeding margins between diets formulated to high or moderate nutrient density more than variation in diet cost.     

Growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and fecal microbial composition of weaned pigs fed multi-enzyme supplemented diets

A study determined the effects of supplementing corn-based diets for weaned pigs with multi-enzymes on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, fecal score, and fecal microbial composition. A total of 132 pigs (initial body weight = 7.23 kg) that had been weaned at 21 d of age and fed a drug-free nursery diet for 7 d were housed in 33 pens of 4 barrows or gilts, blocked by body weight and gender, and fed 3 experimental diets at 11 pens per diet. The diets were corn-based diet without or with multi-enzyme A or B. Multi-enzyme A supplied 4,000 U of xylanase, 150 U of β-glucanase, 3,500 U of protease, and 1,500 U of amylase per kilogram of diet. Multi-enzyme B was the same as multi-enzyme A except that it supplied amylase at 150 U/kg, and that its source of amylase was different from that of multi-enzyme A. All diets contained phytase at 1,000 U/kg. The diets were fed for 35 d in 2 phases; phase 1 for the first 14 d and phase 2 for the last 21 d of the trial. Fecal score was determined daily during the first 7 d of the trial. Fecal samples were collected from rectum of 1 pig per pen on days 2, 7, 14, and 35 of the trial for determining bacterial composition. Also, fresh fecal samples were collected from each pen on days 41 and 42 to determine ATTD of nutrients. Multi-enzyme B increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) for phases 1 and 2. For the overall study period, multi-enzyme B increased (P < 0.05) ADG from 262 to 313 g, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) from 419 to 504 g. Multi-enzyme A increased (P < 0.05) overall ADG from 262 to 290 g, but did not affect ADFI. Multi-enzyme A or B did not affect ATTD of gross energy, but increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of ether extract from 30% to 36% or 37%, respectively. Multi-enzyme A did not affect fecal score; however, multi-enzyme B tended to decrease (P = 0.09) fecal score, implying that it tended to decrease diarrhea. Firmicutes were the most abundant phylum of fecal bacteria (its relative abundance ranged from 58% to 72%). Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the 2nd and 3rd most abundant phyla of fecal bacteria. Neither multi-enzyme affected fecal bacterial composition. In conclusion, the addition of multi-enzyme A or B to phytase-supplemented corn-based diet for weaned pigs can improve their growth performance and fat digestibility. However, multi-enzyme B was more effective than multi-enzyme A in terms of improving the growth performance of weaned pigs fed corn-based diet.     

酶免疫分析测定法诊断奶牛早期妊娠诊断的研究与应用进展

介绍了酶免疫分析测定法的概念、种类、作用机理,及其在奶牛早期妊娠诊断的研究应用和孕酮酶免疫试剂盒的研究与应用。     

布鲁氏菌病诊断方法的研究进展

近年来,布鲁氏菌病疫情在人、畜间呈逐年上升的趋势。不仅严重地威胁着人类健康,还影响着国民经济持续快速发展,成为世界性公共卫生问题。文章概述了目前中国动物布鲁氏菌病主要的实验室诊断方法以及国内外在本病诊断技术方面所取得的新进展,为中国研究更为快速、敏感、易于操作的布鲁氏菌病诊断技术提供参考,为快速、精确地诊断本病提供技术支持,以有效地防控本病。