四川农业大学雅安校区鸟类群落结构分析

2009年11月至2010年11月,采用样线法对四川农业大学(雅安校区)的鸟类群落多样性进行了调查,共记录鸟类67种,隶属11目35科,在群落组成上雀形目鸟类占73.13%,在居留型上留鸟占64.18%。鸟类多样性夏季高于冬季,且在不同生境间变化明显,水体及周边区域相对较高。另外,通过对[树]麻雀(Passer montanus)等10种校园优势种生态位宽度及生态位重叠指数的测算发现,[树]麻雀、白鹡鸰(Motacilla alba)、白鹭(Egrettagarzetta)具有最大的生态位宽度,大山雀(Parus major)、红头[长尾]山雀(Aegithalos concinnus)、白头鹎(Pycnon-otus sinensis)之间生态位重叠最为明显。     

果园鸟害防治

近年来鸟类对果园的危害日益加剧,影响了水果的产量和质量,造成了严重的经济损失。现介绍了果园中害鸟的种类以及为害方式,并根据国内外相关研究较完整地阐述了果园害鸟的防治方法,如声音驱鸟法、视觉驱鸟法、设网保护法等物理防治方法和以氨茴酸甲酯为药剂的化学防治方法,为果农进行害鸟防治提供了综合参考。     

Antibody prevalence of low-pathogenicity avian influenza and evaluation of management practices in Minnesota backyard poultry flocks

Low‐pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses have caused illness in poultry and humans with poultry contact. To determine whether there is evidence of exposure to avian influenza viruses (AIV) among backyard poultry in Minnesota and their human caretakers, 150 flocks of backyard birds were sampled for antibodies to AIV from August 2007 through December 2008. One hundred flocks were tested through routine slaughter surveillance by the Minnesota Board of Animal Health and an additional 50 flocks were contacted and sampled by study investigators. Blood was collected from 10 to 13 birds from each flock and a survey of biosecurity and management practices was administered to the flock owner. Blood samples were tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) for influenza A antibodies. Tested flocks had a median flock size of 100 birds (range: 12–800 birds), and were most commonly owned for meat for personal use (81% of respondents), fun or hobby (58%) and eggs for personal use (56%). Although 7% of flock owners reported that their birds had shown respiratory signs in the previous 3 months, only 1 of 150 flocks tested positive for influenza by AGID. Antibodies to LPAI H6N1 were detected in the positive flock. The owner of the positive flock did not have antibodies to H6 or other common AIV. Based on the findings of this study, the risk of transmission of LPAI viruses from backyard poultry to owners in Minnesota appears to be low under current conditions and management practices.     

Association of wild bird density and farm management factors with the prevalence of E. coli O157 in dairy herds in Ohio (2007-2009)

Our objective was to determine the role that European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) play in the epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy cattle. We visited 150 dairy farms in Ohio twice during summer and fall months from 2007 to 2009. Fresh faecal pats from 30 lactating cows were collected during each visit. Information on farm management and environmental variables was gathered through a questionnaire administered to the farm owner. The number of starlings observed on the farm was also recorded. Approximately 1% of dairy cattle and 24% of farms were positive for E. coli O157. Risk factors associated with the presence of E. coli O157 in faecal pats included contact between adult cattle and calves, types or number of ventilation and manure management systems and number of birds per milking cow.     

洛阳地区犬皮肤病发病情况调查分析

犬皮肤病是宠物临床最常见的疾病之一,严重危害着宠物的健康。论文通过对洛阳地区宠物门诊诊治的144例犬皮肤病的调查分析,总结洛阳地区皮肤病的常见病原、发病原因以及发病规律,为犬皮肤病的防治与研究提供参考。     

雾化吸入疗法在宠物疾病临床中的应用

雾化吸入疗法是当今兽医临床较为理想的一种给药途径。介绍了该疗法在治疗犬、猫等宠物疾病中的适应症及其药物的选择,以及在应用时注意的事项,从而使雾化吸入疗法能够在犬、猫等宠物临床疾病治疗中发挥更好的作用。     

犬类诱食剂中酶解反应与美拉德反应最佳条件优化研究

试验旨在开发一款适用于干犬粮的诱食剂,研究犬类诱食剂中酶解反应与美拉德反应的最佳条件.试验选用鸡胸肉、鸡心、鸡肝为主要原料,采用木瓜蛋白酶进行水解,在酶解液中添加木糖和L-半胱氨酸,利用美拉德反应产物制备适合犬类的诱食剂.采用单因素和正交试验,以水解度为考核指标,研究水解反应过程;通过感官评价及动物试验探索最佳美拉德反...     

Esophagostomy Feeding Tube Use and Placement in Exotic Pets

Providing enteral nutrition to injured or ill exotic animal patients by means of assisted feedings minimizes catabolism and gastrointestinal morbidity associated with anorexia, while optimizing immune system and organ function, and providing nutritional precursors necessary for healing. When determining the nutritional needs of a debilitated animal, it is important to account for both metabolic rate and energy requirements. Providing enteral nutrition via a feeding tube utilizes the functional gastrointestinal tract in patients that cannot or will not eat. Additionally, administration of food through a feeding tube is significantly less stressful for patients than restraint and syringe feeding. Feeding tube placement should be considered in any animal where the stress associated with syringe feeding is likely to result in significant morbidity or when the need for an extended period of assisted feeding is required.     

Vascular Diseases in Birds of Prey

In birds of prey, vascular disease can be caused by a number of infectious or noninfectious agents and is in all likelihood underdiagnosed. This review attempts to provide a discussion of the available literature regarding vascular diseases in raptors by describing a number of conditions or etiological agents (e.g., atherosclerosis, aneurysms, bacterial and septicemic conditions, thromboembolic disease, and viral, fungal, parasitic, and miscellaneous diseases) and the vascular pathology that may occur with each.     

Seed removal by ants,birds and rodents in a woodland savanna habitat in Zimbabwe

Seed removal from bait stations was studied in miombo habitat in western Zimbabwe. Previous studies of seed predation in southern Africa have largely been conducted in desert ecosystems. However, this woodland-savanna habitat is more mesic and has relatively predictable rainfall patterns. The experiment was conducted in grassy and woody microhabitats in the hot, dry season and early wet season, and followed a year in which precipitation was 69% of the long-term average. Birds removed the greatest quantity of seeds, followed by ants and then rodents. Previous studies in northern hemisphere mesic environments emphasize the importance of rodents and minor role of invertebrates in seed predation. Although our site appears to have more in common with southern hemisphere desert sites than with northern hemisphere mesic sites, we recognize thatour results are likely to reflect a lower limit of consumption by rodents.