Antioxidant properties of blackberry and blueberry fruits grown in the Black Sea Region of Turkey

Seven wild and ten cultivated blackberries (Arapaho, Bartin, Black Satin, Bursa 1, Bursa 2, Cherokee, Chester, Jumbo, Navaho, and Ness), and six lowbush (Vaccinium arctostaphylos) and four highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum) blueberries fruits (Ivanhoe, Jersey, Northland, and Rekord) were analyzed for total anthocyanins, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in this study. The respective ranges of total anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of the tested samples were: blackberries, 0.95–1.97 and 1.73–3.79 mg g⁻¹ and blueberries, 0.18–2.94 and 0.77–5.42 mg g⁻¹. FRAP values varied from 35.05 to 70.41 μmol g⁻¹ for blackberries, 7.41 to 57.92 μmol g⁻¹ for blueberries. Wild blackberries had the highest FRAP values while wild blueberries had the highest total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents. A linear relationship was observed between FRAP values and total phenolics for blueberries (r = 0.981). The anthocyanin pigments in samples were isolated and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV–visible detection. Cyn-3-glu was the predominant anthocyanin in all blackberry fruits.     

Selection of taxa as indicators of river and freshwater wetland quality in the UK

• 1. To assess the efficacy of environmental management policies and practices, there is a progressive transition from monitoring of activities towards assessment of their outcomes for the environment.
• 2. Population trends of key taxonomic groups can serve as useful indicators of broader environmental integrity and health. Several necessary and desirable criteria for selecting meaningful and suitable indicators are discussed. The attributes of a range of taxa and survey methods used for their assessment are discussed with reference to these criteria.
• 3. Survey methods, data holdings and analytical methods for populations of wild birds at present provide a good basis for developing indicators of the quality of fresh waters at a landscape scale. Other taxa are not necessarily any less appropriate; however, survey design and data representativeness are often limiting factors to the use of other taxa for assessing geographic and temporal trends.
• 4. Taxonomic science and ecological monitoring are necessary for determining society' progress with sustainable development and for informing appropriate enhancements to policy and management practice, particularly so for fresh waters.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长沙黑麋峰冬季鸟类资源调查及多样性分析

通过对黑麋峰森林公园鸟类资源的初步调查,共鉴定鸟类28种,隶属于5个目,15个科,25个属。公园内的Shannon-Wiener指数为0.864 6,均匀度指数为0.597 5。同时,用G-F指数对该地区鸟类的科与属的多样性指数进行了分析,得出G指数为1.374 5,F指数为1.586 2,G-F指数为0.133 5。与湖南其它几个地区的鸟类多样性相比,黑麋峰的鸟类多样性较低,并进一步分析了其鸟类多样性低的原因。     

浙江江山市林区食虫鸟类初步调查

本文报道了1987～1989年在江山市林区鸟类调查的初步结果。记录鸟类102种,隶属12目29科。留鸟52种,冬候鸟32种,夏候鸟18种。其中重要的食虫鸟类有46种,值得很好保护,特别是在该区繁殖的鸟类。文末记述了6种鸟巢。     

北方森林动物园观赏鸟类寄生蠕虫的调查研究

为了解北方森林动物园观赏鸟类寄生蠕虫的感染情况,于2006年3～6月采用饱和盐水漂浮法和水洗沉淀法对园内12科158只观赏鸟的粪便进行了蠕虫虫卵检查,结果有32只鸟检出虫卵,感染率为20.3%,雉科、鹤科和鸭科的感染率分别为60%、35.7%和18.5%,检出的虫卵为蛔虫、毛细线虫和棘口吸虫卵。该调查为动物园制定鸟类驱虫方案奠定了基础。     

宠物犬源沙门氏菌和葡萄球菌耐药性及耐药基因检测

【目的】了解新疆乌鲁木齐市宠物犬源沙门氏菌和葡萄球菌的耐药性及耐药基因携带情况。【方法从77份宠物犬直肠粪便样品中分离沙门氏菌和葡萄球菌,采用琼脂稀释法对分离的菌株进行药敏试验,通过PCR方法对沙门氏菌6类23种耐药基因和葡萄球菌5类9种耐药基因进行检测。【结果】从77份宠物犬粪便样品中分离到沙门氏菌36株,葡萄球菌75株。除头孢噻呋、安普霉素、阿米卡星、硫酸庆大霉素和多黏菌素外,宠物犬源沙门氏菌对其他被捡抗菌药物的耐药率高达97.0%以上,多重耐药以8耐为主,tetB、blaTEM、blaOXA、qnrS、oqxA、oqxB、aac(6′)-Ib-cr、ant(3″)-Ia和floR基因检出率在97.0%以上。宠物犬源葡萄球菌对左氧氟沙星(93.5%)、苯唑西林(90.7%)和氟苯尼考(82.9%)耐药率在80.0%以上,多重耐药集中在4耐、6耐和9耐,主要检出的基因为fexA(40.0%,30/75)和femA(18.7%,14/75),其次为tetM(16.0%,12/75)、ermB(14.7%,11/75)和mecA(1.3%,1/75)。【结论】宠物犬源沙门氏菌和葡萄球菌耐药情况严重,耐药基因携带率高,使宠物犬的细菌性疾病治疗难度加大,应加强耐药菌的监测,降低宠物犬源耐药菌转移给人的潜在风险。     

精河县荒漠林鼠害猛禽天敌招引初报

设立了栖架和人造巢箱招引猛禽防治荒漠林鼠害，初步结果表明：猛禽对栖架的利用率依季节不同，可达40％～90％．栖架下发现大量猛禽的吐物，其中含有害鼠的骨骼和毛发；至少一种猛禽——红隼(Falco tinnunculus)可在人造巢箱中繁殖：初步调查表明在非繁殖季节，猛禽对栖架的利用表现为广利用、低频率的特点，在繁殖季节则表现为高频率、局限性而形成明显巢区。     

德阳市湿地水鸟资源及保护对策

湿地水鸟是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分，对维持湿地生态系统起着举足轻重的作用。德阳建市20a来，虽曾救护过不少濒危水鸟，但该市的湿地水鸟资源不清。1999年2002年，3次对全市湿地区域内的野生水鸟种类、分布进行了专项调查研究，调查结果显示，德阳市分布有湿地水鸟9目12科42属78种，大多属于旅鸟和候鸟，留鸟甚少，属中日保护协定水鸟50种，中澳保护协定水鸟16种。论文还就保护德阳市湿地水鸟提出了6条建议。为德阳市政府制定保护湿地水鸟规划提供科学依据。     

厦门高崎国际机场鸟类调查及鸟撞防治的对策

厦门机场及周边活动的常见鸟类共有30科，90种，在整个锥形面内对飞机飞行构成危险的鸟类，主要是白鹭Egretta garzetta，中白鹭E.intermedia，普通鸬鹚Phalacrocorax carbo，黑翅鸢Elanus caeruleus，山斑鸠Streptopelia orientalis，家鸽等大型鸟类；根据各种鸟类习性及其栖息生境的特点分析，提出了以鸣枪，放煤气炮等方式驱赶鸟类。改变鸟类栖息生境以降低鸟类的种群数量等防止鸟撞的对策。     

3种检测方法在野鸟禽流感监测中的应用与比较

分别应用血凝抑制试验(HI)、反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)与病毒分离3种检测方法对260份野鸟样品开展禽流感检测。结果表明,用HI方法检出禽流感样品57份,阳性检出率为21.92%;RT-PCR方法没有检出禽流感样品,阳性检出率为0;病毒分离方法检出禽流感样品15份,阳性检出率为5.77%。