厚壳贻贝脂溶性提取物抗炎生物活性研究

    以我国海洋养殖的主要贻贝品种之一厚壳贻贝为材料,通过大鼠棉球肉芽肿和佐剂诱导的关节炎模型研究厚壳贻贝脂溶性提取物的抗炎生物活性.结果表明厚壳贻贝脂溶性提取物具有很强的抗炎生物活性,能显著抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿和大鼠佐剂性关节炎原发性和继发性症状,其抗炎生物活性比新西兰绿唇贻贝脂溶性提取物稍低或与之相当.这为进一步把贻贝作为具有抗炎保健功能的食品或具有自主知识产权的纯天然安全有效的新型抗炎药物开发利用提供了理论基础和依据.     

The Immunoregulation of Mice by Somatic Transgenic Expression of Porcine Interleukin-6 Gene and CpG Sequence

Porcine IL-6 gene and CpG sequences were used to enhance some indirect indicators of the immune response of mice. An indirect ELISA was used to quantify the amount of IgG in the sera from mice that had been inoculated with VPIL-6, a recombinant VR1020 vector into which had been inserted the porcine IL-6 gene cloned in our laboratory, or with CpG, pUC18 or VR1020. The induced bioactivity of IL-2 of lymphocytes in the spleen was assayed by the MTT method, and the proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated with ConA was tested to identify the immune response of the experimental mice. The amount of IgG in the immunized mice was significantly higher than that in the control group. Among the immunized groups, inoculation with VPIL-6 induced the highest content of IgG (p < 0.05), the greatest bioactivity of IL-2 and the greatest proliferation of lymphocytes from the spleen of the mice. These results suggest that inoculation with porcine IL-6 gene and CpG sequences may enhance the immune response of mice, and might be used as an immunoadjuvant.     

Differentiating benign and malignant causes of lymphocytosis in feline bone marrow

Differentiation of benign and malignant causes of lymphocytosis in blood or bone marrow can be problematic. In the present study, reports of examinations of bone marrow from cats, submitted over an 8-year period, were reviewed to identify cats with increased numbers of small lymphocytes. Of 203 reports reviewed, 12 (5.9%) indicated increased numbers of small lymphocytes. Diagnoses for these cats included chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; n = 2), pure red cell aplasia (PRCA; n = 4), immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA; n = 3), thymoma (n = 1), cholangiohepatitis (n = 1), and fever of unknown origin (n = 1). Several factors were identified that could be used to differentiate reactive lymphocytosis from CLL. Cats with CLL tended to be older, and lymphocytes were slightly larger and had cleaved or lobulated nuclei. Reactive lymphocytosis was associated with immune-mediated anemias and inflammatory diseases. In reactive lymphocytosis, the proliferating lymphocytes were organized into lymphoid aggregates in bone marrow and were predominately B cells. Alternatively, in CLL and thymoma, the proliferating lymphocytes were diffusely distributed and were predominately T cells. Therefore, differentiation of the causes of lymphocytosis should include evaluation of signalment, concurrent disease conditions, lymphocyte morphology, lymphocyte distribution in bone marrow, and immunophenotype. Cat age, presence of severe anemia, and evidence of inflammatory disease also should be considered.     

Ultrasonographic size of the canine parathyroid gland may not correlate with histopathology

Accurate ultrasonographic differentiation of normal versus abnormal parathyroid glands is important for clinical workup and presurgical screening in dogs with hypercalcemia. In previous published studies, size has been the only ultrasonographic criterion correlated with histologic diagnoses of abnormal parathyroid glands. In this retrospective, cross‐sectional study, the medical records of dogs with ultrasonographic examinations of the parathyroid glands and histologic diagnoses of parathyroid gland hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma were evaluated. Ultrasonographic characteristics were recorded for each gland and compared among histologic diagnosis groups. A total of 49 dogs and 59 parathyroid glands were sampled and assigned to the following groups for analyses: adenoma (n = 24), hyperplastic (n = 20), and adenocarcinoma (n = 15). There were no associations with dog age, sex, weight, breed; or gland laterality, location, ultrasonographic shape, or echogenicity among histologic diagnosis groups (P > .05). Parathyroid gland adenocarcinomas were found to be less likely to have a homogeneous echotexture on ultrasonographic evaluation, with hyperplastic glands being smaller (P = .022) and adenocarcinomas being larger (P = .042). While 3 mm was the optimum cutoff for differentiating hyperplastic and neoplastic parathyroid glands in this sample of dogs, values varied widely within groups and there were overlapping values between groups. Therefore, authors caution against using ultrasonographic size as a sole criterion for differentiating hyperplasia from neoplasia and normal versus abnormal parathyroid glands.     

紫苏籽提取物对大鼠颈总动脉内膜增生防治作用的研究

[目的]探讨紫苏籽提取物对大鼠颈总动脉内膜增生的防治作用。[方法]将SD大鼠随机分为动物模型组、阿司匹林组和紫苏籽Ⅰ组(0.18 g/kg)、紫苏籽Ⅱ组(0.54 g/kg)和紫苏籽Ⅲ组(1.62 g/kg)。通过建立大鼠颈总动脉内膜增生模型,应用组织学方法研究紫苏籽提取物对大鼠颈总动脉挤压后血管内膜增生的防治效果。[结果]与动物模型组相比,紫苏籽Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组大鼠左侧颈总动脉的完全阻塞发生率明显降低,紫苏籽Ⅲ组大鼠左侧颈总动脉内膜增生明显改善。紫苏籽Ⅲ组血管中膜和内膜面积占有率和管腔面积占有率分别为23.91%和67.50%,与动物模型组差异极显著。[结论]紫苏籽提取物对大鼠颈总动脉内膜增生具有明显的防治效果。     

The USDA trypsin inhibitor study. IV. The chronic effects of soy flour and soy protein isolate on the pancreas in rats after two years

In two year feeding trials, histologic changes in the pancreas of the Wistar rat were evaluated after chronic dietary exposure to raw and heated, dehulled, defatted soy flour and soy protein isolates which provided a range of trypsin inhibitor (TI) concentrations from 93 to 1271 mg/100 g diet. Also investigated was the nutritional interaction of level of dietary protein with the development of pancreatic pathology. Graded levels of TI were achieved from mixtures of raw and heated soy flour or protein isolate. Dietary protein levels were 10%, 20%, and 30%; the two higher levels obtained in some diets through casein supplementation. A total of 26 diets, including casein controls, were fed to groups of 40 male rats. Growth rates with these diets were commensurate with protein quality and level. Mortality rates tended to be slightly greater in the higher protein diets, and rats fed only raw soy as a source of protein survived well.Two lesions, nodular hyperplasia (NH) and acinar adenoma (AA) constituted the major pathological findings in the pancreas, and the incidence rates of both were positively associated with the concentration of dietary TI. The incidences of pancreatic NH and AA compared to those of the corresponding casein control were significantly elevated in rats fed heated soy flour supplying 10% protein and the lowest level of TI investigated (93 mg/100 g diet). At low levels of TI (215 mg/100 g diet), supplementation by casein to raise the concentration of protein from 10% to 20% and 30% reduced the frequency of NH and AA. When the dose-response data for NH and AA was linearized by plotting the probit of percent incidence against log of TI concentration per gram of dietary protein, the response to soy flour and soy protein isolate was not significantly different. Numerous lesions commonly found in the aging rat were diagnosed, and modulation of their rate of occurrence by nutritional factors associated with the diets was apparent in some instances.Reference to a company and/or product named by the Department is only for purposes of information and does not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others which may also be suitable.     

Evaluation of the combined dexamethasone suppression/ thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for detection of pars intermedia pituitary adenomas in horses

BACKGROUND: A combined dexamethasone (DEX) suppression/thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test (DEX/TRH test) has been developed to evaluate horses for presence of a pars intermedia pituitary adenoma (PIPA), but to the authors' knowledge, the accuracy of this test has not been previously determined. HYPOTHESIS: The sensitivity and specificity of the DEX/TRH test can be determined by comparing test results with histopathologic examination findings. ANIMALS: Age of 42 horses of various breeds ranged from 2 to 33 years. METHODS: Plasma cortisol concentration was measured before and 24 hours after IV administration of 40 microg of DEX/kg of body weight, and before and 30 minutes after IV administration of 1 mg of TRH that had been given 3 hours after the injection of DEX. Results of the DEX/TRH test were considered positive if either the plasma cortisol concentration exceeded 10 ng/mL 24 hours after DEX administration, or if the change in plasma cortisol concentration 30 minutes after injection of TRH was > or = 66% above the 3-hour baseline. Diagnosis of PIPA was determined by histologic examination of the pituitary gland. RESULTS: PIPA was detected in 17 of 42 (40%) horses. The DEX/TRH test had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative (NPV) predictive value of 88, 76, 71, and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The combined DEX/TRH test was more sensitive than either of its component tests and had a high NPV, but was not as specific as the TRH component alone (92%). The DEX/TRH test should be used to screen older horses for PIPA.     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF CANINE HEPATIC NODULAR HYPERPLASIA

Hepatic nodular hyperplasia is a benign, usually clinically inapparent, proliferative lesion commonly found at necropsy in older dogs. Three examples of hepatic nodular hyperplasia are described in dogs with clinical signs compatible with hepatic disease in which ultrasonography revealed a variety of echotextural changes in the liver similar to those reported in primary or secondary hepatic neoplasia. In subsequent in vitro ultrasonographic studies of hepatic nodular hyperplasia lesions detected at necropsy in dogs without clinical signs of hepatic disease, only subtle echotextural changes were seen. Hence, hepatic nodular hyperplasia may be inapparent in vivo in many dogs. Hepatic nodular hyperplasia is a potentially confusing sporadic finding which must be considered by ultrasonographers examining dogs with clinical signs of hepatic disease. The diagnosis of hepatic neoplasia should not be made on the basis of ultrasonographic findings alone.     

虹鳟肝脂肪变性病病理学的初步观察

肝脂肪变性病是虹鳟常见的营养缺乏疾病,可使养殖产量罹致重大损失。取虹鳟(Salmo gairdneri)的肝脏和血液进行光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察;血液经常规和生化检验(分析)。石蜡切片病鱼肝细胞大量坏死,结缔组织增生,使肝组织变性破坏,已无法辨认。冰冻切片P.A.S.阴性,空泡中没有脂肪和糖元。电镜扫描与透射观察,病鱼肝细胞坏死,可见大量脂肪滴和空泡。血液常规红血球比数下降,淋巴球数下降,中性白血球和单核球增多。生化指标麝香草酚浊度(TTT)均在2单位以下,麝香草酚絮状(TFT)阴性,谷丙转氨酶(GPT)明显增高;胆固醇下降,血清总蛋白含量下降,白蛋白与球蛋白的比例倒置。