利用探地雷达测定东北黑土层厚度在坡面的空间变化

准确掌握黑土层厚度分布信息对于黑土资源评价和保护具有重要意义。然而,传统土层厚度测定方法包括土壤剖面法、插钎法和钻孔法等对于大范围的土壤厚度测定效率较低且连续性较差。本研究利用探地雷达探测了东北黑土区直型、凸型和凹型3种坡型坡面的黑土层厚度。室内模拟试验对黑土及黄土母质土壤分别设置不同的容重和含水量,探究土壤含水量和容重对土壤介电常数的影响以及探地雷达测定黑土厚度的可行性。野外试验通过开挖剖面和预埋标识物,验证了探地雷达测量黑土厚度的准确性。结果表明：土壤介电常数随容重的增大而增大,随土壤含水量的增加而减小;黑土和黄土母质层土壤含水量、容重和介电常数之间的关系可以用两个对数方程来描述,其精确度为95.26%~99.66%。探地雷达测量黑土厚度与剖面实测厚度相比,精确度为87.05%~95.58%。3个坡面的黑土厚度空间分布不同,且坡脚发生沉积处的黑土厚度较大,坡肩和坡背土壤侵蚀较严重处的黑土厚度较薄。本研究可为进一步探明和保护黑土资源提供一种高效、准确的土壤厚度调查方法。     

RESULTS OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN DOGS WITH SUSPECTED WOODEN FOREIGN BODIES

Detection of wooden foreign bodies in dogs can be challenging. A retrospective, cross‐sectional study was done to describe computed tomographic (CT) signs associated with wooden foreign bodies, and to estimate the accuracy of CT for detection of wooden foreign bodies. Patient records and CT images were reviewed for 72 dogs that had a history of suspected stick injury and CT of the affected body part, or possible wooden foreign object reported on CT, and had surgical exploration during the same period of hospitalization. Duration of clinical signs was acute in 48 (67%) dogs and chronic in 24 (33%). Wood was removed from 55 dogs, including a piece of a tree or shrub in 33 (60%) instances, kebab stick in 8 (15%), piece of bamboo garden cane in 2 (4%), cocktail stick in 2 (4%), thorn in 1 (2%), and unidentified wood in the remaining nine instances. Based on review of CT images with knowledge of the surgical findings, sensitivity of CT for wooden foreign bodies was 79% (95% CI 65%–89%), specificity 93% (78%–98%), positive likelihood ratio 11.5 (2.9–44.1), and negative likelihood ratio 0.23 (0.13–0.41). Wooden foreign bodies were predominantly rectangular or linear, with median length 48 mm (range 2–270 mm), median thickness 3 mm (range 1–22 mm), and median attenuation 111 HU (range ?344 to +640 HU). A CT finding of gas in soft tissues was significantly associated with acute cases, whereas suspected foreign material, cavitary lesions, fat stranding, and periosteal reaction on adjacent bones were associated with chronic cases.     

探地雷达在碎石桩检测中的应用

将探地雷达检测技术应用于碎石桩的质量检测,判定碎石桩的桩身完整性,具有快捷、准确和实时处理及显示的优点。结果表明:该技术可为复合地基的质量检测提供大量相关信息。     

46例穿透性角膜移植术的改进

探讨穿透性角膜移植术全过程中改善移植预后的方法。方法：在４６例穿透性角膜移植过程中,注意手术过程中的各个环节,包括：新鲜或保存良好的供体角膜;手术过程中采用多种方法保护角膜内皮细胞;前取供体植片时前房注入１０ｇ／Ｌ玻璃酸钠,内皮侧冲切制作值入,将植入预预置缝合６针固定于植床再用１０ｇ／Ｌ玻璃酰内及眼用平衡盐溶液形成前房;适时拆线防止排斥反应的发生;及早治疗移植排斥反应。结果：术后随访３－３６个月     

Application of ground‐penetrating radar to determine the thickness of Pleistocene periglacial slope deposits

Wide areas of the mountainous regions of Germany have rock covered by Pleistocene periglacial slope deposits (PPSD), formed by gelifluction during the cold periods of the ice ages in non‐glaciated areas. The PPSD provide the parent material for soil development, and their physical characteristics affect several stabile soil properties. Because the PPSD play a significant ecological role, we studied the spatial distribution and properties of the PPSD in order to assess the distribution of the stabile soil properties. The high stone content of the PPSD greatly hinders augering and digging. Hence, we tested the use of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) as a potentially time‐saving, non‐destructive method to determine the thickness of the PPSD. In several study areas of the Rhenish Massif, GPR investigations of single soil profiles and soil transects along an exposed gas‐pipeline ditch were carried out. The GPR images were compared to the actual thickness of the layers of the PPSD exposed in the profiles and the ditch. In the GPR images usually at least one distinct boundary could be identified, which occurs at the transition between the loose material and the hard rock, mostly ranging between 50 and 150 cm depth. In some cases, in which stone content changed abruptly between different layers of the PPSD, also the boundaries between these layers could be identified in the GPR image. On the other hand, in areas where remnants of the Mesozoic‐Tertiary weathering mantle are preserved, the boundary between the saprolite and the overlying basal layer of the PPSD is ambiguous or not at all visible.     

水田平地机的研制设计

为进一步提高水田平地的效率,设计一种与水田搅浆机配套使用的水田挠性宽幅折叠平地机。介绍该机的总体结构及工作原理,论述调整人土角度机构、挠性梁、平地铲等关键部件的设计思路。机具性能试验结果表明,作业后地面的平整精度能够满足节水灌溉、抑制杂草、机械插秧等农艺要求。     

基于探地雷达和深度学习的果树根径预测方法

针对果树根系相较于果树枝干或冠层难以观察和取样的问题,提出一种基于探地雷达和卷积神经网络的果树根系半径和深度预测方法。首先,使用开源软件gprMax构造所需的探地雷达A-Scan数据集;然后,将输入数据导入注意力模块,对特征信息重新分配权重,突出关键特征对模型的影响;最后,通过卷积层提取特征信息,通过全连接层将前面卷积层所学到的局部特征综合为A-Scan数据的全局特征,完成对根系半径和深度的准确预测。为了证明提出方法的可行性与有效性,在仿真数据和实测数据上分别进行实验。结果表明,该方法可以实现对根系半径和深度的有效预测,其中,在仿真数据上对根系半径预测的最大误差为2.9mm,R2为0.990,均方根误差为0.00068m,深度预测最大误差为11.2mm,R2为0.999,均方根误差为0.0020m;在实测数据上对根系半径预测最大误差为1.56mm,深度预测最大误差为9.90mm,总平均相对误差为5.83%,能够实现对根系半径和深度的准确预测。     

Penetrating injuries of the foot

Penetrating injuries to the foot are potentially serious injuries in the horse. Diagnosis is usually straightforward and a combination of radiography (including positive contrast studies) and synoviocentesis usually is necessary to determine which structures within the foot are involved. Superficial punctures usually carry a good prognosis but involvement of deep structures such as the distal phalanx or deep digital flexor tendon and navicular bursa adversely influence this. Knowledge of wound healing in the foot and a rational approach to antimicrobial selection and surgical intervention are all necessary for successful case management.     

甘肃省几种昆虫病原线虫抗干燥能力测定

对甘肃省8种昆虫病原线虫进行了抗干燥力测定,结果表明:昆虫病原线虫种类不同其抗干燥能力也不同.在25℃、相对湿度50.5% 的小空间控制器中分别处理5h、7h和9h后,斯氏线虫仍具有较高的存活率,而异小杆类线虫几乎全部死亡.经9h干燥处理后锯蜂线虫S.kraussei存活率最高(80.3%),其次为S.bicornutum(73.7%),加水复苏后2种线虫对大蜡螟的致死率均为100%,侵入率分别为16.9%和16.4%.