Liquefaction and FTIR analysis of two desert shrubs Salix psammophila and Caragana intermedia

1 Introduction Desert shrubs are made up of natural composite mate- rials, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Although there are a large number of hydroxyl groups in them, these are not fully used due to the high crys- tallinity of cellulose and tight interconnection among polymeric components in wood (Cheng et al., 2002). Liquefaction of wood is a new technique in wood in- dustries. It is a novel process which effectively con- verts the chemical composition of wood into macro- …     

Use of serial standing computed tomography for diagnosis,treatment and monitoring of a horse with acute myonecrosis of the head

An 11-year-old American Quarter Horse gelding was referred to the JT Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital at Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, for investigation of acute and severe right-sided facial swelling and nasal discharge. Standing computed tomographic (CT) examination of the head identified severe soft tissue swelling surrounding the right mandible, emphysema within the soft tissues tracking along fascial planes and right-sided caudal and rostral maxillary sinusitis. Using CT identification and ultrasound guidance, several targeted fasciotomies were created into the right masseter, cranial cervical musculature, supraorbital space and caudo-medial aspect of the mandible. The right-sided sinusitis was treated by right conchofrontal sinus trephination and lavage. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures obtained from the fasciotomy sites and conchofrontal sinus both yielded Prevotella intermedia and Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus. During hospitalisation, serial, standing CT examinations were performed for monitoring case progression and guiding further fasciotomies in the face of continued myonecrosis. Follow-up CT performed at 1 month showed resolution of the emphysema and presence of chronic right ventral conchal sinusitis. The sinusitis was treated by fenestration of the right ventral concha with a diode laser via the nasal passage.     

荒漠草原人工柠条对冠下蒙古冰草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

本研究以盐池县荒漠草原人工柠条林（Caragana intermedia）为研究对象,将蒙古冰草（Agropyron mongolicum）种子分别播于柠条冠下两侧（东侧SE,西侧SW）及带间（CK）,通过定期观测微气候及蒙古冰草的种子萌发和幼苗生长,探讨人工柠条林对冠下微气候、蒙古冰草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：SW和SE的土壤温度分别为18.57℃和18.51℃,显著低于CK（P<0.05）,空气相对湿度分别为40.73%和34.51%,高于CK;不同微生境条件下蒙古冰草幼苗数均在播种后60 d达到最高,自出苗开始至结束,SW和SE的幼苗数均显著高于CK（P<0.05）,总出苗率分别较CK增加了18.97%和20.00%,存活率分别较CK增加了24.04%和17.34%;自播种后45 d起SW和SE的苗高均显著高于CK（P<0.05）,至90 d时SW和SE的苗高分别达10.19 cm和10.01 cm;冗余分析表明空气相对湿度和土壤有机碳是影响蒙古冰草种子萌发和幼苗生长的主要因子。综上所述,柠条灌丛对蒙古冰草种子萌发和幼苗生长具有一定的保育作用。     

河西走廊荒漠化土壤资源及麻黄草改土培肥效应

论述了河西走廊荒漠化土壤的地理分布、成土条件、理化性质和主要亚类。在灰棕漠土上进行了麻黄草对荒漠化土壤改土培肥效应的研究。结果表明,种植3a麻黄草鲜草产量12.17t/hm2,折干草4.87t/hm2,与CK比较0—20cm土层中自然含水量增加64.29g/kg,>0.25mm团粒结构增加14.31%,总孔度增加11.32%,容重降低0.30g/cm3,pH由8.32降到7.99,全盐含量降低1.72g/kg,脱盐率达到49.85%,有机质、速效N,P,K亦随之增加。     

人工栽培中麻黄对荒漠化土壤理化性质的影响

在河西走廊荒漠化土壤上种植中麻黄,改土培肥效果十分明显。3年生麻黄草鲜草重12.17t/hm2,折干重4.87t/hm2,与CK比较0~20cm土层中自然含水量增加64.29g/kg,>0.25mm团粒结构增加14.31%,总孔隙度增加11.32%,体积质量(容重)降低0.30g/cm3,pH由8.32降到7.99,全盐含量降低1.72g/kg,脱盐率达到49.85%,有机质、速效N、P、K亦随之增加。     

平茬对荒漠草原区人工柠条林地土壤理化性质的影响

平茬措施是提高柠条林地生产力的主要方式,研究平茬措施对人工柠条林地土壤性质的影响,对科学种植人工柠条林具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文以林龄为6a的人工柠条林地为研究对象,通过实验室测定其平茬前后土壤机械组成、水分、pH值、有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量的变化,采用相关分析法分析了平茬前后土壤机械组成与土壤因子之间的相关性。结果表明：平茬措施对人工柠条林地土壤理化性质改变产生积极的影响,平茬后土壤pH值和容重下降,砂粒含量减少,粉、粘粒含量增加,0~5 cm土层有机碳和全氮的含量升高,0~40cm土层土壤水分含量增加,人工柠条林耗水量减少。     

Severe eosinophilic cholangiohepatitis due to fluke infestation in a pony in Scotland

Fasciola hepatica infestation is reported as a cause of severe eosinophilic cholangiohepatitis in a 28‐year‐old Warmblood cross pony gelding. The gelding presented initially for investigation of acute laminitis found to be secondary to pars pituitary intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Six weeks of treatment including administration of pergolide achieved good control of the laminitis but there was a marked general clinical deterioration over this period with notable weight loss, tachycardia, anorexia and ventral oedema. Hepatobiliary enzymes were increased significantly and there was mild elevation of plasma bile acid concentration. An eosinophilia in both blood and peritoneal fluid specimens and histopathological confirmation of an eosinophilic cholangiohepatitis on examination of liver biopsies supported a primary parasitic aetiology. The pony was treated for Fasciola hepatica with triclabendazole 12 mg/kg bwt but clinical signs continued to progress. Due to poor clinical response the pony was subjected to euthanasia and post mortem examination revealed an overwhelming infestation of the biliary tracts with Fasciola hepatica and a secondary chronic and severe cholangiohepatitis with marked fibrosis. To the authors' knowledge this is the first equine report demonstrating the relationship between the clinical disease syndrome, eosinophilic cholangiohepatitis and hepatic fluke infestation. Depending on geographical location, fasciolosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for equine hepatopathies and can result in severe disease.     

Comparative observation on the growth changes of the histochemical properties and collagen architecture of the Musculus puboischiofemoralis pars medialis from Silky, layer-type and meat-type cockerels

Growth‐related changes in the histochemical properties and collagen architecture of the Musculus puboischiofemoralis pars medialis were compared among Silky, layer‐type, and meat‐type cockerels. Histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were employed and collagen architecture was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Total intramuscular collagen was also determined. The myofibers were categorized as type I, type IIA and a transitional form, type I‐tr. The proportion of type I‐tr myofibers diminished and these myofibers were transformed entirely into type I myofibers in meat‐type but incompletely in the others. The largest diameter of type I myofiber was found in layer‐type at 30 weeks of age. At 30 weeks of age, layer‐type birds had attained well‐developed perimysial collagen bundles while meat‐type birds had less developed bundles. The endomysial collagen network had a large mesh size at 1 week and then accumulated many collagen fibrils to form a felt‐like fabric of fibrils by 30 weeks of age. Silky birds developed the thickest endomysial collagen plates of all the breeds. From these results it appears that growth‐related changes in the histological structure of M. puboischiofemoralis pars medialis are not necessarily causally affected by the different growth rates of chicken breeds.