Hyperaccumulation of selenium in hybrid striped bass: a functional food for aquaculture?

One method of increasing the value of aquacultured product is to produce fillets that are fortified with minerals that are beneficial to human health – that is enhance the functionality of an already healthy product. A good candidate mineral in this regard is selenium (Se) which is of vital importance to normal metabolism in humans. In order to evaluate the dose response and tissue accumulation of supplemental dietary Se, a study was undertaken with hybrid striped bass (HSB). Animals were fed diets supplemented with either organic (0–3.2 mg kg^?1 as SelPlex^®) or inorganic (0.2 and 0.4 mg kg^?1 as sodium selenite) Se for 6 weeks. Because basal fishmeal‐based diets contained 1.22 mg Se kg^?1, doses of Se delivered equated to 1.22–4.42 mg kg^?1. At trial end, greatest weight gain was observed in fish receiving 0.2 mg Se kg^?1, irrespective of form (organic/inorganic). Se accumulation in HSB liver and fillet revealed a classical dose‐response once a threshold level of 0.2 mg Se kg^?1 was surpassed. Greatest tissue accumulation of Se was observed in fish fed the 3.2 mg Se kg^?1 level (P > 0.0001). A 100 g portion of Se‐enhanced HSB fillet would contain between 33 and 109 μg Se, amounting to a dietary intake of between 25 and 80 μg Se; a level that would satisfy present daily intake recommendations. Comparison of tissue Se levels indicated that the muscle provides a more conspicuous gauge of dietary Se dose‐response than does liver. Dietary treatments of between 0.4 and 1.6 mg organic Se kg^?1 reduced (P < 0.024) plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity. No differences were observed in ceruloplasmin, lysozyme or GSH‐Px activities between organic and inorganic Se when delivered at the 0.2 mg Se kg^?1 level. Ceruloplasmin, lysozyme and GSH‐Px levels were elevated (P ≥ 0.025) in fish fed the diet containing 0.4 mg inorganic Se kg^?1.     

Effects of dietary sodium butyrate on growth,diet conversion,body chemical compositions and distal intestinal health in yellow drum (Nibea albiflora,Richardson)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on the physical barrier function, pro‐inflammatory response and possible underlying mechanisms in the distal intestine (DI) of yellow drum when fed a high‐SBM diet. Three iso‐proteic and iso‐lipidic diets were formulated with fish meal (FM, the control), 45% fish meal protein replaced by SBM (SBM) and 45% fish meal protein replaced by SBM but supplemented with 0.15% SB (SBM + SB). Fish were fed twice daily for 10 weeks. Results indicated that SB supplementation significantly increased the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) and methionine content of muscle when compared with those of fish fed the SBM diet (p < .05). The morphologic histology results showed that SB dramatically improved the physical barrier structure, characterized as increases of fold height (FH) and muscular thickness (MT) (p < .05). RT‐qPCR data were accordant with morphologic histology results, in which claudin 3, claudin 4 and occludin were increased while claudin 7 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) mRNA expression levels were decreased (p < .05). Sodium butyrate also exerted anti‐inflammatory function, which may be attributed to the suppression of nucleus p65 protein expression. Results suggest SB can be incorporated in high‐SBM diets to ameliorate the negative consequences of alternative dietary ingredients on yellow drum physiology.     

饮水高钠诱发的肉鸡腹水综合征的血液流变学特征

为查明高钠饮水与肉鸡腹水综合征的病因学关系,将２４０只健康ＡＡ肉鸡随机均分为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和对照３个组,从８日龄起分别饮用含Ｎａ＋为０．０６％、０．１２％和０．００％的饮水,动态对比观察各组肉鸡临床表现、血液红细胞压积（ＰＣＶ）、红细胞变形性（ＥＤ）、右心室（ＲＶ）和全心室（ＴＶ）的重量比（ＲＶ／ＴＶ）。结果表明,高钠饮水可以诱发腹水综合征;肉鸡在摄入过量Ｎａ＋时,出现肺动脉高压（ＰＨ）、ＰＣＶ增加和ＥＤ下降等血液流变学特性的改变,促进了腹水综合征的形成。     

饲粮添加硬脂酰乳酸钠对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响。试验选择25日龄的断奶仔猪336头,按体重随机分为6组,每组7个重复,每个重复8头猪。各组仔猪饲粮中SSL添加水平分别为0(对照)、250、500、750、1 000和2 000 mg/kg,试验分2个阶段,每阶段21 d。试验测定仔猪生长性能,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总胆固醇等血清生化指标及能量、干物质、氮和粗脂肪表观消化率。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加500、750和1 000 mg/kg SSL能显著降低仔猪第2阶段料重比(P0.05),添加1000 mg/kg SSL显著降低全期料重比(P0.05);2)饲粮中添加SSL有降低试验第42天仔猪血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性,增加血清高密度蛋白胆固醇含量及高密度蛋白胆固醇/低密度蛋白胆固醇值的趋势,且当添加水平为2 000 mg/kg时差异达到显著水平(P0.05);3)饲粮中添加SSL能显著提高粗脂肪表观消化率(P0.05),并且有提高氮及能量表观消化率的趋势,当添加水平为2 000 mg/kg时差异达到显著水平(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加SSL能降低仔猪料重比,提高饲料养分尤其是粗脂肪的表观消化率。     

酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋硒含量的影响

本试验旨在比较酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋硒含量的影响,以确定能够替代亚硒酸钠的酵母硒适宜使用量。试验选用30周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近的健康海兰褐蛋鸡360只,随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不额外添加硒源),试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.30 mg/kg硒的亚硒酸钠以及0.10、0.20和0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒(试验饲粮中实测硒含量分别为0.176、0.342、0.278、0.302、0.359 mg/kg)。预试期14 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)各试验组产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量、料蛋比和蛋品质与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)亚硒酸钠组和酵母硒组蛋硒含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);酵母硒组蛋硒含量均显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05),并随酵母硒添加量的增加显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,相对于亚硒酸钠,蛋鸡对酵母硒吸收和向鸡蛋中的转移效率更高;饲粮添加硒能显著提高蛋硒含量,且蛋硒含量随着酵母硒添加量的增加而增加;饲粮中添加0.10~0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质无不良影响。     

The Effect of Chitosan and Sodium Alginate on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Soybean

1　Introduction　　Sodium alginate and chitosan are the oceanic natural resources and high molecular com-pound which can promote the plant growth,and protect various plants from harmful organ-isms or prevent plant disease caused by harmful organisms( Makuuch,1 998and Hadwiger,etal. 1 983) .The two materials were used as coating materials,plant promoters,foliar sprayingin soil and so on( Mitchell,1 96 2 ;Brown,982 ;Cuero,1 991 ,Osuji,1 992 ) .Because the two ma-terials are degradable in soil …     

芸薹素内酯和复硝酚钠对茭白生长发育和产量的影响

通过研究芸薹素内酯和复硝酚钠两种植物生长调节剂对茭白生长发育和产量的影响。研究结果表明,喷施1．8％复硝酚钠水剂5．94mgm（有效成分含量,下同）、0．04％芸薹素内酯水剂0．07mg／L以及1．8％复硝酚钠水剂与0．04％芸薹素内酯水剂等体积混配液1．84mg／L等三种处理均能使茭白结茭时间提早4-5d,茭白的有效苗数、结茭率和产量显著提高。建议在茭白孕茭前15～30d喷施1次,隔7d后再喷1次较好。     

Factors affecting in vitro adventitious shoot formation on internode explants of Citrus aurantium L. cv. Brazilian

The in vitro formation of newly formed adventitious buds and shoots from internodal branch segments was studied on 12-month-old plants of Citrus aurantium L. cv. Brazilian. The effects of 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatments were evaluated on adventitious bud and shoot regeneration. High rates of bud initiation and shoot development were obtained both with BA supplemented medium, in the range from 1 mg L⁻¹ to 3 mg L⁻¹, and with 0.1 mg L⁻¹ NAA supplemented medium. NAA concentrations above 1 mg L⁻¹ significantly reduced bud initiation and shoot elongation. The results obtained using different in vitro culture vessels such as Petri dishes, tubes and glass culture jars were compared. The highest adventitious bud induction was observed in Petri dishes for internodes cultured in 2 mg L⁻¹ BA supplemented medium, with 95% responsive explants forming 9.0 ± 2.4 adventitious buds. The adventitious buds observed in Petri dishes reached a maximum height of 1 mm, with no further development, while some of the adventitious shoots cultured in tubes and glass culture jars grew over 1 cm in height. A shoot regeneration gradient of the internodes collected along the branch axis was noticed, with basal ones exhibiting higher regeneration frequency.     

一种基于硼氢化钠的新型储氢材料研究

硼氢化钠的水解产物是一种新的储氢材料,其良好的可逆储氢能力在5MPa氢气压力真空条件下3分钟后在室温下吸收氢150。根据报道,它已被证明,这两种改变的催化剂NaBH4水解和添加催化剂直接插入接口是两个非常有效进一步提高接口的储氢容量。对hpsb-y2o3脱氢TiO2分别掺杂均达到重量2.4%和重量4.6%。重要的是对hpsb-y2o3可逆的脱氢能力不下降后成功———超循环。相比之下,对hpsb-ceo2可逆脱氢高达到重量5.9%,在室温下5分钟后3MPa氢气压力150氢吸附。