石榴溃疡病害病原学研究

对石榴溃疡病害3菌株所引起的病害症状、病原菌的形态学特征、培养学特性、生理学特性及分子遗传多样性等方面进行比较研究.结果表明:石榴疮痂病与石榴果实上增生型症状的病原菌具有更近的亲缘关系,应为同一病原菌引起,推测该病原菌首先侵染石榴侵染枝干,然后侵染石榴的花萼和果实;而石榴干腐病病原菌主要侵染枝干,是否侵染果实及引起症状特征需要继续进行研究和鉴定.     

山梨优良品系的选择

2012~2013年,对山梨园中不同品系山梨进行了果实大小、单株结果产量、石细胞含量、出汁率、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量等指标的测定和评价。结果表明:初选的12个品系22株山梨个体中,有8个品系12株山梨个体在1个或多个果实性状指标上表现比较突出。具有较好鲜食品质的有YS10-5、YS15-1、YS15-2、YS11-2;具有较好加工品质的有YS6-8、YS6-9、YS10-5、YS15-1和YS15-2;具有较高产量的有YS6-9、YS11-5、YS10-5、YS15-1、YS9-2、YS13-6、YS13-4、YS14-2、YS14-5、YS8-4和YS7-6;具有果个大且品质好的有YS10-5、YS11-2、YS11-5和YS15-1。通过模糊数学隶属函数对12个品系22株山梨个体综合评判,有6个优良品系9株优良单株果实各项指标隶属函数均值较大,从大到小依次为YS10-5、YS11YS11-5、YS9-2、YS15-1、YS14-5、YS11-2、YS6-9、YS10-2和YS15-2,其隶属函数均值范围为0.5068-0.8335。     

Efficacy of condensed tannins against larval Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) in vitro and in the intermediate host Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera) in vivo

Natural anti-parasitic compounds in plants such as condensed tannins (CT) have anthelmintic properties against a range of gastrointestinal nematodes, but for other helminths such effects are unexplored. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of CT from three different plant extracts in a model system employing the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, in its intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor. An in vitro study examined infectivity of H. diminuta cysticercoids (excystation success) isolated from infected beetles exposed to different concentrations of CT extracts from pine bark (PB) (Pinus sps), hazelnut pericarp (HN) (Corylus avellana) or white clover flowers (WC) (Trifolium repens), in comparison with the anthelmintic drug praziquantel (positive control). In the in vitro study, praziquantel and CT from all three plant extracts had dose-dependent inhibitory effects on cysticercoid excystation. The HN extract was most effective at inhibiting excystation, followed by PB and WC. An in vivo study was carried out on infected beetles (measured as cysticercoid establishment) fed different doses of PB, HN and praziquantel. There was a highly significant inhibitory effect of HN on cysticercoid development (p = 0.0002). Overall, CT showed a promising anti-cestodal effect against the metacestode stage of H. diminuta.     

光照处理对冬虫夏草单孢菌株生长代谢的影响

为了探究光照处理对中国被毛孢生长代谢的影响,通过分离单子囊孢子获得单孢菌株,并对该菌株进行光照处理。观察记录光照处理30 d后菌落和菌丝形态的变化,测量菌落鲜质量、干质量以及分生孢子量,通过比色法检测甘露醇、多糖、尿素和多酚4种代谢物含量的变化,并通过UPLC检测腺苷含量的变化。结果表明,光照处理后中国被毛孢菌落形态发生显著变化;菌落鲜质量显著低于黑暗处理组,干质量无明显差异;菌丝的延伸被抑制并出现扭结现象;分生孢子数量显著高于黑暗处理组;多糖和尿素含量均显著低于黑暗处理组;甘露醇和多酚含量无显著变化;腺苷含量显著高于黑暗处理组。     

Mg2Si单轴应变的结构和电子性能

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法研究了Mg2 Si半导体沿[001]方向单轴应变下的结构、力学性质以及电子性质.计算结果表明：无应变时晶格参数和弹性常数与其他理论及实验值吻合的很好.施加应变后,其与应变方向垂直的晶格常数随应变值呈近似线性变化.通过应力-应变曲线和Born力学稳定性判据,确定了Mg2Si化合物在拉伸、压缩过程中的稳定范围和理想强度.Mg2Si的电子布居和电子态密度分析,表明Si-Mg之间的显示离子键特性,并给出了在拉伸压缩过程中Mg和Si原子轨道电子对总的态密度影响.     

Genetic characterization of populations of the ectoparasitic caligid, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837) using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA

Genetic variability within salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Caligidae: Copepoda), populations parasitizing farmed and wild Scottish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated using analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments. Seven individual decamer primers were used to analyse samples of salmon lice collected from 15 different locations in Scotland. The polymerase chain reaction products were separated using agarose gel electrophoresis and the resulting band patterns were analysed using a semi‐automated analytical scoring system. Dendrograms were produced using the unweighted pair‐group average (UPGMA) method using Dice similarity values. The summary dendrogram of the analysis of all RAPD bands showed two separate clusters of salmon lice, the larger being sub‐divided into a further two sections. The collections of lice occupying each of these sub‐divisions, however, were a mix of sites, which did not exhibit a structured geographical pattern.     

Genetic improvement of farmed tilapias: Biochemical characterization of strain differences in Nile tilapia

Four African wild strains (Egypt, Ghana, Senegal and Kenya) and four established Asian farmed strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (popularly known in the Philippines as Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore and Israel) were analysed electrophoretically at 30 protein loci to estimate genetic differences among the strains. All strains shared alleles at 14 monomorphic and 16 variable loci. Among the African strains, characteristic allele frequency differences were observed at AAT-1 ^* 46 for Ghana and Senegal, ADH ^* 83 for Kenya, ADH ^* 120 for Senegal, G3PDH-2 ^* 300 for Egypt, IDDH ^* 67 for Senegal, sMDH-1 ^* 120 for Kenya and SOD ^* 150 for Senegal. Genetic distance values among the strains revealed a clustering of the farmed strains with Egypt and Ghana O. niloticus, a slight separation of the Senegal strain and a larger separation of the Kenya strain. This profile may reflect the origins of the few founder populations of this species previously introduced to Asia. It also confirms the wider genetic divergence of the Kenya strain (O. niloticus vulcani) from the others studied here, which are all O. n. niloticus. Observed heterozygosities of the strains ranged from 0.026 to 0.071, with the African wild strains the lower values (mean Ho = 0.036) and the farmed strains the higher ones (mean Ho = 0.056). The implications of these results to the ongoing tilapia genetic improvement programme in the Philippines are discussed.     

几个板栗优系生长结实特性的调查分析

对高接后３ａ，综合性状优良，品种、产地与成熟期均不相同的６个板栗优系的生长结实特性进行了调查与分析，明确了板栗优系生长结实的基本特性，结果母枝粗度和结果枝粗度、数量、着生部位与雌花序数的关系，为板栗良种选育和丰产栽培提供了一定的理论依据。