Occurrence and pathogenicity of Phytophthora × cambivora on Prunus laurocerasus in Serbia

Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) is a native plant species in Serbian forests, but is also widely used for ornamental plantings. Following two extremely wet summers in 2014 and 2015, in spring and summer of 2016 and 2017, numerous cherry laurel plants with symptoms indicative for Phytophthora diseases, like wilting and chlorosis of leaves, dieback and bleeding bark necroses, were recorded in a park in Belgrade and in two ornamental nurseries in central Serbia. From necrotic bark samples and rhizosphere soil, self‐sterile Phytophthora isolates with woolly colonies were obtained. Due to the production of ellipsoid and elongated, non‐papillate sporangia in water and of ornamented oogonia with two‐celled antheridia in mating tests with tester strains of both Phytophthora × cambivora and P. cryptogea, these isolates were identified as P. ×cambivora which was confirmed by ITS sequence analysis. Pathogenicity of P. ×cambivora from cherry laurel (PCCL) was tested by inoculating one‐year‐old seedlings of cherry laurel under the bark. P. ×cambivora from European beech (PCB), and isolates of P. cactorum (CAC), P. cryptogea (CRY), P. plurivora (PLU) and P. ×serendipita (SER) were included as comparison. Three and a half months after inoculation, nine of the twelve plants in PCB, three in PCCL and CAC and two in PLU declined with longitudinal necroses and chlorosis, wilting and premature shedding of leaves. These results demonstrate the ability of P. ×cambivora to infect and cause decline of cherry laurel plants. The particularly high aggressiveness of the P. ×cambivora isolate from beech shows that this pathogen poses a serious risk to cherry laurel in the rare natural communities of cherry laurel and beech in Serbia.     

Stand basal area as an index of tree competitiveness in timber intercropping

To derive optimal benefits from intercropping timber, farmers should make important initial decisions on tree species and planting density with a good understanding of their tradeoffs. Complex and data-intensive models used by researchers should be supplemented with simpler models based on easily measured parameters and easily understood competition functions. In experiments in the Philippine uplands, growth parameters of three popular farm-forestry species (Eucalyptus deglupta, E. torelliana, and Paraserianthes falcataria) were measured, along with intercropped and non-intercropped yields of maize and vegetables. The commonly used forestry parameter of stand basal area had a significant negative correlation with intercrop yields (as a percentage of non-intercropped yields). The slope of the regression line differed between species; in this study, percent yield loss per unit stem basal area growth was in the order E. deglupta > E. torelliana > P. falcataria. The relationship between stand basal area and intercrop-yield decline was tested on an independent data set from China. Intercrop yields had significant negative correlations with stand basal area of Paulownia elongata. We propose that adaptive tree-screening trials evaluate competitiveness in addition to evaluating growth and mortality. Stand basal area may be better suited to this task than more mechanistic indices such as leaf-area index as it is easy to measure, calculate, and understand, and it may serve as a better index of total (aboveground + belowground) competition. Basal area is also directly related to tree volume, and allows farmers to more easily evaluate the economic tradeoffs between tree growth and intercrop-yield declines. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

葡萄座腔菌属真菌毒素研究进展

葡萄座腔菌属Botryosphaeria spp.真菌能引起多种林木及果树溃疡病,在国内外分布广泛,其毒素与树木溃疡病的发生有着密切关系。该文对B. obtusa,B. berengeriana,B. corticola,B. dothidea毒素成分的国内外研究现状做了介绍,同时对该菌毒素的分离、纯化、化学结构鉴定及检测方法的研究以及毒素应用做了简要总结,并分析了实验中存在的部分困难和今后研究的重点。     

11个中国梨品种S基因型的鉴定

采用梨自交不亲和基因的特异引物"FTQQYQ"和"anti-IIWPNV",对11个梨品种的基因组DNA进行了特异PCR扩增,对扩增片段进行回收、克隆和测序。利用生物信息学软件对各序列进行比对分析,最后确定了各品种的S基因型,即早熟句句、新疆黄梨、绿句句、魁克句句等4个新疆梨品种的S基因型均为S22S28;圆香为S16S15,福安尖把为S16S22,晋蜜梨为S21S28,兰州软儿为SdS12,迟咸丰为S5aS18,红秀2号为S1S12,鸭广梨为S19S30。     

油松常见2种散斑壳属真菌致病性的研究

通过标本采集、分类鉴定和接种试验方法对采自辽宁东部地区油松上针叶树散斑壳(Lophodermium conignum)、松针散斑壳(Lophodermium pinastri)2个真菌种的致病性进行了研究,结果发现这2个种均是引起油松落针病的主要致病种,并且症状表现、致病特点均存在着一定的差异。     

西双版纳香荚兰根腐病发病规律研究

通过系统观察,香荚兰根腐病周年发生,随种植时间延长而病情累积增高。新增病根发病率增高在高温季节,而在低温干旱季节降低。根腐病发病率＜５０％的调查样方有１９．７％的表现出蔓叶发黄;发病率＞６０％的,则有９０％以上的蔓叶发黄,可以把发病率＜４０％作为该病的控制指标。田间管理好,根系发达,生长良好的园地,病情较轻。离体幼根接种试验表明,根尖和根毛区是病原主要的入侵部位。有１５％的幼根不感病,大多数感病根,病斑扩展到一定程度即停止活动,仅有１２％的根病斑发展到全根死亡。病斑扩展期为２～７ｄ,扩展速度为０．２～８．４ｍｍ／ｄ。     

热处理对圆盘豆地板材颜色的影响

采用过热蒸汽作为传热介质和保护气体,于160、180、200、220℃分别对圆盘豆木材进行热处理试验。结果表明,热处理后圆盘豆木材颜色发生明显变化。随着热处理温度升高,木材明度L*下降,红绿色品指数a*变化不明显,黄蓝色品指数b*下降,色差△E*增大,木材表面颜色加深,并且木材径面色差值大于弦面及横截面色差值,表面色差值大于其内部色差值。     

3种红豆杉光合特性及叶绿素荧光差异比较

为红豆杉资源的合理开发和人工栽培提供理论基础,以4年生的东北红豆杉Taxus cuspidata、南方红豆杉T.chinensis ziar.mairei和曼地亚红豆杉T.media为试验材料,比较了这3种红豆杉叶色素含量、光合及叶绿素荧光特性的差异.结果表明:3种红豆杉中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,...     

我国相思类树种研究文献计量学分析

以中国知网统计的源期刊为依据,通过对1965年3月-2014年10月间有关相思研究论文的发表数量、发表时间、研究内容、发文单位、期刊分布等进行统计分析,了解我国相思研究进展,指出相思树研究的不足之处以及今后研究发展方向。     

仁寿血防疫区人工种植益母草构型分支与生物量配置

本文研究了仁寿兴林抑螺示范区抑螺植物益母草的生长与结实特性。益母草存在基部优先与顶部优先两种构型,前者适应于肥沃生境,而后者适宜贫瘠生境。埂边生境高度较大(1.6 vs 0.95),分支数量较大(一级枝8.5vs 6.6;二级枝32.6 vs 9.7;三级枝:0.7 vs 0),分支率较高(4.7 vs 2.3),瘠薄的间作生境明显较低。两种生境中,个体高度与一级枝无关,而与二级枝数量呈现明显抛物线曲线关系。不同位置或节点枝径、间距长度、结实数量都呈现直线或曲线关系,表明位置效应明显,益母草呈现向基性发育模式。深入分析发现,益母草生殖枝结构性参数,如枝径、节间长度都与结实数量呈现明显的线性关系,暗示这种位置效应实质上是结构大小引起的,归为结构限制。随着个体生长,益母草枝干、根系、花果、叶片生物量增长速度依次降低,暗示培育目标实现可能需要优化构型特征。总体分析,益母草通过构型优化(如分支率)来适应异质性生境,而构件生殖存在结构依赖性。