桔梗抗肥胖机理试验研究

用含有桔梗水提取物的高脂肪饲料饲喂小鼠，结果表明：含5％桔梗水提取物的高脂肪饲料与对照组比较，小鼠体重和子宫周匀明显下降；同时肝脏中三酰基甘油的水平也有所降低。研究认为：桔梗总皂苷能抑制胰脂肪酶活性，可以使胰脂肪酶的活性抑制在41．7％水平上；桔梗皂苷D、桔梗皂苷A和桔梗皂苷C可分别使其活性抑制在34．8％、3．3％和5．2％的水平上。而菊糖对胰脂肪酶活性没有抑制作用，也不能抑制高脂肪饲料引起的小鼠肥胖和脂肪肝。因此，桔梗抗肥胖作用可能是由于桔梗皂苷类成分抑制胰脂肪酶活性，从而抑制对食物脂肪的吸收。     

Association of endothelial lipase gene Thr111Ile and Gly26Ser polymorphism with lipoprotein in patients with coronary heart disease

AIM: To investigate the association of endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) Thr111Ile and Gly26Ser polymorphism with lipoprotein in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese.METHODS: 438 patients were classified as 242 CHD group and 196 controls group by selective coronary angiography.Plasma level of lipoprotein was determined and the Thr111Ile and Gly26Ser polymorphism was screened by PCR-RELP.RESULTS: The frequencies of Thr111Ile genotype in Chinese were CC 76.7%,CT 23.3％,TT 0.0％.The frequencies of allele were C 88.3％,T 11.7%.The plasma level of HDL-c in CT group was significantly higher than that in CC group (P<0.05) on logistic regression analysis.However,logistic regression analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between CHD group and control group for Thr111Ile polymorphism (P>0.05).No Gly26Ser mutation was observed in this study.CONCLUSION: The polymorphism of Thr111Ile is present in patients with CHD in Chinese,and T allele is related to high HDL-c level.There is no significant association between the polymorphism of Thr111Ile and CHD.The Gly26Ser mutation has not found in this study.     

东北地区虹鳟IHN和IPN流行病学的初步研究

本文报道了虹鳟鱼病毒性疾病IHN和IPN的流行与危害情况，对这二种病毒性疾病的症状和病理变化作了初步的研究，并进行了病原学鉴定。文中建议严格地把住进口鱼卵或鱼苗的检疫工作，采取更严格的防疫措施，多层次地防止疫病的传播和蔓延。     

棉花种子发芽过程中生理生化变化及赤霉素(GA_3)的调节 Ⅱ 棉花子叶中酶活性及内源激素的变化

研究了棉花种子发芽过程中，子叶中与脂肪代谢有关的酶活性和内源激素水平的变化及外源赤霉素（ＧＡ３）的调节。结果表明，赤霉素增加了脂酶的活性，同时也增加了过氧化氢酶的活性，使其活性最高峰值均超前对照２４ｈ；赤霉素降低了过氧化物酶的活性，但使吲哚乙酸氧化酶的活性稍有提高；赤霉素影响子叶中内源激素水平，其中赤霉素处理的生长素（ＩＡＡ）含量相对稳定，而对照的生长素含量则逐渐下降；对于三种细胞分裂素来说，赤霉素增加了前期（４８ｈ以前）三种细胞分裂素的含量（Ｚ＋ＺＲ除外）。三种细胞分裂素含量的改变可能与子叶的发育有关。     

脂肪酶在白羽肉鸡上的应用效果研究

试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选取800只1日龄罗斯308白羽肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复50羽鸡。对照组饲喂不加酶制剂的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验2～4组分别在基础日粮基础上分别添加250、350、500 g/t脂肪酶。试验期为42 d,分1～21日龄和22～42日龄两个阶段。结果表明：（1）玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加脂肪酶可改善肉鸡的生长性能;（2）脂肪酶添加水平为350 g/t可显著提高1～21日龄白羽鸡饲料转化率（P＜0.05）和22～42日龄白羽鸡平均日增重、饲料转化率（P＜0.05）;（3）饲料中添加350 g/t脂肪酶能显著提高脂肪、磷和干物质的表观利用率（P＜0.05）;（4）添加脂肪酶蛋白质表观利用率有提高的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10）,钙的表观利用率显著降低（P＜0.05）。由此可见,肉鸡玉米-豆粕型日粮中脂肪酶添加水平为350 g/t时效果最佳。     

盐度对点篮子鱼消化酶活性的影响

以自然海水组(盐度30～32)为对照,研究了20、10、5三种盐度对点篮子鱼(平均体重86.09 4-17.99g,平均全长13.90±1.53 cm)幽门盲囊、肠、胃和肝脏中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力的影响.结果表明:第24天盐度20的点篮子鱼幽门盲囊蛋白酶活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);第24天和第48天,在同...     

猪脂蛋白脂酶基因片段的克隆及不同体重的表达差异

从杜长大母猪的肠系膜脂肪中提取基因组RNA，用RT-PCR扩增脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase LPL)基因，获得1条约689 bp的片段，以pGEM-T Easy vector 为载体，将该基因片断克隆到大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli )DH5α中。从筛选的阳性克隆中分离出LPL基因，测定其序列。分析表明，该片段为LPL cDNA的部分序列，编码229个氨基酸组成的多肽。研究得到的基因片段与报道的猪脂肪组织中LPL cDNA部分序列同源性达到98%，氨基酸序列同源性达到99.1％。以LPL基因片段的克隆为基础，构建了优化的半定量RT-PCR法，以β-actin 为内标，研究不同体重猪脂肪组织LPL基因表达的差异。结果发现，从刚出生到30 kg，LPL基因表达呈上升趋势，在30～50 kg，LPL基因表达呈下降趋势，50～90 kg，LPL基因表达又呈上升趋势。     

Lipid digestion in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). I: Lipid class and fatty acid composition of digesta from different segments of the digestive tract

The lipid content and lipid composition of digesta from the stomach, foregut, hindgut and rectum of juvenile turbot fed a commercial diet were determined in order to examine the process of lipid digestion in this species. The moisture content of the digesta increased along the digestive tract from 71.5% in the stomach to 89.6% in the rectum. The lipid content of the digesta increased initially from 15.7% of the dry weight in the stomach to 36.1% in the foregut but thereafter decreased through 23.2% in the hindgut to 9.1% in the rectum. The proportion of triacylglycerols (TAG) in the total lipid of the digesta decreased from 63% in the stomach to 17.4% in the rectum whereas that of free fatty acids (FFA) increased from 10016 to 48.9%. The highest proportions of monoacylglycerols (MAG), diacylglycerols (DAG) and most phospholipids were observed in the lipid of the hindgut digesta. In addition, a fall in levels of neutral and phospholipid classes as digesta moved from hindgut to rectum signified absorption. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the lipid classes TAG, DAG and MAG suggest a polyunsaturated fatty acid specificity for hydrolysis may exist. Saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) accounted for 17.9%, 45.4% and 37.0%, respectively of the FFA present in the foregut whereas the corresponding values for the rectum were 32.6%, 51.9% and 16.3%. Overall, the results suggest a PUFA specifity for hydrolysis may exist alongside the positional non-specific lipolytic activity associated with the hindgut regions of the digestive tract of turbot and that PUFA, released by lipolysis are more effectively absorbed from the digesta than monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids.     

碱性脂肪酶的分子生物学研究进展

碱性脂肪酶是具有重要工业价值的酶制剂,在医药、化工等领域应用广泛。该研究综述了碱性脂肪酶的酶学性质、分子结构以及基因工程育种等,重点介绍了扩展青霉碱性脂肪酶的分子生物学方面研究进展。