添加甲酸对白花草木樨青贮品质的影响

在收获后经过0、8和30h晾晒的初花期草木樨(干物质含量分别为27.36%、38.69%和44.98%)原料中,加入甲酸(添加量为2.5、4.0和5.5ml/kg)进行青贮。结果表明,添加甲酸能使草木樨青贮料氨态氮含量降低,并保存较多的可溶性糖;添加甲酸4.0ml/kg对三个干物质水平草木樨青贮均有良好效果,但以干物质含量27.36%组效果最好。     

Characterization and application of lactic acid bacteria for tropical silage preparation

Strains TH 14, TH 21 and TH 64 were isolated from tropical silages, namely corn stover, sugar cane top and rice straw, respectively, prepared in Thailand. These strains were selected by low pH growth range and high lactic acid‐producing ability, similar to some commercial inoculants. Based on the analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence and DNA‐DNA relatedness, strain TH 14 was identified as Lactobacillus casei, and strains TH 21 and TH 64 were identified as L. plantarum. Strains TH 14, TH 21, TH 64 and two commercial inoculants, CH (L. plantarum) and SN (L. rhamnosus), were used as additives to fresh and wilted purple Guinea and sorghum silages prepared using a small‐scale fermentation method. The number of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the forages before ensilage was relatively low but the numbers of coliform and aerobic bacteria were higher. Sorghum silages at 30 days of fermentation were all well preserved with low pH (3.56) and high lactic acid production (72.86 g/kg dry matter). Purple Guinea silage inoculated with LAB exhibited reduced count levels of aerobic and coliform bacteria, lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen and increased lactic acid concentration, compared with the control. Strain TH 14 more effectively improved lactic acid production compared with inoculants and other strains. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science     

Research Progress of Effect of Oxidative Stress on Broiler and its Mitigation Technology

Oxidative stress is ubiquitous in livestock and poultry production.When the body is in the situation of harmful stimulation in vitro or in vivo,the oxidation system and antioxidant system are in a state of imbalance,leading to metabolic disorders,which depresses the growth and development of animals,decreases disease resistance and quality of livestock products seriously,and has a negative impact on the production and health of livestock and poultry.So it is important to find an effective measure to alleviate the health of livestock and poultry.Lipoic acid,tea polyphenol,VE and other antioxidants play significant roles in reducing oxidative stress.In this paper,the effects of oxidative stress on broiler and mitigation technology research were outlined.     

有机酸处理谷物在反刍动物饲粮配制中的应用

随着高谷物、低纤维成为当前高产奶牛或育肥牛、羊饲粮的典型营养特征,通过谷物预处理对反刍动物营养进行调控成为近年来的研究热点。本文总结了不同谷物处理方式的优点与不足,重点评述了有机酸处理谷物对反刍动物瘤胃发酵、养分代谢以及生产性能影响的研究进展,以期为谷物预处理在反刍动物饲粮配制中的应用提供参考。     

Review of cobalamin status and disorders of cobalamin metabolism in dogs

Disorders of cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) metabolism are increasingly recognized in small animal medicine and have a variety of causes ranging from chronic gastrointestinal disease to hereditary defects in cobalamin metabolism. Measurement of serum cobalamin concentration, often in combination with serum folate concentration, is routinely performed as a diagnostic test in clinical practice. While the detection of hypocobalaminemia has therapeutic implications, interpretation of cobalamin status in dogs can be challenging. The aim of this review is to define hypocobalaminemia and cobalamin deficiency, normocobalaminemia, and hypercobalaminemia in dogs, describe known cobalamin deficiency states, breed predispositions in dogs, discuss the different biomarkers of importance for evaluating cobalamin status in dogs, and discuss the management of dogs with hypocobalaminemia.     

利用析因法测定产蛋鸡必需氨基酸需要量、模式及模型

本研究是3期饲养试验内容的概括和总结，目的是使所建立的估测产蛋鸡必需氨基酸（EAA）需要模型具有广泛的适应性和准确性。对394只罗曼蛋鸡的试验数据进行多元回归分析。根据食入的每个EAA（主要包括赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸）与产蛋、维持和增量所需的相应EAA的回归关系，测定相应的回归系数，建立了估测每个EAA需要的数学模型，可估测产蛋鸡在任何生产条件下每个EAA的需要量及模式。另外．本试验还建立了指数曲线模型（R2为0．71），唐它来描述食入EAA与产蛋量间的关系比较恰当，不过，用来估测产蛋鸡EAA需要量时，其估测值与实测值的吻合度没有桥因法好（R2为0．80）。     

临武鸭肉质营养特性

试验旨在分析、评价临武鸭的肉质性能及营养成分,通过化学分析与仪器分析相结合的方法,测定临武鸭肌肉中的常规营养指标和氨基酸、肌苷酸、脂肪酸含量。结果表明,临武鸭肌肉中水分含量胸肌显著(P<0.05)高于腿肌,腿肌能量极显著(P<0.01)高于胸肌,其它指标公母间、部位间差异不显著。公母间胸肌17种氨基酸、8种脂肪酸、肌苷酸含量之间差异不显著。与其它鸭种比较发现临武鸭具有水分含量较低,肌苷酸、谷氨酸含量和氨基酸总含量比较高,脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸含量高的特点。     

肉仔鸡对不同形态蛋白质吸收率的研究

为评价肉仔鸡对不同形态蛋白吸收差异性,将100只艾维茵雄肉仔鸡随机分为4个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复5只鸡,进行氨基酸、酪蛋白和肽三种蛋白源的吸收率对比研究。结果表明:肉鸡对氨基酸组日粮总蛋白吸收率极显著高于肽组和酪蛋白组(P<0.01) ,总蛋白吸收率分别提高5.10 %和5.27 %;肽组和酪蛋白组日粮中多数氨基酸吸收率均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)低于氨基酸组的吸收率;相对而言,肽组和酪蛋白组中的天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸、异亮氨酸和胱氨酸等吸收率同氨基酸组相比差异幅度较大。肽组日粮同酪蛋白组日粮总蛋白吸收率间无显著差异(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,游离氨基酸在肉仔鸡肠道中吸收率高于完整蛋白和肽,游离氨基酸具有吸收优势。     

牛磺胆酸对小鼠体内氧自由基的影响

为了研究牛磺胆酸(TCA)对小鼠体内氧自由基代谢的影响,采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法、二硫代二硝基苯甲酸法、紫外分光光度法、硫代巴比妥酸法和酶联免疫特异性测定法分别测定了给药后小鼠血浆、肝脏和脑组织中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量及血浆中一氧化氯合酶(NOS)的活力.结果显示,低剂量TCA能显著提高血浆、肝脏和脑组织中GSP-PX活力及肝脏和脑组织中CAT活力,显著降低血浆中GSH-PX活力和脑组织中GSH-PX活力.高剂量的TCA能显著提高血浆中GSH-PX、肝脏和脑组织中T-SOD、GSH-PX及肝脏中CAT活力.低、高剂量的TCA能显著降低血浆、肝脏和脑组织中MDA的含量,以及提高血浆中NOS活力.结果证明,TCA的抗氧自由基作用与其提高体内SOD、GSH-PX、CAT、NOS的活力和降低MDA含量有关.     

Analysis of the toxic potential of Palicourea corymbifera (Müll. Arg.) Standl. in laboratory animals

Palicourea species may produce bovine toxicity. Palicourea corymbifera grows in terra firme forests within the Amazon rain forest and in Tropical America, particularly in spots that gave place to gazing areas. The lyophilized extract done with the aerial organs of P. corymbifera were analyzed in male and female mice. Results revealed a significant toxicity: LD50 was 1.10 (1.04-1.15)g/kg for male mice, and 1.05 (1.00-1.10)g/kg for female mice. Locomotion was affected as well as there were reflexes linked to environmental stimuli in addition to changes in posture. Progressive central nervous system stimulus signs such as trembling and convulsions were detected, the latter followed by the animal's death. Macroscopic histopathological exams performed on the liver, kidneys and lungs of mice submitted to necropsy did not indicate the existence of lesions. General activity of animals, measured in an open field, was reduced as a result of the administration of the extract. Duration of locomotion and rearing frequency were reduced, in opposition to an increase in the duration of immobility. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that monofluoroacetic acid is present in the lyophilized extract, but other qualitative techniques as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the MFAA was not present in the extract, and that the toxicity is related to other compound, although the toxic profile is very similar to that of MFAA. P. corymbifera was shown to be significantly toxic to laboratory animals and investigation of the possible toxic substance shall be done.