2017年1-12月中国稻谷和大米进出口数据分析安载学 张 妤 冯艳春*

S 文章主要阐述了 2017 年 1 — 12 月稻谷和大米进口与出口情况,同时分析了稻谷和大米贸易的主要特点,以期为农业科技工作者提供相关参考。     

二甲基苯蒽诱导山羊乳腺上皮细胞体外转化研究

分别用5,10和15μg／mL二甲基苯蒽(DMBA)的完全培养液处理体外培养的山羊乳腺上皮细胞36, 24和12 h,再以25 ng／mL佛波酯(TPA)作用2周,研究DMBA和TPA对山羊乳腺上皮细胞的诱导转化作用,确定最佳诱导转化条件,探讨二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对细胞增殖的影响。结果表明,用含15μg／mL DMBA的完全培养液培养12 h,再用TPA连续作用4 d,几乎无山羊乳腺上皮细胞存活,10μg／mL DMBA培养24 h转化效果较差,5μg／mL DMBA培养36 h转化效果最佳;转化的山羊乳腺上皮细胞体积增大、核浓缩、生长排列紊乱、无规则并出现转化灶; DMSO对细胞生长有抑制作用．随培养时间延长抑制作用减弱。试验初步建立了乳腺上皮细胞的体外转化系统。     

抗AIV(H9)独特型杂交瘤细胞株检测方法的建立

采用兔抗AIV IgG作为检测抗原,通过预试确定了包被抗原的工作浓度为800μg／mL,以间接ELISA 方法检测融合细胞培养上清液,筛选到产生抗AIV鸡和兔种间共有独特型抗体的杂交瘤细胞,间接ELISA试 验中P／N值达12,证明杂交瘤细胞分泌目的单克隆抗体旱现强阳性。运用该检测方法,排除了分泌抗鸡同种 型表位以及超变区其他表位抗体的杂交瘤细胞,从而为筛选分泌抗H9亚型AIV独特型单克隆抗体的杂交瘤 细胞确定了可靠的方法。     

精原干细胞更新分化的影响因素*

 精原干细胞可以体外培养、冷冻保存、遗传操作及移植，因而在医学、生物学及动物科学方面均有广泛应用前景。根据现有资料阐述一些因素，包括c-Kit受体及其配体SCF、白血病抑制因子（LIF）、维生素A（V_A）、表皮生长因子（EGF）、胶质细胞源神经营养因子（GDNF）、激素和温度，对精原干细胞更新分化的影响。     

工厂化育苗中根域容积对万寿菊幼苗生长的影响

以万寿菊色素专用品种'99146'(TageteserectaL.cvScarletade)为试验材料,采用50孔、72孔和128孔穴盘,从幼苗的生长量、根系活力及生理苗龄期等方面入手,探讨根域容积对幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:50孔、72孔和128孔穴盘育成的幼苗均生长良好,根域容积对万寿菊幼苗营养生长无显著影响。在实际生产中,根据成本及技术,建议采用72孔穴盘。     

小麦颖果合点细胞超微结构与籽粒灌浆的关系

 利用不同灌浆特性的 3个小麦品种 (系 )为材料 ,研究了小麦颖果合点细胞的超微结构与灌浆过程的关系。结果表明 ,合点细胞液泡中沉积的脂类和多糖对籽粒灌浆过程无明显的抑制作用。合点细胞内壁上脂类和木栓质积累的多少、出现的时间与灌浆进程、灌浆结束时间有直接关系。灌浆速率大小与品种特性有关。大粒型品种 (系 )鄂恩 1号和 95A 10的合点细胞内壁脂类和木栓质出现迟 ,数量少 ;而小粒型品种华麦 8号出现早 ,数量多。颖果发育慢和灌浆速率小是 95A 10籽粒不饱满的主要原因。合点细胞主要以质外体和共质体并存的方式运输养分 ,开花后 2 4d以共质体运输方式为主。     

鼻咽免疫组织化学标记 Ⅱ.神经内分泌性标记

应用神经特异性烯醇化酶和多种激素标记物的免疫组化技术,在鼻咽部发现有两类神经内分泌细胞,即上皮性神经内分泌细胞(存在于披复上皮和陷窝腺体)和小细胞性神经内分泌细胞(弥散分布或灶状聚集于固有膜和陷窝腺体周围)。作者对这两类细胞的来源、生物学特性和病理意义作了探讨。     

冷害对甜椒果实外部形态及细胞结构的影响

甜椒(Capsicum annuum L.)冷害初始症状在外观上表现为针眼状下陷斑点,随着冷害的加重,斑点扩大,并产生褐变。高湿度条件下冷害症状为锯齿状下陷斑痕。但高湿度可降低甜椒果实冷害发生率。在冷害温度(3℃)下,甜椒细胞结构的变化先于外观形态变化。其变化规律为表皮细胞首先发生质壁分离现象,同时细胞扁平化,最终导致果实表面下陷。     

Experimental Researches on Carcinogenesis or Tumorigenicity of MDCK Canine Kidney Cell(CKC) Lines and Analysis of Their Chromosome Karyotypes

The chromosomal number variations & structural aberrations of the MDCK cell line, primary feline or canine kidney cell(FKC or CKC) and Hela cell line were investigated and their karyotypes of conventional chromosome bands were analyzed. The carcinogenesis or tumorigenicity testing of these cell lines in about 232 nude mice and for colony formation in soft agarose and for haemagglutination under different concentration of plant lectins of these cells were carried out. Under the prerequisite that the incidence of cancer or tumor in negative-control nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with primary feline or canine kidney cell cultures purified in vitro at passage 3 was 0 (0/22) and 0 (0/10), respectively. The incidence of the progressively-growing malignant tumor(MT) in positive-control nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with Hela cell cultures of KB, X, or NM20/X strain was 10/10, 25/25 and 5/51, respectively. The results showed that the incidence of tumor in nude mice with tetrapioid YA strain of MDCK cell during 20 - 45 passages, with hypodiploid JB strain of MDCK cell on passage 25, with di-and hypoploid JC strain of MDCK cell during 2 - 15passages or with hypoploid M strain of MDCK cell during 9 - 27 passages was 28/58, 1/5, 4/18 and 0/31,respectively. The chromosomal analysis results showed that the ratio of difference in the rate of modal chromosome number between high (mcs + n) and lowest (mcs)passages was not more than 5 % - 15 % and the structure aberrations was generally 0 - 3%. These results proved that the genetic characteristics of chromosomal number of cell lines determines their tumorigenicity, but it is species-specific. MDCK line has tumorigenicity no matter what its chromosome karyotype is, at least it has very low tumorigenicity even when its modal chromosome number is hypoploid. The repeatedly frozen, thawed and split controls of tumorigenicity-positive cell lines(X strain of Hela, M strain of BHK-21, JA strain of Vero, YA strain of MDCK) have much lower tumorigenicity or are even non-carcinogenesis, and the repeatedly frozen, thawed and split controls of very low tumorigenicity cell lines (M or JC strain of MDCK) are certainly non-carcinogenic and never have increased tumorigenicity.It is thus evident that MDCK cell of M, JB or JC strain can be approved as substrate for the preparation of attenuated viral vaccines, but MDCK cell of YA strain can not be approved as substrate for the preparation of comattenuated viral vaccines. In summary, all strains of MDCK cell line have tunorigenicity, at least have low tumorigencity, never have non-cancinogenic MDCK, but very low tumorigenicity MDCK cell strains can certainly be used for the approval production of canine viral vaccines if the DNA content in viral cell cultures was remarkably decreased through conventional means in manufacturing process. Therefore, the master cell stock and working cell bank of MDCK line used for vaccine manufacture were established in China, which are free of infectious agents, and described with respect to cytogenetic characteristics and tumorigenicity. Tests showed that there were correlations among cell line chromosome number variations, anchorage independence in soft agarose, haemagglutination under plant lectins, and tumor-forming ability in nude mice, thus all the in vitro tests are economic, simple and reliable means for monitoring the tumor-forming ability of MDCK line in nude mice.     

基于柱体屈曲理论的树高曲线式和材积式

基于柱体屈曲理论推导出树高曲线式和材积式，应用于樟子松人工林效果良好．与传统方法比较，其有精度高、应用性强的优点