影响牛精子体外获能的因素

本文针对牛胚胎体外生产的关键技术环节体外受精，从温度、卵母细胞、公牛个体、培养液组成、渗透压及pH值等方面阐述了影响牛精子体外获能的因素。     

Comparison of two topical treatments of gastro-oesophageal regurgitation in dogs during general anaesthesia

ObjectiveTo determine whether suction, lavage and instillation of sodium bicarbonate, following a gastro-oesophageal regurgitation event under general anaesthesia, would alter oesophageal pH to a greater degree than when lavage was not used.Study designProspective, randomised, clinical study.AnimalsA group of 22 client-owned dogs.MethodsDogs presenting with gastro-oesophageal regurgitation (GOReg) under general anaesthesia were randomised into groups: no lavage (G1) or lavage (G2). All dogs underwent oesophageal suctioning until no further regurgitant material was retrieved. Dogs in G2 had oesophageal lavage with tap water until the suctioned water was clear. All dogs then had 4.2% sodium bicarbonate (0.6 mL kg^–1) instilled into the oesophagus. An oesophageal pH probe was placed to record pH immediately after: GOReg (T1), suctioning (T2), lavage of the oesophagus (T3; G2 only) and sodium bicarbonate instillation (T4). Categorical data were analysed using Fisher’s exact test, and continuous data were analysed using either the two-sample t-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Parametric data are reported as mean ± standard deviation and non-parametric data as median (interquartile range). A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOesophageal pH was low in both groups immediately after GOReg [G1: 2.95 (2.20–4.18), G2: 3.29 (1.41–4.03)] but oesophageal pH was not significantly different between groups at T1, T2 and T4. Oesophageal lavage significantly increased pH but the overall change in pH following bicarbonate administration (T2–T4) was not significantly different between groups [G1: 3.16 ± 1.52, G2: 3.52 ± 1.47]. No adverse events following GOReg were recorded.Conclusions and clinical relevance:Both groups had similar and clinically important increases in oesophageal pH. Although oesophageal lavage increased pH, this did not affect the final oesophageal pH when sodium bicarbonate was instilled and therefore may be an unnecessary step.     

甘露糖浸种对干旱胁迫下白三叶种子萌发及抗旱性的影响

以‘拉丁诺'(Ladino)白三叶为供试材料,研究甘露糖(MAS)浸种对18%PEG6000干旱胁迫下白三叶种子萌发过程中淀粉代谢、根系活力、渗透调节、抗氧化防御及基因差异表达的影响。试验结果表明,低浓度(0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0mmol·L^-1)的MAS浸种预处理能显著提高干旱胁迫下白三叶种子的萌发,其中2.0mmol·L^-1的MAS效果最为明显,但高浓度(10.0mmol·L^-1)的MAS浸种处理显著降低了干旱胁迫下种子的萌发率。进一步试验发现,2.0mmol·L^-1MAS浸种预处理能显著提高干旱胁迫下种子萌发时根系生长、根系活力和淀粉酶活性,有效缓解干旱胁迫抑制的淀粉分解,也显著增加了干旱胁迫下种子萌发过程中游离脯氨酸的积累,并降低细胞渗透势。此外,2.0mmol·L^-1的MAS浸种预处理后,种子在干旱胁迫下萌发过程中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及细胞总抗氧化能力显著提高,MnSOD和POD基因转录水平显著增强,维持了细胞内显著较低的活性氧、电解质渗透率和MDA含量,缓解了胁迫对细胞造成的氧化性伤害。但2.0mmol·L^-1MAS浸种预处理并没有提高水分胁迫下白三叶种子萌发时可溶性糖含量,推测MAS促进淀粉分解产生的糖可能主要用于维持胁迫下籽苗的生长。上述结果表明MAS显著提高白三叶种子在干旱胁迫下萌发时的抗性且与促进淀粉代谢、提高渗透调节能力及增强抗氧化防御系统密切相关,且低浓度MAS浸种处理对正常水分条件下白三叶种子萌发也具有一定的促进作用。     

Listeriosis in sheep. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from grass silage.

Two hundred and ninety-one grass silage samples from 113 farms with recent outbreaks of listeriosis were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). The frequency of Lm isolations increased with increasing pH. Lm was isolated from 22 % of the samples with pH < 4, from 37 % with pH 4–5 and from 56 % with pH > 5. Formic acid had been used as additive.A similar investigation was carried out on 32 samples from a farm with no outbreak of listeriosis during the investigation period. Lm was isolated from 9 samples.     

酸化红薯粉渣对肉兔生长性能、免疫器官指数和胃肠pH的影响

为探讨酸化红薯粉渣对肉兔生长性能、免疫器官指数和胃肠pH的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机分组设计,选取128只(公母各半)50日龄体重相近的新西兰兔随机分为4个处理组(对照组、试验1组、2组和3组),每组4个重复,分别饲喂含0%、5%、10%、15%酸化红薯粉渣的饲粮。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2组和3组肉兔日均采食量、平均日增重、胸腺指数和脾脏指数均显著提高(P<0.05),胃pH显著降低(P<0.05);试验1、2和3组腹泻率、十二指肠pH、盲肠pH均有所降低(P>0.05)。由此可见,在饲料中添加适量的酸化红薯粉渣能提高肉兔的生长性能和免疫器官指数,降低胃肠pH,其中添加量为10%~15%效果较理想。     

宰前短期添加镁对PIC育肥猪肉色和pH值的影响

试验研究了宰前短期添加不同剂量镁对PIC育肥猪肉质的影响。试验以PIC育肥猪为研究对象,共分4个处理,每个处理4头。分别在限饲基础日粮基础上每日补饲0、2、4、6 g镁。结果表明:每头添加镁2 g/d有提高色素含量趋势(P>0.05),添加4 g/d可极显著提高肌肉色素含量7.41%(P<0.01),添加6 g/d显著提高肌肉色素含量(P<0.05);肉色评分随添加剂量的增加而提高,2 g/d可以显著提高肉色评分(P<0.05),4、6 g/d可极显著提高肉色评分(P<0.01);随镁添加量的增加,肌肉pH值显著提高(P<0.05),6 g/d添加组与对照组相比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。宰前5 d补镁可增加肉色,显著提高肌肉pH值,改善猪肉品质。     

4份偃麦草资源对干旱胁迫的生理响应

为了解偃麦草(Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski)的抗旱生理机制,在盆栽控水条件下,对抗旱性不同的4份偃麦草种质资源进行干旱胁迫生理响应研究。结果表明:干旱后土壤含水量呈下降趋势,且胁迫后0 d,5 d,10 d,15 d间土壤含水量差异显著(P<0.05);干旱胁迫过程中偃麦草叶片水分饱和亏缺(WSD)、电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈上升趋势,超氧化物酶(SOD)活性与可溶性蛋白含量呈现先升高后降低趋势,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性则表现降低趋势;与其他材料相比,抗旱性强的材料E01的WSD值上升慢、增加率低,SOD活性峰值出现时间晚且峰值最高,可溶性蛋白含量变化小,脯氨酸积累少,且MDA积累慢、含量低。     

肌肉系水力的影响因素及其可能机制

系水力是反映肉品质的重要指标,对肌肉的物理形态、风味、肉色等都有重要的意义.研究表明,肌肉净电荷含量减少、肌肉收缩、肌肉细胞蛋白降解以及遗传因素等都会影响系水力,但是目前对影响肌肉系水力的具体作用机制尚不完全明确.本文旨在结合国内外研究进展,对系水力的影响因素及其机制进行综述.同时,如何通过各种手段调控系水力,获得优良的肉质产品,是未来重要的研究方向.     

九种根际促生菌最适培养条件初探

测定了分离自燕麦和小麦根际九株促生菌对温度、pH值、光照及培养方式的需求,结果表明:虽然九株促生菌适应范围较广,即在5~45℃、pH4~9、3种光照条件(12h黑暗12h光照、24h光照和24h黑暗)和3种培养方式(全天振荡、间歇振荡和静止培养)下均能较好生长,但不同菌株的最适培养条件不尽相同。通过对各菌株的最适培养条件进行了测定和分析,为后续确定促生菌的最佳发酵条件和生态适应性评价提供了依据。     

日粮阴阳离子水平对围产期奶水牛泌乳性能的影响

本试验研究了日粮阴阳离子(DCAD)水平对围产期的泌乳水牛采食量、尿液pH值、泌乳初期泌乳性能的影响。选择32头2胎以上、品种、上期泌乳量、健康体况相似的处于围产期的泌乳水牛,随机分成4个组,分别饲喂DCAD水平为+139.89、+54.22、-29.11和-110.21mmoL/kg的4种日粮进行试验,试验期为产前21 d开始至产后30 d。结果表明:随着日粮DCAD水平的降低,各组间试验水牛干物质采食量无显著差异,尿液pH值随之显著降低。各组产奶量无显著差异,但可提高水牛产后泌乳量2.50%～4.86%,极显著降低水牛乳体细胞数(P<0.01);乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳糖率均有显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,泌乳水牛日粮适宜DCAD水平为-110.21 mmoL/kg左右。