共词聚类分析法的类团实例研究——对肿瘤治疗热点主题的分析

共词聚类分析法是共词分析法中的一种。它借助聚类算法把关系相对密切的主题聚集成类团 ，一个类团代表一个研究点，通过对类团的分析揭示学科研究的特点。以肿瘤治疗热点 主题为例，从类团的构成、演化、消失、新增与整体进行对比分析，从而揭示肿瘤治疗研究 近10年来的变化过程。     

Effects of HIF-1α silencing on proliferation of rat hepatoma cells

AIM：To study the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) silencing on the proliferation of hepatoma cells under hypoxia. METHODS：Rat hepatoma cell line CBRH-7919 was used in this study. Hypoxia model was established by treating the cells with cobalt chloride (CoCl2). The expression of HIF-1α was silenced by small interfe-rence RNA. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and/or protein expression of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p21 and cyclin D1 in CBRH-7919 cells under hypoxia. The proliferation of CBRH-7919 cells was measured by the technique of 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. RESULTS：The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF at mRNA and protein levels was significantly increased under hypoxia (P<0.05). Silencing of HIF-1α significantly inhibited the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and cyclin D1 at mRNA and/or protein levels, while increased the protein expression of p21 (P<0.05). The BrdU-positive cells in HIF-1α siRNA transfection group were significantly less than those in control group. CONCLUSION：HIF-1α silencing significantly inhibits the proliferation of hepatoma cells under hypoxia.     

棉花药害的原因分析及对策

调查分析了棉花药害的症状和产生原因 ,提出了药害预防及补救措施 ,对保证棉花安全生产具有重要指导意义。     

静原鸡let-7a-5p的靶基因预测及组织表达分析

【目的】了解let-7a-5p的生物学信息,初步探索其在静原鸡肌肉组织中的功能作用。【方法】利用生物信息学方法对转录组测序获得的静原鸡let-7a-5p的成熟序列进行保守性分析,使用miRDB、TargetScan和miRanda在线软件预测let-7a-5p的靶基因,取其交集进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,并利用实时荧光定量PCR检测let-7a-5p在静原鸡公鸡和母鸡各组织中的表达水平。【结果】let-7a-5p的成熟序列在各物种间高度保守,共预测得到38个基因集合。在生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能中靶基因富集较多的GO条目有细胞过程、生物调节、细胞、结合和催化活性;靶基因显著富集于聚酮糖单元生物合成、AGE-RAGE信号通路在糖尿病并发症中的作用、泛素介导的蛋白水解、TGF-β信号通路和加压素调节的水重吸收信号通路,且富集最多的是代谢途径、AGE-RAGE信号通路在糖尿病并发症中的作用、泛素介导的蛋白水解和MAPK信号通路。let-7a-5p-靶基因互作主要通过作用于靶mRNA的3'-UTR抑制表达或使其降解。组织表达发现,let-7a-5p在静原鸡公、母鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胸肌和腿肌组织中均有表达,且在胸肌和腿肌中表达量均较高。【结论】let-7a-5p可能靶向调节靶基因的表达,从而参与静原鸡肌肉生长发育,为进一步探究let-7a-5p的功能和作用机制提供理论依据。     

circRNA-Zfp609对C2C12成肌细胞增殖和分化的影响

【目的】试验旨在探究circRNA-Zfp609调节C2C12成肌细胞增殖和分化的潜在分子机制。【方法】利用RT-PCR和测序分析小鼠骨骼肌组织和C2C12成肌细胞中circRNA-Zfp609的表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测小鼠心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、小肠、骨骼肌组织及增殖12、24、36、48 h和分化0、1、3、5 d的C2C12成肌细胞中circRNA-Zfp609的相对表达量;实时荧光定量PCR检测分化0、1、3、5 d的C2C12成肌细胞中肌细胞生成素（MyoG）和肌球蛋白重链（MyHC）的相对表达量。用circRNA-Zfp609的干扰表达载体（siRNA）干扰细胞,通过CCK-8测定siRNA对C2C12成肌细胞增殖率的影响;用实时荧光定量PCR检测siRNA干扰对circRNA-Zfp609、MyoG和MyHC相对表达量的影响。通过TargetScan 7.0和miRDB软件预测circRNA-Zfp609上与肌肉分化相关的miRNA位点,将筛选的miRNAs的过表达载体转染HEK293T细胞,利用双荧光素酶报告试验验证circRNA-Zfp609与miRNA的互作关系。根据miRNAs对circRNA-Zfp609的互作,构建circRNA-Zfp609的野生型和突变型载体并转染HEK293T细胞,利用双荧光素酶报告试验验证circRNA-Zfp609对miRNA的靶向关系。【结果】PCR和测序结果表明,小鼠骨骼肌中可表达circRNA-Zfp609;circRNA-Zfp609在小鼠骨骼肌中表达水平最高,在其他组织中的表达量由高到低依次是肾脏、肺脏、心脏、肝脏、胃、脾脏和小肠。与12 h相比,在C2C12成肌细胞增殖的36和48 h circRNA-Zfp609的相对表达量显著增加（P<0.05）;与分化第0天相比,在C2C12成肌细胞分化的第1、3和5天circRNA-Zfp609的相对表达量均显著增加（P<0.05）,MyoG、MyHC的相对表达量均极显著增加（P<0.01）。与NC组相比,siRNA组C2C12成肌细胞的增殖率和circRNA-Zfp609相对表达量均极显著降低（P<0.01）,MyoG和MyHC的相对表达量显著降低（P<0.05）。circRNA-Zfp609上有miR-150-5p、miR-327、miR-344g-3p和miR-615-5p 4种与肌肉分化相关的miRNAs。circRNA-Zfp609与miR-615-5p的吸附能力最强,具有靶向结合作用。circRNA-Zfp609可以作为分子海绵与调控肌肉分化相关的miR-615-5p相互作用。【结论】circRNA-Zfp609在小鼠的组织中广泛表达,在骨骼肌中表达水平最高;circRNA-Zfp609在C2C12成肌细胞增殖和分化的不同时期差异表达,circRNA-Zfp609上有4个与肌肉分化相关的miRNAs,其中miR-615-5p与circRNA-Zfp609具有靶向关系。本研究结果可为与家畜骨骼肌生长发育相关的研究提供参考。     

胶合板用改性脲醛树脂的调制与应用

分别就改性脲醛(UF)树脂的调胶pH值以及面粉加量对胶液胶合性能的影响进行讨论.结果表明,随着pH值降低,胶合强度和预压强度增大,固化时间和适用期缩短,甲醛释放量降低;面粉用量增大对胶液粘度影响显著,对胶合强度、甲醛释放量有不利影响,但可改善预压性能.综合考虑生产实际,以pH值4.5和面粉加量20%为宜.     

北沟林场精品流域区华北落叶松林分结构研究

通过对北沟林场精品流域区华北落叶松林分结构进行研究,结果表明:在树种组成复杂程度上,落阔混交林大于华北落叶松纯林,而且落阔混交林的树种组成比纯林更加合理,结构更加稳定,在空间利用上也更加充分;在水平结构上,各树种直径大小分布均匀程度比较:落阔混交林大于华北落叶松纯林;在垂直结构上,落阔混交林有分层现象,但差异不明显,而华北落叶松纯林无明显分层。     

Antihyperglycemic Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platycodon grandiflorum</Emphasis> (Jacq.) A. DC. Extract on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice

The root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC has been reported to have a wide range of health benefits in oriental food. This study examined the hypoglycemic effects of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC aqueous-ethanol extract (PGE) in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic ICR mice (STZ diabetic mice) for the first time. The effects of PGE on blood glucose, plasma insulin levels and body weight were investigated. A significant decrease in blood glucose levels was observed after single administration of PGE. Furthermore, Glibenclamide and PGE significantly suppressed the rise in blood glucose after 30 min in the acute glucose tolerance test. Treatment with glibenclamide and PGE resulted in a reduction in blood glucose levels from the 2nd week, and this reduction was maintained until the 4th week of treatment. The body weight changed slightly in glibenclamide and PGE treated mice in comparison with the STZ control group. Plasma insulin levels were increased with glibenclamide treatment in STZ diabetic mice, whereas such effect was not observed with PGE. These results indicated that PGE could induce hypoglycemic effects without stimulating insulin secretion.     

非洲猪瘟病毒p30蛋白单克隆抗体制备及线性抗原表位定位

【目的】制备非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）p30蛋白的单克隆抗体（monoclonal antibodies,MAbs）并初步分析其所识别的线性抗原表位,为ASFV及其抗体检测方法的建立及p30蛋白结构和功能的研究奠定基础。【方法】将原核表达并纯化的p30重组蛋白作为免疫原,免疫6—8周龄BALB/c雌鼠,每两周免疫1次,共免疫3次,首次免疫是抗原与等体积的弗氏完全佐剂乳化后免疫,第二次和第三次免疫与等体积的弗氏不完全佐剂乳化,3次免疫后1 w断尾采血,间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清抗体效价,选择血清效价最高的小鼠进行加强免疫,3 d后取小鼠脾淋巴细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞按照4﹕1的比例使用PEG进行常规细胞融合。利用重组p30蛋白作为包被抗原,间接ELISA筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞,有限稀释法进行克隆纯化,直至筛出能够稳定分泌抗体的MAbs。将ASFV接种于猪肺泡巨噬细胞,以筛选的MAbs为一抗、兔抗鼠HRP-IgG为二抗,进行间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）。将感染和未感染ASFV的细胞沉淀处理后进行 SDS-PAGE并转印至硝酸纤维素膜,分别以IFA鉴定为阳性的MAbs上清为一抗、兔抗鼠HRP-IgG为二抗,进行Western blotting分析,筛选获得p30 MAbs。根据已知序列设计引物扩增p30ab与p30bc两段截短基因,其中p30ab代表由第86—153位氨基酸残基的截短体,p30bc代表由第120—187位氨基酸残基的截短体,原核表达部分重叠的截短p30蛋白,最终获得重组蛋白GST-p30ab与重组蛋白GST-p30bc。分别以GST-p30ab和GST-p30bc融合蛋白为包被抗原,以5株MAbs为一抗,以兔抗鼠HRP-IgG为二抗, 通过间接ELISA方法初步定位p30蛋白的抗原表位。【结果】以纯化的重组蛋白为包被抗原,经间接ELISA试验筛选出25株可分泌抗重组 p30蛋白的杂交瘤细胞株。IFA结果显示,5株MAbs（8F4、1D3、1H2、6C3和8E11）与ASFV感染的猪肺泡巨噬细胞IFA 试验呈阳性;Western blotting结果显示,5株MAbs均能够与ASFV感染的细胞呈阳性反应,与未感染病毒的细胞呈阴性反应。试验构建的p30截短体重组蛋白GST-p30ab以可溶和包涵体两种形式表达,而GST-p30bc仅以包涵体形式表达,以两组截短体融合蛋白为包被抗原,通过间接ELISA检测出MAbs 8F4、1H2和6C3与两个重组蛋白均能有效结合,证明MAbs 8F4、1H2和6C3抗原识别区域为两组截短蛋白重叠区域,即第120—153位氨基酸;MAbs 8E11与1D3则只能与GST-p30ab蛋白结合, 证明MAbs 8E11与1D3抗原识别区域为两个重组蛋白的非重叠区域,即第86—119位氨基酸。【结论】本研究可溶性地表达了p30蛋白的第86—153位氨基酸截短体重组蛋白,制备了5株p30 MAbs,定位到2个p30蛋白抗原表位。结合ELISA和IFA,可建立十分可靠的ASFV及其抗体的检测手段。     

Immunohistochemical Expression of Potential Therapeutic Targets in Canine Thyroid Carcinoma

Background

Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine tumor in the dog. Local invasive growth frequently precludes surgical excision and, in up to 38% of dogs, the tumor has already metastasized by the time of diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to investigate new treatment modalities that may be useful for the large number of dogs with inoperable tumors or metastatic disease.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of potential therapeutic targets in canine thyroid tumors.

Animals

74 dogs with thyroid neoplasia.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was performed for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p53, cycloxygenase‐2 (cox‐2), and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp).

Results

Fifty‐four (73%) tumors were classified as follicular cell thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and 20 (27%) as medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). Eighty percent of FTCs and all MTCs had a high percentage (76–100%) of neoplastic cells immunopositive for VEGF. Thirteen percent of FTCs and 50% of MTCs expressed cox‐2. Seven percent of FTCs and 70% of MTCs expressed P‐gp. No tumor was immunopositive for p53 expression. Expression of VEGF (P = .034), cox‐2 (P = .013), and P‐gp (P < .001) was significantly higher in MTCs compared to FTCs.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

VEGF is a potential therapeutic target in both FTC and MTC in dogs. Cox‐2 and P‐gp may be useful molecular targets in canine MTC.