亚硝酸盐对凡纳滨对虾血细胞毒性及p53基因表达的影响

随着水产动物集约化养殖的迅猛发展,水质污染问题日益加剧,环境中亚硝酸盐的含量不断上升,成为水产养殖中诱发爆发性疾病的重要环境因子。为探讨亚硝酸盐对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）血细胞的毒性以及 p53 mRNA 的影响,通过预试验以及前期资料获取亚硝酸盐对凡纳滨对虾的毒性效应,选取0 mg／L 对照组和20 mg／L 浓度组,用流式细胞术检测血细胞活性氧（ROS）、一氧化氮（NO）含量和非特异性酯酶活性,运用荧光定量 PCR 技术检测 p53基因表达量变化。结果显示,在亚硝酸盐应激12 h 后,对虾血细胞的 NO 含量与对照组相比有显著升高（P ＜0．05）,在应激24、48、72 h 后有极显著的升高（P ＜0．01）;ROS 含量在应激12、48、72 h 时有极显著升高（P ＜0．01）,在应激24 h 时与对照组相比有显著的升高（P ＜0．05）。非特异性酯酶活性在应激24、48、72 h 显著下降（P ＜0．05）,p53的表达水平在应激48 h 和72 h 后显著升高（P ＜0．05）。研究表明,亚硝酸盐应激诱导对虾血细胞产生了过量的 NO 和 ROS,造成氧化胁迫作用,诱导凋亡相关基因的表达,最终导致细胞凋亡。     

外源NO对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗氧化损伤的保护作用

用不同浓度的外源一氧化氮(NO)供体SNP处理100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下一年生燕麦草幼苗,研究了外源NO对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗氧化损伤的影响.结果表明,外源NO可缓解NaCl胁迫造成的燕麦幼苗膜质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的升高,促进脯氨酸(Pro)积累,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,并能缓解叶绿素含量的降解,提高可溶性糖的含量.而且NO的这种作用存在明显的剂量效应,其中以0.2 mmol/L SNP处理效果最为显著.     

Association of oxidative status and insulin sensitivity in periparturient dairy cattle: an observational study

Post‐parturient insulin resistance (IR) is a common feature in all mammalian animals. However, in dairy cows, it can be exacerbated because of high milk yield, leading to excessive negative energy balance, which is related with increased disease incidence, reduced milk production and worsened reproductive performance. IR has been extensively investigated in humans suffering from diabetes mellitus. In these subjects, it is known that oxidative stress (OS) plays a causative role in the onset of IR. Although OS occurs in transitional dairy cattle, there are yet no studies that investigated the association between IR and OS in dairy cattle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between OS and IR in dairy cattle. Serum samples were taken repeatedly from 22 dairy cows from 2 months prior to the expected calving date to 2 months after calving and were analysed for markers of metabolic and redox balance. Surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity were also calculated. Generalised linear mixed models revealed an effect of the oxidative status on peripheral insulin concentration and on indices of insulin sensitivity. Hence, field trials should investigate the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy on insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues during the transition period of dairy cattle.     

丁酸钠对脂多糖诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系炎性损伤的修复作用

本研究拟通过分析丁酸钠对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系(MAC-T细胞)炎性损伤的修复作用,进一步从体外角度阐述丁酸钠对奶牛乳腺健康的调控机制。在MAC-T细胞中添加不同浓度(0、1、10、100、1 000、10 000 ng/mL)的LPS,检测细胞活力,以确定LPS的适宜浓度,建立细胞氧化损伤模型;并进一步在MAC-T细胞中添加不同浓度(0、2、4、8、16、32μmol/L)的丁酸钠,检测细胞凋亡率,以确定丁酸钠的适宜浓度。最终选用1 000 ng/mL LPS和16μmol/L丁酸钠用于本试验。试验分为3组,分别为对照组、LPS处理组和LPS+丁酸钠处理组,分别对其细胞形态、氧化应激指标及凋亡蛋白mRNA表达水平进行检测。结果表明：1)对照组MAC-T细胞呈扁平的无规则形态,贴壁状态良好;而LPS处理组MAC-T细胞核固缩、破裂,并出现大面积死亡脱落现象;LPS+丁酸钠处理组MAC-T细胞边缘清楚,胞内颗粒较少,死亡脱落现象明显减少。2)与对照组相比,LPS处理组MAC-T细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)显著降低(P<0.05),丙...     

Effects of dietary myrcene administration on antioxidant gene responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), exposed to copper sulphate

In the present study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were fed with diet supplemented with 0% (M0) or 0.5% (M0.5) myrcene for 6 week and exposed to ambient copper (0.2 mg/L) for further 2 weeks. Gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione reductase (gr) and glutathione S‐transferase (gst) were assayed in the fish brain and kidney, and thiobarbituric reactive substance (TBARS) levels were determined in blood plasma. The results showed that there was no significant difference in TBARS levels between the M0 and M0.5 treatments, before the copper exposure; however, the M0 had significantly higher TBARS levels compared to the M0.5, after the copper exposure. The antioxidant genes showed different patterns in the fish brain and kidney. The genes were up‐regulated in the fish brain by dietary myrcene and copper exposure. However, in the fish kidney, the M0.5 treatment showed no change in sod, cat, gpx before and after the copper exposure. The results suggest that myrcene is capable to induce antioxidant enzymes that prepare the fish for a further oxidative condition (i.e. copper exposure). Dietary myrcene at 0.5% level is suggested for common carp before treatment with copper sulphate.     

纳米硒对小鼠氧化损伤的保护作用

采用给小鼠颈后皮下注射D 半乳糖水溶液,同时灌胃不同浓度的纳米硒混悬液,10d后测定血浆中脂质过氧化物(LPO)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH PX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性.结果表明,D 半乳糖可使小鼠血浆LPO含量显著升高(P<0 05),GSH PX和SOD活性显著降低(P<0 05);给予纳米硒后血浆中LPO含量显著降低(P<0 05),而SOD和GSH PX活性显著升高(P<0 05).说明D 半乳糖可导致小鼠氧化损伤,纳米硒可通过提高GSH PX和SOD的活性保护D 半乳糖所致小鼠的氧化损伤.     

Reduced protein kinase C activity and endogenous protein phosphorylation in ethionine-induced fatty liver in cows

Protein kinase C (PKC) activity was evaluated and the phosphorylation of its endogenous substrates was explored in fatty liver induced by administration of ethionine (an analogue of methionine) to cows in order to assess the relevance of PKC-dependent phosphorylation in the development of fatty liver. PKC activity was decreased in both the cytosolic and the total particulate fractions from fatty livers, compared to the corresponding fractions from control liver. The mode of activation by the PKC cofactors (1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, phosphatidylserine and Ca²⁺) was similar in both control and fatty livers, suggesting a quantitative but not a qualitative change in PKC in fatty liver. At least three substrate proteins (34 kDa, 26 kDa and 19 kDa) were found in the cytosolic fraction and their phosphorylation was reduced in fatty liver. These results suggest that impairment of the signal transduction pathway mediated by PKC is involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver in cows.Abbreviations ATP adenosine triphosphate - EGTA ethylene glycol bis(-aminoethylether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid - NEFA non-esterified fatty acid - OAG 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol - PKC protein kinase C - PS phosphatidylserine - SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - TG triglyceride - TPA 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate     

Dietary profile of n‐3 series LC‐PUFAs in rainbow trout under regular stripping condition: Semen production and quality,hepato‐somatic index,haemato‐immunologic values,oxidative stress and fatty acid composition of liver,muscle and semen

In this study, the semen production and quality, hepato‐somatic index, haemato‐immunologic values, oxidative stress and the fatty acid contents in liver, muscle and semen of rainbow trout fed diets supplemented n‐3 series long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs) under regular stripping condition were investigated. For this aim, three diets (Control, D1 and D2) were prepared. These diets were contained n‐3 LC‐PUFAs (as a percentage of dietary total fatty acid) at 3.14%, 7.84% and 13.63% respectively. Experimental fish were fed with the control and test diets. The highest hepato‐somatic index, spermatologic (semen pH and volume, sperm motility and density), haematologic (haematocrit value, haemoglobin, erythrocyte count, corpuscular volume, haemoglobin and its concentration in corpuscular), immunologic (nitroblue tetrazolium activity, leucocyte count, phagocytic index, protein and immunoglobulin [IgM] in total plasma) and antioxidants (reduced glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) values were found in fish fed the D2, D1 and control diets respectively (p < 0.01). Increase in the dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFAs was not significantly (p > 0.01) increased the oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) in fish. The results indicated that the n‐3 LC‐PUFAs at 13.63% level of total fatty acid in the diet could increase the semen production and quality, hepato‐somatic index, haematologic and immunologic values, and the n‐3 LC‐PUFA contents in liver, muscle and semen of rainbow trout broodstock under regular stripping condition.     

枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠抗氧化功能的影响。将45只体重相近[(35±1)g]的普通ICR小鼠随机分为对照组(基础饲粮)、高脂组(高脂饲粮)、试验组[添加质量分数为0.1%枯草芽孢杆菌B1的高脂饲粮],每组3个重复,每个重复5只,饲养30 d。观察枯草芽孢杆菌B1对高脂饲粮小鼠肠黏膜、肝脏和血清的抗氧化能力、氧化应激状态的影响。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,高脂组小鼠的肠黏膜总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著减少了28.34%(P<0.01),肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和硫氧还蛋白还原酶活性分别显著降低了22.91%(P<0.05)、37.35%(P<0.01)、47.47%(P<0.01)和36.42%(P<0.05);血清还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、GSH-Px和抗超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)活性分别显著下降了30.73%(P<0.01)、47.26%(P<0.01)和8.02%(P<0.01);肝脏8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OhdG)含量显著增加了67.87%(P<0.01)。2)与高脂组相比,试验组小鼠的肠黏膜T-AOC显著增加了32.44%(P<0.05),肝脏GSH含量和CAT活性分别显著上升了38.27%(P<0.05)和53.01%(P<0.05);血清T-AOC、GSH含量、GSH-Px和抗O2-.活性分别显著提高了10.72%(P<0.05)、38.01%(P<0.05)、51.98%(P<0.01)和13.45%(P<0.01);肝脏丙二醛、8-OHdG含量和黄嘌呤氧化酶活性分别显著下降了16.01%(P<0.05)、37.52%(P<0.01)和16.25%(P<0.05)。由此可见,高脂饲粮降低了小鼠肠黏膜、肝脏和血清的抗氧化功能;添加枯草芽孢杆菌B1对饲喂高脂饲粮小鼠的抗氧化功能具有一定的增强作用,并能减少机体的氧化应激状态,较好地保护组织细胞,免受氧化损伤。     

Dietary β‐carotene improves growth performance and antioxidant status of juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary synthetic β‐carotene on growth performance, haematological and immunological parameters, energy reserves and antioxidant status of juvenile fish Piaractus mesopotamicus. Two hundred and ten fish (12.24 ± 2.98 g) were fed with a control extruded feed (CEF) and the same diet supplemented with β‐carotene (BEF) for 90 days. A higher weight gain and specific growth rate were found in fish fed BEF in comparison with those fed CEF. In addition, BEF‐fed fish showed lower liver somatic index and a higher percentage of eosinophils. No statistical differences were found in energy reserves, except for plasma triglycerides which decreased in fish fed with BEF. Regarding oxidative stress markers, decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes were found in intestine and gills of BEF‐fed fish (SOD and GST, respectively). In the liver, both LPO levels and CAT activity decreased in fish fed with BEF. Additionally, lower brain LPO levels without changes in the antioxidant enzymes were observed in BEF‐fed fish. The inclusion of dietary synthetic β‐carotene improved growth and antioxidant status, and had a plasma triglyceride‐lowering effect in juvenile P. mesopotamicus.