哺乳动物精清诱导排卵活性蛋白质研究

在动物的精清里包含一些与动物生殖生理活动密切相关的活性蛋白和多肽。驼科动物的双峰驼、美洲驼、羊驼和澳洲考拉等哺乳动物精清中含有类似促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)作用的活性蛋白质,诱导排卵因子(ovulation inducing factor,OIF),它能引发外周血液中促黄体素(LH)峰浓度的出现和诱发母畜排卵。OIF被认为是一种新的生物活性蛋白质或潜在的新型激素。甚至报道在牛等自发排卵动物以及人精清中也存在类似的活性蛋白。这类因子的发现对于哺乳动物生殖生理及繁殖的深入研究具有重要的意义,有助于动物克服繁殖障碍及繁殖疾病的治疗等。     

牛胚胎移植研究进展

人工授精技术可极大地提高公畜的利用效率，而胚胎移植技术则是充分挖掘优良母畜的繁殖潜力的有效途径。该技术的应用可从很大程度上提高母畜的繁殖率，从而在短时间内迅速扩大优良种群，加速畜群改良和纯种繁育进程，也是迅速提高我国牛群整体水平的重要而有效的手段，本文就牛胚胎移植的研究现状、关键技术以及影响胚胎移植的因素作以探讨。     

猫感染斯氏肺吸虫六个月内排卵量及排卵高峰的观察

为探讨猫感染斯氏肺吸虫囊蚴后，虫体是否具有排卵规律性，以便为肺吸虫流行病学调查，临床诊断，疗效考核，实验环境灭卵等方面提供参考。用改良Kato法对猫感染斯氏肺吸虫(P．s)后定期查粪便达6个月，观察不同时间的排卵量。结果。4只感染斯氏肺吸虫猫分别于感染后第57天和第58天．在粪便中开始查到排出的P．s虫卵。用改良Kato法获得定时定量的EPG数据。结论认为Paragonimus skrjabini虫卵具有排卵高峰期，第1个高峰出现在感染后第4个月左右。第2个排卵高峰出现在感染后第5个月左右。     

Abortion in dairy cattle with advanced twin pregnancies: Incidence and timing

This study examines incidences and timing of abortion in Holstein Friesian dairy cows with advanced twin pregnancies in north‐eastern Spain. The study population consisted of 1,194 twin pregnancies in two herds recorded from 2010 to 2015: 522 bilateral and 672 unilateral. The presence of live twins was determined by transrectal ultrasonography between 55 and 61 days post‐AI and pregnancy confirmed 60 days later. Abortion was recorded in 278 (23.3%) cows before Day 260 of pregnancy: 7 (1.3%) in bilateral and 271 (40.3%) in unilateral twin pregnancies. Using binary logistic regression procedures the following were excluded as risk factors for abortion: herd, year, heat stress (temperature‐humidity index values >72), lactation number and right versus left side for unilateral twins. Based on odds ratios, cows carrying unilateral twins were 49.9 (right unilateral twins) and 49.3 (left unilateral twins) times more likely to suffer abortion than cows with bilateral twins. The average time of abortion for unilateral twins was 173 ± 32 days and ranged from 135 to 249 days, 43% of abortions occurring between 135 and 154 days of gestation. The authors suggest prevention or reduction of unilateral twin pregnancies by follicular puncture and drainage of subordinate follicles at AI or manual rupture of the amniotic vesicle of one of the two twins at the time of pregnancy diagnosis.     

Research Progress on Oviposition-Related Genes in Insects

Oviposition-related genes have remained a consistent focus of insect molecular biology. Previous research has gradually clarified our mechanistic understanding of oviposition-related genes, including those related to oviposition-gland-related genes, oogenesis-related genes, oviposition-site-selection-related genes, and genes related to ovulation and hatching. Moreover, some of this research has revealed how the expression of single oviposition-related genes affects the expression of related genes, and more importantly, how individual node genes function to link the expression of upstream and downstream genes. However, the research to date is not sufficient to completely explain the overall interactions among the genes of the insect oviposition system. Through a literature review of a large number of studies, this review provides references for future research on oviposition-related genes in insects and the use of RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9 technology to verify the functions of oviposition-related genes and to prevent and control harmful insects.     

Analysis of B-ultrasound Luteal Variation Related Indicators of Delayed Ovulation Dairy Cows after Estrus at Different Stages

The study was aimed to observe the variation and differences of corpus luteum of delayed ovulation cows after estrus.Based on the observation of clinical symptoms, rectal examination and diagnosis of B-ultrasound scanning, 8 delayed ovulation dairy cows with the variation (delayed ovulation group) and 5 healthy and normal dairy cows with estrus (control group) were selected, and the related indicators of the corpus luteum (diameter, area, perimeter and volume) were measured by B-ultrasound scanning.These luteal indicators were compared and analyzed further, and the luteal typical sonography obtained of the different stages were described.The results showed that the diameter, area, perimeter and volume during 7 to 15 d after estrus of the corpus luteum had no significant differences between delayed ovulation group and control group (P>0.05).However, on the 9th and 13th day after estrus, the luteal relevant indicators of delayed ovulation group cows (diameter, volume, area and perimeter) were greater than that of control group cows and less than normal dairy cows on the 11th day.There were no significant differences in diameter, area, circumference and volume of corpus luteum at the different stages after estrus between the delayed ovulation dairy cows and the normal ones.     

绵羊繁殖性状相关基因的研究进展

绵羊的繁殖特性已成为绵羊生产的一个重要研究方向,对绵羊繁殖力进行遗传改良是提升中国绵羊生产水平的必由之路,母羊的年产羔能力主要受单胎产羔数和季节性发情的影响。本研究对影响产羔能力的排卵数和季节性发情相关基因及miRNA的研究进行了简要的综述,并对全基因组比较在繁殖性状相关QTL检测中的应用进行了展望。     

鲟鱼GtH放射免疫测定方法的建立及催产前后史氏鲟血清GtH含量的变化

用蛋白质快速液相层析(FPLC)分离俄罗斯鲟鱼脑垂体促性腺激素（GtH）,共获得GtH纯化蛋白4.6mg。用SDS-PAGE变性胶电泳图谱初步分析纯化蛋白,用反相高效液相色谱（rpHPLC）分离出两个亚基,质谱测定α亚基分子量：15603KD,两个β亚基分子量分别为14338KD和14694KD。制备了鲟鱼GtH的兔抗血清多克隆抗体,采用氯胺T法用125I标记抗原,用羊抗兔γ球蛋白做二抗,建立鲟鱼GtH的放射免疫测定方法。测定了催产前后不同时间史氏鲟血清中GtH含量的变化,统计分析表明成功排卵的雌鱼比未排卵和阴性对照组在催产后12小时和16小时GTH分泌量升高显著,最高达到234ng/ml;催产效应时间与催产后血清中GtH的含量紧密相关。