All-trans retinoic acid attenuates blood-brain barrier injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats through JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on blood-brain barrier after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury in rats and its possible role mechanism.METHODS: Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, model (CIR) group and CIR+ATRA (10, 30 and 90 mg/kg) groups. The rat model of CIR injury was established by MCAO thread occlusion method. After ischemia for 1.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h, the neurological functional behavioral score, cerebral infarction volume, brain water content and Evans blue content were determined. The activity of matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) was measured by gelatin zymography. The protein levels of claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1, JNK, p-JNK, P38, p-P38 and MMP-9 in the brain tissues were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with CIR model group, ATRA at 30 mg/kg significantly improved neurological function, and decreased cerebral infarction volume, brain water content, Evans blue content and the degradation of tight junction proteins in ischemic area (P<0.01). The activity and protein expression of MMP-9 in ischemic brain tissue were decreased (P<0.01). The phosphorylation of JNK and P38 was inhibited and the protein levels of p-JNK and p-P38 were decreased (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: ATRA reduces the damage of brain tissue and the destruction of blood-brain barrier induced by CIR in rats. The protective effect may be related to inhibiting the activation of JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathway and MMP-9.     

Release Characteristics of Different N Forms in an Uncoated Slow/Controlled Release Compound Fertilizer

This study examined the release characteristics of different N forms in an uncoated slow/controlled-release compound fertilizer （UCRF） and the N uptake and N-use efficiency by rice plants. Water dissolution, soil leaching, and pot experiments were employed. The dynamics of N release from the UCRF could be quantitatively described by three equations： the first-order kinetics equation [N1=N0 （1-e^-kt）], Elovich equation （N1=a ＋ blnt）, and parabola equation （N1=a ＋ bt^0.5）, with the best fitting by the first-order kinetics equation for different N （r= 0.9569^＊＊-0.9999^＊＊）. The release potentials （No values estimated by the first-order kinetics equation） of different N in the UCRF decreased in the order of total N 〉 DON 〉 urea-N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 NO3^-N in water, and total N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 DON 〉 urea-N 〉 NO3^--N in soil, respectively, being in accordance with cumulative amounts of N release. The constants of N release rate （k values and b values） for different N forms were in decreasing order of total N 〉 DON 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 NO3^--N in water, whereas the k values were urea- N 〉DON 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 total N 〉 NO3^--N, and the b values were total N 〉 NH4^＋-N 〉 DON 〉 NO3^--N 〉 urea-N in soil. Compared with a common compound fertilizer, the N-use efficiency, N-agronomy efficiency, and N-physiological efficiency of the UCRF were increased by 11.4%, 8.32 kg kg^-1, and 5.17 kg kg^-1, respectively. The ratios of different N to total N in the UCRF showed significant correlation with N uptake by rice plants. The findings showed that the first-order kinetics equation [Nt=N0 （l-e^kt）] could be used to describe the release characteristics of different N forms in the fertilizer. The UCRF containing different N forms was more effective in facilitating N uptake by rice compared with the common compound fertilizer containing single urea-N form.     

无人机技术在油气管道巡护中的应用

中国长输油气管道具有运行里程长、分布范围广、沿线环境复杂等特点,提高管道安全管理水平,尤其是有效的线路巡护,对于减少管道安全事故、降低管道安全风险、保障管道平稳安全运行具有重要意义。受油气管道沿线地理条件限制和自然环境影响,传统的人工巡护方式表现出一定的局限性,制约了巡护质量和效率。为了解决该问题,研究利用无人机技术对油气管道进行巡护的方法,并结合油气管道企业实际情况开展了可行性验证。结果表明:无人机巡护技术可以有效地弥补人工巡护方式的不足,同时降低巡护成本,提高巡护效率,能够促进油气管道企业现代化管理水平的提升,是未来管道巡护发展的重点方向。     

绵麦37及其衍生小麦品种(系)的6VS/6AL易位染色体结构演变

绵麦37是四川小麦育种的骨干亲本,含6VS/6AL易位染色体,高抗白粉病。为了明确6VS/6AL在其衍生品种中的传递情况,本研究利用寡核苷酸探针和ND-FISH技术对内麦8号、绵麦37的衍生品种(系)和部分相关亲本共17份材料进行了分析。结果表明,内麦8号、绵麦37及其9个衍生品种(系)都含有1对6VS/6AL易位染色体,其中内麦8号、绵麦37、绵麦51、绵麦285、绵麦1416、绵麦1419和绵麦1618的6AL长臂上带有寡核苷酸探针Oligo-713的信号,而其余4个衍生品种(系)的6VS/6AL染色体无该探针信号,说明绵麦37衍生品种(系)中的6VS/6AL染色体出现了新型结构变异。根据系谱和其他亲本的ND-FISH分析结果可以推测,这种结构变异是由6VS/6AL易位染色体与小麦6A染色体在长臂上发生重组交换引起的。     

浅析灵石县污水处理厂污水处理工艺

以灵石县污水处理厂污水处理工艺为例,分析了A2/O工艺和BAF工艺原理、特点及存在的问题,为一些污水处理厂污水处理工艺的选择提供参考。     

数字植物研究进展:植物形态结构三维数字化

数字植物围绕农林植物生命、生产和生态系统的多维信息高效感知和认知的理论、技术和方法,通过多学科交叉合作,研究农林植物-环境3D数字化、高通量信息获取、情景感知、信息融合、结构和功能模拟、数字化设计和精准管理决策等数字农业的关键性、基础性以及共性理论和技术问题。植物形态结构的三维数字化是数字植物研究的重要组成部分,近年来很多学者从植物组织、器官、植株和群体等不同尺度,或者从植物根系和地上部等不同视角,围绕植物形态结构的参数测量、几何结构解析、三维模型构建、结构与功能建模,以及三维植物模型真实感展现等需要,开展了更深入的研究。在组织尺度方面,随着MRI、CT、显微成像等技术产品的不断成熟,使得利用这些先进测量仪器获取和测量植物组织内部结构数据成为可能,并被越来越多的研究者采用,成为进行植物内部形态结构测量和分析的有效手段。在植物根系的三维数字化方面,由于植物的根普遍生长在土壤里,观察和测量十分困难。虽然近年来XCT、MRI等穿透射线成像技术已越来越多地用于根系的形态结构探测,但这类技术往往仅能获取范围较小的根系局部数据,且价格昂贵。因此植物根系形态结构的准确、无损(原位)、快速测量仍然是一个挑战。在群体尺度方面,基于实测数据的三维重建逐渐成为植物群体三维重建的主要途径,研究者正试图从激光三维扫描仪获取的植物群体三维点云中提取群体的形态参数并实现群体的三维重构。而在三维植物模型的真实感绘制方面,如何准确地测量各种植物器官的光学特性并建立相应的数学模型是当前的研究重点,虽然已有不少研究者提出了相应的解决方案,但这些方法在便捷性和普适性方面仍然难以令人满意,有待更多深入研究。笔者最后结合相关领域的技术进展对数字植物的进一步研究进行了展望。     

自然老化对木粉/HDPE复合材性能的影响及添加剂的应用

研究木粉/高密度聚乙烯(WF/HDPE)复合材在不同朝向的自然老化条件下使用时颜色与表面化学成分的变化,并分析采用光稳定剂、抗氧剂和颜料作为防老化剂的效果.户外使用的木粉/HDPE复合材在夏天暴晒1个月颜色就会发生明显变化,南面和东面更加显著,红外分析表明:复合材料表面C=O增加、木材指数下降,有氧化现象发生.人工加速稳定老化检测结果表明:与抗氧剂和光稳定剂相比,颜料的使用对减小变色有明显作用,但颜料、抗氧剂和光老化剂3种助剂对延缓WF/HDPE复合材的抗弯性能下降没有起到明显作用.     

氮水平和形态配比对巴西橡胶树花药苗生长及氮代谢、光合作用的影响

采用砂培方法研究了不同供氮水平及NH4+/NO3-配比对巴西橡胶树花药苗生长、氮代谢及光合作用相关指标的影响。结果表明,随供氮水平的提高,橡胶花药苗茎秆、叶、地上部及单株总干重、植株各部位氮含量和氮积累量、叶绿素含量均相应升高,其中粗根、茎秆、叶片含氮量、单株吸氮量及叶绿素含量各处理间差异均达显著水平;株高、茎粗、细根干重、叶片光合速率先增后减,且以8 mmol/L氮水平时最大;低氮水平下细根硝酸还原酶（NR）活性较高。不同NH4+/NO3-配比试验中,纯NH4+营养下小苗各部位氮含量、氮积累量最高（除细根和叶柄氮积累量）;NH4+/NO3-为75/25时,小苗株高、茎粗、叶柄、叶片、植株地上部及株干重最大,NH4+/NO3-为50/50时,小苗细根干重、茎秆干重、叶绿素含量、光合速率最大,且显著大于纯NO3-营养处理;而NH4+/NO3- 50/50时,处理间差异不显著（除细根和茎秆N含量）;纯NO3-营养下小苗细根NR活性最高,但生长最弱。结果说明橡胶花药苗不适宜于纯NO3-环境,而适宜于纯NH4+及NH4+/NO3-混合营养,其适宜水平为8 mmol/L和NH4+/NO3-50/50。     

磁混肥对梨果产量品质及梨树酶活性的研究

磁混肥比混肥和习惯用肥明显增产。其中,以每株施花肥、壮果肥粪水各5kg,50kg和磁混肥1.5kg,2.3kg的产量最高,其糖/酸比值为67.3,叶片中养分N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=1.0∶0.17∶0.60,磷含量高。日增长体积以每株施花肥、果肥粪水各25kg,50kg和磁混肥0.75kg,1.17kg处理最大,为6.06×10~(-6)mm~3。磁混肥处理SOD酶活力前期强,利于抗衰老,其后逐渐减弱,有利促进梨果成熟。