Disturbance‐induced responses of VHF and satellite tagged harbour seals

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中国对虾卵黄蛋白原合成部位的研究

十足目甲壳类卵巢中卵黄的来源,在过去的几十年研究中一直存在争议,内源性合成和外源性合成都有报道。本文以雌性中国对虾为实验材料,根据组织学观察确定其发育阶段,试验虾可以分为:卵巢未发育期;卵黄发生前期;初级卵黄发生期和次级卵黄发生期4个时期。从处于不同卵巢发育期对虾的卵巢和肝胰腺中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR的方法初步探讨不同发育期的中国对虾卵巢和肝胰腺中卵黄蛋白原mRNA的表达,确定是否存在卵黄蛋白原的合成功能。结果发现,从卵巢未发育期到次级卵黄发生期的卵巢和肝胰腺中都有卵黄蛋白原mRNA的表达,说明二者为卵黄蛋白的合成部位。     

文蛤增养殖区主要环境因子变化规律研究

2004年和2005年分别对江苏省沿海滩涂4个具有代表性的文蛤重点增养殖区的环境因子进行了连续调查、监测和研究,主要分析测试了以下3个对文蛤生存影响较为重要的环境因子:底泥中的硫化物(S2-)、底泥渗水中的总氨氮(NH4-N)和底泥渗水中的化学需氧量(COD)。结果表明:S2-季节性变化明显,地点上随监测站位不同有显著差异;NH4-N夏季较高,其它时段基本无变化,均值远远高于上覆水体;COD含量除受气温影响外,还显著受到人类生产生活(如排污等)的影响。另外,2005年较2004年部分监测站位养殖环境有恶化趋势。     

Life-history variation in relation to nest site abundance in males of the freshwater goby Tridentiger brevispinis

Abstract –  Age at maturity in males of the freshwater goby Tridentiger brevispinis , a species with exclusive paternal care, was investigated in two populations in Lake Biwa, Japan, that differed markedly in nest site abundance. At Ohmi-maiko, where nest sites were scarce, most males matured at age 3, and mean body size of males guarding eggs in nests was larger than that of males sampled randomly (including both guarding and nonguarding males) in the population. Conversely, at Minamihama, where nest sites were abundant, many males matured at age 1, and there was no difference in body size between guarding males and males collected randomly. The slope of regression lines between body size of the guarding male and the number of eggs in his nest was greater in Ohmi-maiko than in Minamihama. These results suggest that the shortage of nest sites enhances reproductive success in larger males, probably through male–male competition for nest sites and female mate choice for larger males. I conclude that in nest spawners, the availability of nest sites should strongly affect life-history traits of males through sexual selection.     

橡胶园土壤全氮和速效钾养分合理取样位置研究

通过地统计学方法分析了土壤全氮和速效钾空间变异特征,并对其合理取样位置进行探讨,绘制了兼顾土壤全氮和速效钾综合养分的合理取样位置空间分布图.结果表明:橡胶园土壤全氮和速效钾综合养分合理取样位置主要受土壤速效钾含量分布决定;在空间分布上,综合养分的合理取样位置主要位于远离施肥穴的橡胶树行间萌生带和中间树头附近区域.此结果为南方长期经济作物土壤样品取样位置的确定提供一种新的尝试.     

Relationship Between the First Base of the Donor Splice Site of Waxy Gene Intron 1 and Amylose Content in Yunnan Indigenous Rice Varieties

There exists a single nucleotide polymorphism, G or T, at the first base of the donor splice site of waxy gene intron 1 in rice. In order to study the relationship between the first base of the donor splice site of waxy gene intron 1 and amylose content in rice, the one-step PCR method was used to determine whether it is G or T in 220 Yunnan indigenous rice varieties from 14 districts, 55 towns/counties of Yunnan Province, and 101 varieties of which were validated by the PCR-Acc I method. According to the G/T polymorphism, 164 rice varieties showed GG-genotype, while the other 56 fell into TT-genotype, accounting for 74.5% and 25.5% of all the test varieties, respectively. When all the rice varieties were divided into indica and japonica subspecies, it was found that 80.5% of indica rice and 67.0% of japonica rice belonged to GG-genotype. The rice varieties with GG-genotype had significantly higher amylose content (18.95% on average) than those with TT-genotype (all below 16%), but 33 rice varieties with GG-genotype still had low amylose content ranging from 3.91% to 15.93%, and most of them came from the Dai minority area in the Southwest of Yunnan Province. However, there was no significant difference in the mean amylose content of the same GG or TT genotypes between indica and japonica rice, suggesting that different genetic backgrounds, indica or japonica, had no effect on amylose content. The coefficient of correlation between the genotype and amylose content was 0.733 (P<0.01).     

FAHP-GIS在FAST台址单体滑坡危险性评价中的应用

[目的]研究贵州省平塘县500 m口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)工程台址光明顶滑坡的危险性及其区划,为该区及相似地区的滑坡灾害监测与防治提供参考依据。[方法]选取地形地貌、岩性岩组、地质构造、人类工程活动及灾害历史等作为一级评价指标,在此基础上发展二级评价指标,运用GIS技术构建基于模糊层次法(FAHP)的滑坡危险性评价指标体系,并完全参与对指标隶属度矩阵的运算,开展针对喀斯特单体滑坡危险性评价研究。[结果]光明顶坡体总体居于中危险和低危险水平,局部高危险,高危险区域主要位于1 H馈源塔和断层破碎带区域的3个支撑柱附近,高危险区约占研究区面积的4%。[结论]光明顶坡体存在安全隐患,已经对精密的射电望远镜设施的安全运行构成威胁。本文评价结果与实际情况基本相符,评价方法在单体滑坡危险性评价研究方面具有创新性,且可操作。     

黄土区大型露天矿排土场水力侵蚀计算与防治

以黄土区安太堡露天矿未复垦排土场为对象,研究未复垦排土场平台水力侵蚀(沟蚀)状况,通过实地外业采样和内业数据处理,结合数据统计分析平台,计算出了研究区内的沟蚀量分布情况,并分析了平台汇水面、土壤容重、坡度与沟蚀模数的关系,估算研究区水力侵蚀造成的直接经济损失,提出排土场平台复垦和水土流失防治措施。结果表明:(1)研究区水力侵蚀严重,总体沟蚀模数相当于自然地貌土壤侵蚀模数的6.8倍,其中平台汇水面对沟蚀模数的影响巨大;(2)排土场平台表层土壤压实,40cm以内土层压实最为严重,深层土壤土质较疏松;(3)排土场平台坡度和坡长在一定程度上可以反映出土壤侵蚀的高低,在水土流失防治措施中应予考虑。在平台复垦和土壤侵蚀防治中应采用减少平台汇水面积、增大地表水入渗能力和提高植被覆盖度的措施为主,本研究成果可为排土场复垦和水土流失防治提供参考。     

花椒林在喀斯特石漠化治理中的碳汇效益

[目的]评价石漠化地区花椒林的碳汇功能,为石漠化治理工程的碳汇效益提供技术示范与参考。[方法]以贵州省花江喀斯特石漠化治理示范区生态环境综合治理模式下顶坛花椒(Zanthoxylum planispinum)为研究对象,依据当地的石漠化现状,通过测定强度、中度和轻度石漠化和不同龄级的花椒林生物量、土壤深度和持土量,对花椒林碳汇量进行估算。[结果]石漠化程度越高,花椒林碳汇量越低,反之,石漠化程度越低,花椒林碳汇量越大,其中轻度石漠化花椒林碳密度为3.24t/hm2,中度石漠化为3.12t/hm~2,强度石漠化为2.81t/hm~2,轻度中度强度;随着土壤深度和持土量的增加,花椒林碳汇量也呈现增加的趋势。[结论]花椒林的平均碳密度为3.06t/hm~2,花椒林的综合最优碳汇经济效益为1.92×10~4~2.56×10~4元/hm~2。     

肌原纤维蛋白浓度对风味物质吸附能力的影响

为探究肌原纤维蛋白浓度对风味物质的作用机制,本研究建立了肌原纤维蛋白和风味物质作用的复合体系,研究了不同浓度肌原纤维蛋白对17种典型风味化合物吸附能力的影响。结果表明,风味化合物的种类对肌原纤维蛋白的吸附能力有显著影响,一定浓度的蛋白对醛、酮、醇、酯的吸附作用强弱依次为:醛类酯类酮类醇类。蛋白浓度由2 mg·m L~(-1)增加至4 mg·m L~(-1)时,对所有风味化合物吸附作用显著增强;由4 mg·m L~(-1)增加至6 mg·m L~(-1)时,蛋白对2-甲基丁醛、戊醛、己醛、丁酸乙酯吸附作用明显增强,而当蛋白浓度由6 mg·m L~(-1)增加至8 mg·m L~(-1)时,肌原纤维蛋白对所有风味化合物的吸附作用都明显减弱。蛋白对风味化合物的吸附能力的增加可能是由于较高的蛋白质浓度改变了风味化合物在气、液两相间的分配系数;然而过高浓度的蛋白对风味物质吸附能力的削弱则是蛋白质之间相互作用增强或表面张力降低的结果。本研究结果为肉类风味感知研究过程中确定蛋白浓度、挥发性风味化合物种类等关键参数和改善蛋白类食品的风味提供了参考。