落实科学发展观的经济学考察

落实科学发展观,必须正确处理好人地关系,实现人地和谐发展;正确处理不同地区与行业之间的相互关系,实现“代内和谐发展”;正确处理当代与子孙后代之间的发展关系,实现“代际和谐发展”。从经济学的角度看,正确处理好了这三大关系,实现了三大和谐发展,就为落实科学发展观,加速推进社会主义现代化建设奠定了坚实基础。     

湿地松单亲子代遗传变异分析

来自４个省份，５个引种群体的３０个优树单亲子代测定１５年结果表明：参试家系在材积、胸径和对褐斑病感病性上存在极显著的遗传差异。其中福建南屿家系群体生长快．树皮薄，侧枝数多；江苏和南京家系生长最差；江西家系平均抗褐斑病能力最强。通过多重比较，初步筛选出ＦＪＮＹ—００３．ＪＸＪＡ—０７７，ＡＨＪＸ—００１和ＪＸＪＡ—０８７等４个家系，它们材积平均生长比ＣＫ快３８．４％，平均遗传增益为１７．０６％；胸径平均遗传增益为５．１２％，感病性降低５．４３％。文中对性状间相关及其遗传参数也作了分析。     

Distribution of the Classification Traits in the F2 Progeny of Two Crosses of indica／japonica in Rice （Oryza sativa）

Comparison of seed setting rate, plant height and Cheng‘s morphological traits were made between the F2 progeny of indica-japonica hybrids, 02428/Pei‘ai 64 and Taichung 65/Teqing. There existed resemblance normal distribution in plant height, and the distribution had no relationship with the seed setting rate and plant height in F1 progeny, suggesting that there were no gametic selection for the plant height in the F2 progeny of indica-japonica hybrids. An average seed setting rate of the F2 was equal to the F1 populations in the recombination of 02428/Pei‘ai 64 in which there was an excellent cross compatibility, but the remarkable increase in the seed setting rate from the F1 to F2 in Taichung 65/Teqing, indicating that gametic selection only took place in the indica-japonica crosses with low cross compatibility while null or little in the hybrids with high compatibility. There were many intermediate types among the leaf pubescence, color of hull at heading, and length of the first and second panicle internode, and these Cheng‘s morphological traits was distributed normally; there were also a little intermediate types in hull hairness and phenol reaction with bi-peak distribution; while length to width ratio of grain was inclined to the japonica types obviously showing a skewed distribution in the Fz population. Although Cheng‘s morphological traits in F2 populations had inconsistent distribution types, Cheng‘s morphological traits index showed normal distribution, which suggested that intermediate types, i.e. indicalinous or japonicalinous, were primary in F2 population.     

数量性状主-多基因混合遗传的P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2和F_(2∶3)联合分析方法

本文提出利用亲本P_1和P_2、杂种F_1,F_2和F_(2∶3)五世代联合分析数量性状主基因和多基因遗传的统计方法,共建立可供选择的单基因遗传、多基因遗传以及一个主基因 多基因混合遗传三类11个遗传模型;AIC信息准则用于选择最适遗传模型,通过适合性检验对所选择的遗传模型做进一步检验;以D类模型为例,给出参数估计EM过程的一般步骤。以邳县天鹅蛋(P_1)和1138—2(P_2)杂交组合为例,分析了大豆抗豆秆黑潜蝇性状的遗传,发现该性状符合主基因 多基因混合遗传模式,主基因的加显性效应分别为-1.86和-1.64,F_2世代主基因的遗传率为43.84％,F_(2∶3)家系世代主基因的遗传率为88.59％,F_2群体的抗感分界线为11≤x≤12,F_(2∶3)群体的抗感分界线为10.6≤x≤11.0。     

对环境权主体的思考

法学界一直对其没有一个统一的认识,笔者认为从环境权的概念、性质和内容出发来考虑,自然人、单位法人和其他组织、国家应当成为环境权的主体,而后代人和自然体则不能作为环境权的主体.     

Applying Public Trust Thinking to Wildlife Governance in the United States: Challenges and Potential Solutions

Public trust thinking (PTT) promises to inspire ecologically and socially responsible wildlife governance in the United States, but its application is not straightforward. We describe eight broad challenges to comprehensive application of PTT including: increasing authority and capacity; overcoming resistance to change; achieving fair consideration of all public interests; facilitating broad public participation; and fulfilling commitments to future generations. We discuss potential solutions including: distributing responsibilities for public wildlife conservation among governmental and nongovernmental entities; adopting an expansive definition of “wildlife;” promoting an inclusive interpretation of PTT among public wildlife professionals; rejuvenating relationships between the public and wildlife agencies; and increasing public participation and accountability in decision-making processes. Efforts to address challenges in specific socioecological contexts should be led by people working in those contexts. Achieving comprehensive application of PTT will require collaboration and cooperation among governmental and nongovernmental partners, supported by diverse and engaged members of the public.     

小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶活性的遗传分析

为了揭示小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶活性的遗传特点,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对杂交组合IDO580×宁麦13号、鄂恩1号×IDO580的两套P1、F1、P2、B1、B2和F2的6个世代群体的籽粒多酚氧化酶活性进行了多世代联合分析。结果表明:两组合籽粒多酚氧化酶活性均受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因(E-0)混合遗传的控制;在两对主基因的一阶遗传参数中,加性效应大于显性效应,但以上位性效应所占比例为最大;在二阶遗传参数中,主基因遗传率远大于多基因遗传率,以主基因遗传为主。在B1、B2和F2的3个分离世代中,以F2世代的主基因遗传率为最高,其在这两个组合中的主基因遗传率分别为80.49%和82.24%。     

矿粮复合区煤累积对土壤团粒结构的影响

为理解煤对土壤结构的影响,以土壤煤累积现象普遍的焦作矿粮复合区为研究区,选取3种不同程度的煤累积土壤(低累积、中累积和高累积)为研究对象,不含煤的土壤为对照,通过测定0—40 cm土层深度范围的水稳性团聚体组成,并采用分形维数(D)、平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)和大团聚体破坏率(PAD)作为团粒结构的评价指标,探讨煤累积对土壤团聚体组成与稳定性的影响。结果表明:煤在土壤中累积可以促进水稳性微团聚体向大团聚体转化,降低团聚体的分形维数,提高团聚体稳定性。深层(20—40 cm)土壤水稳性大团聚体含量的增幅高于表层(0—20 cm)土壤。土壤团聚体稳定性随着煤累积程度的增高表现出先增加后降低的趋势。土壤团聚体的稳定性主要取决于>2 mm粒级水稳性团聚体的含量。总体上,煤在土壤中的累积改善了土壤的团粒结构性状。此外,根据本研究结果,研究区长期运煤、堆煤、洗煤和矿井水灌排等活动导致的"黑土"现象并不能视作煤污染。     

Shortening vernalization of winter wheat with kinetin

Summary The addition of 5 to 100 ppm kinetin during vernalization is a substitute for a part of the cold treatment in the winter wheat cultivar Sava.A cold treatment that is not long enough in itself makes vernalization possible even if only 5 ppm kinetin is added. The effect can be gradually improved by increasing the dose from 20 to 100 ppm, but 200 ppm kinetin is harmful. The smallest quantity of kinetin added to the otherwise optimal 40-day cold treatment results in total oververnalization.A heading percentage comparable to that of the 40-day vernalization period without kinetin can be obtained in 20-day with 100 ppm kinetin. This method can reduce the vernalization time by half and accelerate winter wheat generations.     

甘蔗杂交育种早代叶冠形态与产量性状的关系

对甘蔗１５个杂交组合有性世代（ＰＣ）与无性世代（ＦＣ）的叶冠形态因子与产量因子进行数量遗传分析．结果表明,叶冠形态因子在ＰＣ和ＦＣ均存在极显著的组合间差异,利用它们对广义遗传率较低的一些产量性状进行间接选择效果较理想．随着育种进程的推进,育种策略倾向于以蔗茎产量的提高促进蔗糖产量的增加．角度指数与叶宽是高产高糖基因型中期评价的有益指标．通过选择叶片宽大、叶姿紧凑的基因型,可望获得较理想的蔗茎与蔗糖产量．