军牧1号白猪、杜洛克猪和藏猪的氟烷基因和酸肉基因多态性分布

为了研究军牧1号白猪、杜洛克猪和藏猪氟烷基因和酸肉基因的多态性分布情况,试验采用PCR-RFLP方法对61头军牧1号白猪、51头杜洛克猪和51头藏猪的氟烷基因和酸肉基因多态性进行了检测。结果表明:军牧1号白猪的氟烷基因表现为单一的NN型;杜洛克猪的氟烷基因表现为多态性,等位基因N的频率为0.196 1,基因型分布符合哈代-温伯格平衡(χ2=3.033 9,P=0.081 5);藏猪的氟烷基因表现为单一的nn型。3个猪种的酸肉基因均表现为单一的rn/rn型。     

基因工程技术的发展及其在农作物上的应用

对基因工程技术的发展历程进行了概述,总结了不同的转基因方法;对基因工程技术在农作物上的应用进行了阐述;分析了转基因技术目前存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

鸡、鹌鹑及其杂交禽胚胎肌肉发育过程中MSTN和p21基因的表达规律

旨在研究MSTN和p21基因在鸡、鹌鹑和杂交禽胚胎肌肉发育过程中的表达规律,比较这2个基因在杂交禽与亲本鸡和鹌鹑中的差异表达,探讨MSTN和p21基因与肌肉发育的关系。通过人工受精获得鸡(♂)与鹌鹑(♀)杂交禽蛋,与鸡蛋、鹌鹑蛋按照鸡标准孵化条件同批入孵,采集第7～17天活胚胸肌组织,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测MSTN和p21基因在3个物种中每一天mRNA的相对表达量。MSTN和p21基因在胚胎肌肉发育的第7～17天均有表达,这2个基因mRNA的表达在鸡胚中第9天到达第1次峰值,在鹌鹑中第7天到达第1次峰值,后都随胚胎的发育表达水平上升,并维持相对稳定的高水平表达。杂交禽的表达规律与鸡一致,也在第9天达到峰值,而p21mRNA表达极显著高于鸡和鹌鹑(P<0.01)。MSTN mRNA表达规律与成肌细胞退出细胞周期的时间规律一致;在胚胎肌肉发育过程中,MSTN基因特异性上调p21的表达。     

RNA干扰技术及其在蜜蜂基因功能研究中的应用前景

RNA干扰作用(RNA interference,RNAi)是生物界一种古老且进化上高度保守的现象,自发现以来便成为研究基因功能的有效手段。作者重点介绍了RNA干扰技术发现的历史过程和作用机制,阐述了其在昆虫功能基因组学方面的应用进展,展望了其在蜜蜂基因功能研究中的应用前景。     

京海黄鸡IGFBP-1基因遗传多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

以京海黄鸡、AA鸡、尤溪麻鸡、边鸡等4个鸡品种为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1(insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1,IGFBP-1)第4外显子的多态性,并分析其对京海黄鸡生长性能的遗传效应。结果显示,在IGFBP-1第4外显子区检测到2处变异(5550T→C、5692AAT插入)。对于P3扩增片段,在尤溪麻鸡群体中检测到AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,在AA鸡和边鸡品种中检测到AA和AB 2种基因型,京海黄鸡中只检测到AA基因型;对于P4扩增片段,在4个鸡品种中均检测到CC、CD、DD 3种基因型。最小二乘分析结果表明,京海黄鸡3种基因型个体的初生重存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。     

湖南省鸡蛔虫线粒体nad1基因部分序列的测定及分析

本研究旨在阐明鸡蛔虫湖南分离株线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)脱氢酶亚单位1(nad1)基因部分序列(pnad1)遗传变异情况。利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增鸡蛔虫的pnad1,应用Clustal X 1.81程序对序列进行比对。结果显示,所获得的pnad1序列长度一致,为408 bp。由于鸡蛔虫pnad1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,从而为鸡蛔虫的分类鉴定及进一步的分子流行病学调查奠定了基础。     

Orf virus circulation in cattle in Turkey

Orf virus (ORFV) causes contagious skin disease that mainly affects sheep and goats with zoonotic potential. However, there is not enough information about the association between ORFV and occurrence of skin disease in cattle. The present study describes outbreaks of ORFV infection in cattle in different provinces that are located in the Aegean, Central Anatolian and Mediterranean regions of Turkey. During the months of June and August 2017, vesicular fluid and scab samples were collected from cattle which had proliferative skin lesions. First, presence of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and bovine herpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2, known as the causative agent of pseudo-lumpy skin disease) were investigated by real time PCR and PCR, respectively. Then, samples tested for the presence of parapoxviruses by PCR using primers specific to major envelope protein gene (B2L). Parapoxvirus DNA was detected in investigated samples whereas LSDV and BoHV-2 DNA were not detected. The analysis of the B2L gene sequences revealed that cattle were infected with ORFV. The isolates in the present study shared 100% sequence identity at the nucleotide and amino acid level when compared with previously characterised Turkish field ORFV isolates from goats in 2016. Results of the study show unusual infection of cattle with ORFV, and suggest that ORFV jumps the host species barrier from goats to cattle.     

Development of Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay Detection Method for Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

In this article, through the combination of nucleic acid probes and immune chromatography, a simple, sensitive and specific detection system——nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA) for amplifing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D RT-PCR products was established.An ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensor (NAB) based on streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles dual labels and lateral flow strip biosensor (LFSB) were used in this system.The biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was marked to the NC membrane as the alleged strip and the anti-digoxin antibody was labeled to the NC membrane to capture the digoxin probe.After assemblying gold-labeled strip and detecting RT-PCR products, the detection limit of NALFIA was 0.3×10^-3 to 3×10^-3 μg/μL.The NALFIA was compared with agar gel electrophoresis analysis, the results showed that the sensitivity of NALFIA was higher than agar gel electrophoresis.There was an excellent agreement between the two methods.NALFIA was a method with high sensitive, low cost and short time.In conclusion, this method provided a good alternative to detect FMDV.     

瘦素与哺乳动物繁殖活动关系的研究进展

近二十年来的研究发现,瘦素除了参与哺乳动物摄食及能量代谢平衡过程的调节外,还作为一种代谢信号,通过作用于下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴、胎盘和子宫等来调控哺乳动物的繁殖过程。瘦素基因不仅是研究家畜生长发育、肉质等性状的重要候选基因,而且由于瘦素在调控哺乳动物胚胎附植过程中扮演的重要角色,它也是研究家畜多胎性状的重要候选基因之一。研究瘦素及其受体基因的功能及作用机制具有重要的科学意义和潜在的应用价值。文章主要就瘦素对哺乳动物初情期的启动、生殖器官及性腺的发育、生殖激素的分泌、胚胎附植等繁殖活动的调控,以及性别与年龄、妊娠与哺乳、繁殖节律等对瘦素分泌的影响等方面进行综述。     

利用生物信息学方法预测家蚕核型多角体病毒基因组编码的miRNA

microRNAs(miRNAs)是长度为18～25 nt的非蛋白质编码小RNA分子,可以通过抑制有关基因mRNA的翻译从而调控机体的生长发育、疾病发生等过程。在很多病毒中发现有miRNA的存在,这些miRNA可能在病毒基因的表达以及与宿主的相互作用中发挥作用。利用vMir软件预测家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)基因组可能编码的miRNA前体序列,对BmNPV基因组扫描分析后,得到7条能形成发夹结构的可能是miRNA的候选前体序列。以BmNPV添食感染5龄起蚕,72 h后取幼虫血淋巴提取总RNA,对这7条序列进行反转录PCR验证,其中扩增出的5条序列在BmNPV基因组中有相同的序列,推测这5条序列为BmNPV基因组编码的miRNA前体序列。进一步分析5条miRNA前体序列的发夹结构,并用反转录PCR的方法验证其成熟体序列,结果在5条miRNA前体序列共扩增出6条在BmNPV基因组中有相同序列的成熟体序列,它们分别位于不同的ORF之间,是BmNPV基因组编码的miRNA。利用在线靶基因预测程序RNAhybrid和RNA22预测到6条miRNA在BmNPV中的13个可能的靶基因,其中有6个靶基因是病毒的结构蛋白基因,2个为晚期表达因子基因,5个为未知功能基因。推测这些BmNPV基因组编码的miRNA可能与病毒感染宿主有关。