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111.
Shannon K Balfry Janice Oakes Mahmoud Rowshandeli Greg Deacon Brent J Skura & David A Higgs 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(2):192-199
This research examined the haematological and immunological responses of quadruplicate groups of juvenile (~400 g initial weight) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) that had each been fed daily to satiation for 12 weeks one of three high‐energy extruded diets of identical composition except for the supplemental dietary lipid (234.7 g kg?1) source. The three experimental diets varied in the composition of supplement lipid; diet 1 contained 100% anchovy oil (AO), while diets 2 and 3 replaced 29.8% and 59.7% of the AO (respectively) with a 1:1 blend of canola oil (CO) and poultry fat (PF). Immediately following the feeding trial, a random sample of fish from each diet was sampled for determination of baseline levels of various haematological and immunological parameters. Thereafter, duplicate diet groups were vaccinated (against Listonella anguillarum) and reared on their respective experimental diets for an additional 4 weeks. At that time, the remaining fish were sampled similarly, and the different parameters were measured again. Comparisons between the different diet treatment groups were made before and after vaccination. There were no significant diet treatment effects at either sample time, for haematocrit, differential leucocyte counts, erythrocyte counts, serum hemolytic activity or head kidney leucocyte respiratory burst activity. The fish fed diet 1 however, did show significantly higher post‐vaccination levels of peripheral blood leucocyte respiratory burst activity and higher serum antibody titres against L. anguillarum. The results suggest that the relatively low n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratios in the muscle and presumably other tissues of fish fed diet 1, may have resulted in a reduced production of immunocompromising eicosanoids than were produced in fish ingesting the other two diets that were based in part on the different amounts of the CO and PF blend. Long‐term studies are required to confirm this possibility. 相似文献
112.
An 8‐week comparative slaughter experiment was carried out to determine the effect of dietary protein and lipid on growth, apparent digestibility (AD) and nutrient retention of polka dot grouper Cromileptes altivelis. Fingerlings were fed diets that varied in crude protein (CP) at 55 g kg?1 increments between 410 and 630 g kg?1 dry matter (DM) and at either a moderate (150 g kg?1 DM) or high (240 g kg?1DM) lipid concentration. Each diet was fed to satiety twice daily to four replicate tanks (110 L) of fish. One replicate block of tanks comprised 150 fish of mean (±SD) initial weight of 9.6 ± 0.29 g, which were distributed equally to 10 tanks. The other three replicate blocks of tanks comprised 300 fish of 12.6 ± 0.45 g, which were distributed equally to 30 tanks. Tanks were provided with filtered and heated (29 ± 0.5 °C) seawater in a flow‐through system within a laboratory where photoperiod was maintained at 12 : 12 h light–dark cycle. Voluntary food intake was not significantly affected by either the CP or lipid concentration of the diet (mean ± SD of 1.93 ± 0.146 g week?1) but there was a trend for intake to be higher on the moderate compared with the high lipid diets (mean ± SEM of 1.97 versus 1.89 ± 0.033 gweek?1, respectively). Daily growth coefficient (DGC) and food conversion ratio (FCR) improved linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary CP (from 0.94 to 1.35% day?1 for DGC and 1.58 to 1.00 g DM g?1 wet gain for FCR) and these responses were almost coincident for each of the lipid series. The AD of CP increased linearly with increasing dietary CP (from 46.8 to 74.1%) and was independent of dietary lipid. Apparent digestibility of energy increased curvilinearly with increasing dietary CP, with the quadratic component being more prominent for the high‐lipid series. Increasing the amount of lipid in the diet markedly increased the lipid content of the fish from an initial composition (mean ± SD) of 173 ± 7.3 g kg?1 to a final composition (mean ± SEM) of either 217 or 250 ± 5.9 g kg?1 for moderate and high‐lipid series, respectively. Total body lipid content tended to increase linearly with increasing dietary CP for the high‐lipid series but with an opposite effect for the moderate‐lipid series. The retention of digestible nitrogen decreased linearly with increasing dietary CP but at a steeper rate for the moderate, compared with the high, lipid series (from 62.7 to 35.7%, slope ?0.115 for moderate‐lipid and 54.6 to 41.9%, slope ?0.050 for high‐lipid). A quadratic function of dietary CP concentration best explained the retention of digestible energy with the curvilinearity being more marked for the high, compared with the moderate, lipid diet series. While there was some indication that ingested lipid spared dietary protein, the results showed a far greater propensity of polka dot grouper fingerlings to use protein as the prime dietary energy source. Diets for juvenile polka dot grouper should contain not less than 440 g digestible protein kg?1 DM and at least 150 g lipid kg?1 DM. 相似文献
113.
114.
LU Nai-sheng SHU Gang XIE Qiu-ping ZHU Xiao-tong GAO Ping ZHOU Gui-xuan WANG Song-bo WANG Li-na XI Qian-yun ZHANG Yong-liang JIANG Qing-yan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(11):2488-2499
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is considered to be a key factor that affects the marbling, tenderness, juiciness and lfavor of pork. To investigate the effects of myristic acid (MA) on the differentiation of porcine intramuscular adipocytes, cells were isolated from longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and treated with 0, 10, 50 or 100μmol L-1 MA. The results showed that MA signiifcantly promotes the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MA also led to a parallel increase in the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ(PPARγ) and adipose-related genes, such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4/aP2), fatty acid translocase (FAT), acetyl-CoA carboxylaseα(ACCα), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). However, no signiifcant effects of MA were observed on the expression of CAAT enhancer binding protein-α(C/EBPα) or hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). The expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was increased by MA during the early stages of differentiation (day 1-3). In addition, MA also increased the absolute content of C14 (P〈0.001) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P〈0.05) to varying degrees, but no effects were observed on other fatty acids. These results suggest that MA might be able to enhance the IMF content of pork and increase the accumulation of myristic and myristoleic acid in muscle, which might have beneifcial implications for human health. 相似文献
115.
采用荷叶、山楂、菊花、决明子、莱菔子和沙棘具有降脂减肥作用的药食同源中药材为原料,组方经水提取后接种酿酒酵母,通过发酵改善风味,制作植物饮料.结果表明,水提取液添加白砂糖50 g/L,在三角瓶及30 L发酵罐中于21℃下经6d发酵,最终植物饮料总糖含量约26 g/L,可得到口感良好、风味独特的天然植物发酵饮料. 相似文献
116.
通过油茶籽主要理化性质和营养成分的分析,研究了油茶籽成熟过程中油脂转化及营养物质的变化规律。结果表明:在油茶籽成熟过程中,鲜籽含水率持续下降,鲜出籽率变化不大,鲜籽出仁率小幅上升,干出籽率和含油率不断上升。油茶籽油中的酸值和过氧化值总体呈下降趋势。在油茶籽成熟过程中,油酸相对含量整体呈上升趋势,亚油酸和亚麻酸相对含量都呈下降趋势,与油酸含量呈极显著负相关(p≤0.01),相关系数r分别为-0.978和-0.957。油茶籽成熟过程中,油脂积累和可溶性总糖含量的变化呈负相关(r=-0.289),与可溶性淀粉(r=0.836)和可溶性蛋白(r=0.703)含量变化均呈显著正相关。α-生育酚含量变化基本上是先增加,在9月28日达到最大值0.153 mg·g-1后基本维持稳定,角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇含量随着油茶籽的成熟先增加后下降。 相似文献
117.
Li Jing-feng Xu Liang-mei Zhang Yan-yun Jiang Dan Zhang Jing Zhang Hui Li Jie 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2014,21(2):46-52
The study was carried out to investigate the effects of maternal dietary energy restriction on growth performance, serum indices and fat deposition of offspring. A total of 400 female Arbor Acres (AA) broiler breeders were studied. These female birds involved three experimental treatments and a control group with normal dietary energy diets (ND, 11.7 MJ of ME. kgt during the laying). In treatments 2, 3 and 4, the energies of diets were 20%, 30% and 50% (LD20, LD30 and LD50) lower than those of the control, respectively. The study commenced at the beginning of the laying period when the total egg production reached 5% of the flock. All the broiler offspring were fed the same diets. The results showed that in low energy diets, offspring showed decreased 1-day-old weight, but 49-day-old weight was higher in LD20 diet (P〈0.05). For offspring during days 1-49, the average daily gain (ADG) in LD20 group and the feed conversion ratio in LD50 group were improved as compared with those of the control (P〈0.05). Compared with the control, abdominal fat percentage increased in 49-day-old offspring from LD30 diet (P〈0.05); the fat content of breast muscle in offspring increased in broilers fed low energy diets (P〈0.05). In 28-day-old offspring from breeders given LD20 and LD50 diets, liver fat percentages were higher compared with ND (P〈0.05). The subcutaneous fat thickness in 28-day-old offspring from LD50 group and 49-day-old offspring from LD30 group was higher (P〈0.05). On day 49, the serum cholesterol (CHO) of offspring from breeders fed LD20 diet and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of offspring from breeders fed LD50 diet reduced compared with those of the control (P〈0.05). In addition, a higher triiodothyronine (T3) content in serum was found in offspring from broiler breeders given LD20 and LD30 diets (P〈0.05). Serum thyroxine (T4) in offspring significantly decreased with the decrease of diet energy (P〈0.05). In conclusion, to a certain extent, dietary energy restriction in breeders could improve growth performance and promote lipid metabolism of offspring. 相似文献
118.
旨在分析猪THRSP基因5’调控区多位点SNP联合调控THRSP基因表达的效率。实验从猪基因组获取包含多位点SNP的目的片段,利用荧光素酶报告基因pGL3-Basic构建表达载体,检测多位点SNP 的联合启动效率,并通过实时荧光定量PCR进行THRSP基因表达验证分析。结果表明,在5个SNP位点中,TCAGA 的启动效率最高,比CTGGA的启动效率高129%,而CCAGA、CTAGA和CTGAT的启动效率较CTGGA分别低99.0%、73.2%和42.6%。TCAGA的启动效率较CCAGA高75.6%,而CCAGA比CTAGA的启动效率高96.6%;报告基因所揭示的SNP启动效率与THRSP基因实时荧光定量PCR结果一致。 相似文献
119.
120.
The fat production rate in adult healthy masked civet(Paguma lavata) and nutria (Myocaster coypus) oil were measured. The values of iodine, saponification and acid pH, composition of fatty acids of grease were analyzed
both chemically and by apparatus. The results showed that acid pH, iodine value, saponification value, and unsaturation point
are 1.887 and 0.784, 53.90 and 48.32, 98.80 and 100.23, and 60.05% and 58.85% are respectively for masked civet’s fat and
nutria’s oil. Both of masked civet’s fat and nutria’s oil contain a little of Eicosatetraenoic acid (C-20∶4), which is of
great significance in nutrition and metabolism for human body. The analysis results indicate that masked civet’s oil is similar
to nutria’s oil in iodine value, saponification value and unsaturation point. Both masked civet’s fat and nutria’s oil are
steady and have highly nutrition. They can be widely exploited and utilized in health protection and cosmetics made industry.
(Responsible Editor: Chai Ruiha) 相似文献