“Do Not Let the Grange Die!” Michigan Grangers' Struggle for Continued Relevance in the Twenty-First Century

ABSTRACT

The Grange was founded during a time when farmers were the majority of the population and secrecy was a means of survival. More than one hundred thirty-five years later, those characteristics are still strongly associated with it. Yet there is a growing consciousness among many members that the Grange has to become better at promoting itself among nontraditional constituencies-or it will die. This article explores the Grange experiences of five members. All have been profoundly affected by their membership. All are struggling with the need to reconcile loyalty to tradition with the need to change and adapt. In sharing their thoughts and feelings, the study has the opportunity to consider what the Grange's past was, what its present is, and what its future may become.     

抑制素免疫对牛、羊繁殖力作用的研究进展

文章综述了天然提纯,化学合成及重组等不同种类抑制素抗原免疫对牛、羊繁殖力的影响.近年来抑制素疫苗作为多胎疫苗的角色已越来越为人们所重视,其免疫原性同抗原本身一些因素如纯度、免疫原性、异原性、免疫剂量有关.     

脂肪细胞膜免疫技术研究进展

脂肪细胞膜免疫技术是从以动物脂肪细胞膜分离得到的膜蛋白作为抗原,通过被动免疫或主动免疫来破坏脂肪细胞,使脂肪组织中的细胞数量减少,限制其贮存脂肪的能力,从而达到调控动物生长和降低动物脂肪的目的。本文将对脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体的制备、作用机制及在动物上的使用效果进行阐述,并对此技术尚需解决的问题和发展方向进行综述。     

猪瘟乳前免疫及其抗体检测

本试验对新生仔猪哺乳前初次进行猪瘟疫苗免疫，至７０日龄时进行第二次免疫，免疫持续至７０日龄和１５０日龄时两次应用Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ方法进行检测，结果表明，阳性率分别为９２．３％和９１．２５％，说明此免疫方法是一较好的预防猪瘟的免疫程序。     

狂犬病灭活疫苗CVS-11株对牛的免疫效果

野生狐和貉狂犬病流行于新疆、内蒙古和黑龙江地区,是当地牛、羊和骆驼等家畜狂犬病的主要传染源。在国内尚无野生动物口服疫苗的前提下,对家畜进行狂犬病灭活疫苗接种,具有重要的公共卫生学意义。本研究利用国产犬用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CVS-11株)对牛进行了免疫效果和安全性评价。以不同剂量疫苗肌内注射免疫成年牛350头,通过比较免疫后狂犬病病毒中和抗体水平和持续期,确定犬用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CVS-11株)在牛的最佳免疫剂量为1次性注射2剂量疫苗,免疫持续期为1年。结果表明,犬用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CVS-11株)免疫牛时,具有较高的免疫原性和安全性,适用于牛等大型动物的狂犬病注射免疫。     

速康解毒口服溶液对兔皮肤刺激性和过敏性的实验研究

试验旨在为评价动物疯草中毒解毒治疗药物——速康解毒口服溶液的临床前应用安全性,为临床推广应用提供实验依据.用速康解毒口服溶液、赋形剂(蒸馏水)局部涂抹大白兔破损皮肤及完整皮肤,并逐日观察症状表现,统计观察结果.用速康解毒口服溶液或赋形剂、2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)对大白兔多次致敏,并于2周后观察大白兔的反应.结果表明:速康解毒口服溶液对家兔完整皮肤刺激反应的平均分值为零,属于无刺激药物,对破损皮肤也无明显刺激;在过敏性实验中,给药组5只家兔中1只有轻微的过敏现象,结合致敏反应评价的分值法和致敏反应发生率,速康解毒口服溶液对家兔皮肤过敏反应的分值为0.2(1/5),致敏率为20％(1/5),具有弱致敏性.结论:速康解毒口服溶液对家兔皮肤无明显刺激性,有轻微过敏现象,属于临床安全药物.     

Tooth brushing inhibits oral bacteria in dogs

In this study, scaling, polishing and daily tooth brushing were performed in 20 beagle dogs, and the number of oral bacteria was determined using a bacterial counter. The dogs were randomized into the scaling (S), scaling + polishing (SP), scaling + tooth daily brushing (SB) and scaling + polishing + tooth daily brushing (SPB) groups. Samples were collected from the buccal surface of the maxillary fourth premolars of the dogs immediately after scaling and every week thereafter from weeks 1 to 8. Throughout the study, the number of bacteria was significantly lower in the SB and SPB groups compared with the S group. The findings suggest that daily tooth brushing inhibited oral bacterial growth in the dogs.     

Recurrent Temporary Paralysis Reported After Human Rabies Post‐Exposure Prophylaxis

Adverse events can occur after rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and linkage to causality is often difficult to determine. We report a case of recurrent temporary paralysis that began immediately after the initiation of rabies PEP in a man exposed to a bat. The recurrent temporary paralysis first occurred in the patient after his initial dose and then again after day 3 of his rabies PEP. The PEP was terminated prior to a serologic response. The patient continued to experience numerous discrete episodes of temporary paralysis for over two years.     

系统功能视域下大学英语口语教学研究

随着国际间的频繁交往以及中国政治经济地位的不断提升,对具备英语口语表达能力的人才也提出了更高的要求,大学毕业生应能和外国人进行英语交流、用英语完成求职面试、出国旅游等.因此,提高大学生英语口语水平尤为重要,教育者应尝试新的教学模式,用一种新的理论来指导大学英语口语教学,本文从系统功能语法这个纯理论角度探讨了如何以一种新的模式来提高口语能力.