可食用植物疫苗的探讨

利用植物生物反应器生产口服疫苗已成为目前研究的热点。与传统疫苗相比,植物源性疫苗具有安全、稳定、高效和廉价等优点。植物作为生产疫苗的载体可将抗原表达于植物的可食部位。当植物被食用或饲喂时,植物源性疫苗可激发保护性的黏膜免疫应答。综述了植物源性口服疫苗的原理,并对可能出现的问题及解决途径进行了探讨。     

博落回急性及亚慢性毒性试验

博落回对小鼠经口急性毒性和对大鼠腹腔注射慢性毒性试验结果表明：博落回生物碱硫酸盐对昆明系小鼠的急性毒性为：水溶液ＬＤ５０＝９００ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，水混悬液ＬＤ５０＝１０４３ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，均属低毒级。博落回注射液对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠亚慢性毒作用的靶器官主要为肝，长时间或大剂量接毒引起肝细胞变性，增生，使雄性动物肝／体比明显增高，而血清谷－丙转氯酶下降。     

马齿苋保健口服液的制备及功能成分含量的测定

马齿苋是一种药食两用的野生蔬菜,具有丰富的营养和保健作用.采用水提醇沉工艺,将马齿苋制成口服液,测得其总黄酮和多糖的含量(mg·mL-1)分别为4.41和15.75,以此作为保健功能的参考指标.     

长沙市某县退出小反刍兽疫强制免疫暴发的定性风险评估

小反刍兽疫(PPR)是一种由小反刍兽疫病毒引起的疾病,主要感染山羊和绵羊。2021年为加快推进小反刍兽疫无疫区建设,实现小反刍兽疫非免疫无疫区建设标准,长沙市某县拟在本地开展小反刍兽疫退出强制免疫风险评估。通过对小反刍兽疫监测流调、危害识别、风险路径的确定和风险因素层级评估等方法进行的定性风险评估初步显示,在该地取消小反刍兽疫强制免疫后可能会发生小反刍兽疫的风险等级为中。在风险管理措施上,提出该地退出强制免疫应推迟一年,重点完善政策支持、加强监测排查、加强检疫监管、强化培训宣传等建议。     

山莨菪碱提高嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗浸泡免疫鲫的效果

为研究山莨菪碱作为佐剂在细菌灭活疫苗浸泡免疫中的作用,将山莨菪碱和嗜水气单胞菌全菌灭活疫苗联合浸泡免疫异育银鲫,首次浸泡免疫7d后加强免疫1次.通过实时荧光定量PCR检测第2、4、7、11、14和21天脾脏中IgM、IL-1β、C3、C-凝集素以及溶菌酶的mRNA表达量,并在第21天进行同源菌株活菌攻击实验.结果显示,山莨菪碱组第4天IgM和IL-1 β的表达量达到最高值,分别为28.3和332.7;而无佐剂疫苗组第11天IgM和IL-1β达到最高值,分别为56.1和791.8.山莨菪碱组的补体C3、C-凝集素以及溶菌酶的表达量都显著高于无佐剂组和对照组,且表达持续时间长.活菌攻击实验表明山莨菪碱组的相对免疫保护率可达80.0％,显著高于无佐剂组的56.0％.结果表明,山莨菪碱与嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗共同浸泡免疫银鲫,可以增强脾脏中IgM、IL-1β、C3、C-凝集素以及溶菌酶基因表达,提高银鲫相对免疫保护率.     

A chronic oral toxicity study of marine collagen peptides preparation from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) skin using Sprague-Dawley rat

Due to the increased consumption of marine collagen peptides preparation (MCP) as ingredients in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, it was necessary to carry out safety requirements in the form of an oral chronic toxicity assessment. In order to define the oral chronic toxicity of MCP, a 24-month feeding study of MCP was carried out. Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats at the age of four-week of both sexes were treated with MCP at the diet concentrations of 0%, 2.25%, 4.5%, 9% and 18% (wt/wt). The actual food intake and bodyweight of the individual animals were recorded periodically until sacrifice. Blood and urine samples were collected for serum chemistry evaluations and urinalysis. Throughout the experimental period, there was no toxicologically significant difference between the vehicle and MCP-treated animals with respect to the survival rate, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis, clinical biochemistry parameter and relative organ weight in either sex. Moreover, incidences of non-neoplastic lesions in MCP-treated groups did not significantly increase compared with the control group. Under the present experimental conditions, no higher risk of chronic toxic effects was observed in MCP-treated rats at the diet concentrations of 2.25%, 4.5%, 9% and 18% (wt/wt) than in the rats fed with basal rodent diet.     

表达伪狂犬病毒gC糖蛋白基因重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫效果

通过双酶切将伪狂犬病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)Fa株gC囊膜糖蛋白基因片段亚克隆到5型腺病毒AdMax系统穿梭质粒pDC316中,得到pDC316-gC。用此质粒与腺病毒DNA辅助质粒pBHGloxΔ E1,3Cre共转染293细胞,包装出重组腺病毒Adv-gC。通过PCR鉴定和病毒空斑纯化,得到纯的高效价Adv-gC病毒液。间接免疫荧光实验证明此重组病毒能表达PRV gC蛋白。该病毒经肌注免疫Balb/c小鼠,能诱导小鼠产生特异的体液和细胞免疫反应。攻毒试验表明,此重组病毒能提供100%的免疫保护。     

Research on immunization strategies based on independent sets of complex networks

According to the concept of independent set, this paper proposes a new immunization strategy of complex networks which immunizes the nodes in an independent set with maximum degree, called targeted immunization in the independent set. When the total degree of immune nodes in independent set is equal to the total degree of targeted immunization nodes in the whole network, the immunization strategy of independent set is more effective than the targeted immunization strategy of the whole network. Based on the network structure, this paper explains the reason. Comparing the random immunization of independent sets with the random immunization in the whole network, test results indicate that more nodes do not be removed with high degree for the random immunization of independent sets. For classic susceptible-infected(SI) model, all nodes in the network are only two states: susceptible or infected. In the study of immunization strategies, comparing SI model with SIR, SIS models. The use of SI model will be more favorable.     

大黄鱼弧菌病综合防治对策的初步研究

在5月下旬用哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)灭活菌苗对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)幼鱼进行浸泡免疫,7月至8月高温季节投喂添加防病药物或者uharveyi灭活菌苗的配合饲料,进行了综合防病试验。试验结果表明,uharveyi灭活菌苗浸泡免疫接种可以有效地预防uharveyi对受免大黄鱼的感染,但是,受免鱼对副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)的感染则没有显著的保护;高温季节投喂添加药物的配合饲料能够有效地降低大黄鱼的死亡率,而将药物添加在鱼糜中后的投喂方式则不能获得明显防病效果;对受免鱼口服灭活菌苗后在56d内仍然可以观察到加强免疫效果。