禽流感HA7基因DNA疫苗的构建及免疫保护效果研究

为了研究禽流感HA7亚型DNA疫苗,将HA7基因插入高效真核表达载体pCAGGS,构建了DNA疫苗质粒pCAGGHA7,然后将pCAGGHA7以100μg剂量一次免疫3周龄SPF鸡,免疫SPF鸡后两周抗体水平达到3Log2,4周后用100 LD50的H7N1鼻腔途径进行攻击毒,发现100μg pCAGGHA7可形成8/8的免疫保护。表明禽流感DNA疫苗pCAGGH7诱导的保护性抗体免疫反应水平较高,能达到免疫保护效果。     

Analysis of KIT expression and KIT exon 11 mutations in canine oral malignant melanomas

KIT, a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, is one of the specific targets for anti-cancer therapy. In humans, its expression and mutations have been identified in malignant melanomas and therapies using molecular-targeted agents have been promising in these tumours. As human malignant melanoma, canine malignant melanoma is a fatal disease with metastases and the poor response has been observed with all standard protocols. In our study, KIT expression and exon 11 mutations in dogs with histologically confirmed malignant oral melanomas were evaluated. Although 20 of 39 cases were positive for KIT protein, there was no significant difference between KIT expression and overall survival. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of KIT exon 11 in 17 samples did not detect any mutations and proved disappointing. For several reasons, however, KIT expression and mutations of various exons including exon 11 should be investigated in more cases.     

土霉素在斑节对虾体内药代动力学和生物利用度

在自然海水（盐度33）．水温为（28．0±1．0）℃养殖条件下,采用反相高效液相色谱法（RP—HPLC）,研究口灌（100mg／kg）和围心腔注射（20mg／kg）2种给药途径下,土霉素在斑节对虾（Penaeus7YlOylodoYl）体内的药代动力学和生物利用度。围心腔注射和口灌给药下,血药药时曲线均适合采用二室模型拟合。围心腔注射下血药达峰浓度（Cmax）、药时曲线下面积（AUC0-1）、消除半衰期（t,m）分别为（80．71±13．12）mg／L 378．25nag·h·L-1、17．398h;口灌给药下的相应值分别为（21．98±3．32）mg／I。324．52nag·h·L-1、23．372h,土霉素在斑节对虾体内的生物利用度（F）为17．16％。口灌土霉素后,肝胰腺Cmax为（138．655±21．375）μg／g,是血药的6．3倍、肌肉峰浓度的130．2倍,药物在肝胰腺中含量最高;然而。肌肉和肝胰腺中土霉素消除较快,消除半衰期（t1/2x）分别为28．18h和19．311 h。根据我国水产品中药物残留限量规定,水产品中土霉素的最高残留限量（NY5070—2002）为0．1mg／kg,结合本试验研究结果,斑节对虾使用土霉素后的休药期为5d,肌肉可食组织即符合无公害食品标准要求。     

Vaccination of Poultry Workers: Delivery and Uptake of Seasonal Influenza Immunization

Avian influenza is a highly infectious disease in poultry and although the risk of human infection is low, concerns exist that it could evolve into a new human strain of pandemic potential if reassortment with a human influenza virus occurs. In January 2007, the UK government introduced a programme to vaccinate poultry workers to reduce the potential of such an event. This study evaluates the delivery, uptake and costs of the programme in three counties of England. A questionnaire survey was completed by consultants in public health in all the Primary Care Trusts in Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire in May 2007. The delivery of the programme varied between Primary Care Trusts, including being delivered in some cases by clinics in primary care, by general practitioners and occupational health services in others. The uptake of vaccination was low ranging from 7% to 29% at a cost of £29 to £132 per person vaccinated. Vaccination of poultry workers as a public health measure to prevent an influenza pandemic is likely to be ineffective with the level of coverage found in this evaluation in our region.     

生脉饮(党参方)的质量标准研究

[目的]建立生脉饮(党参方)的质量标准。[方法]用TLC法鉴别了党参、五味子、麦冬;用HPLC法测定了生脉饮(党参方)中五味子醇甲的含量。色谱柱为DiamonsilTMC18柱(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),柱温为30℃,以甲醇-水(55∶45)为流动相,检测波长为250nm,流速1.0 ml/min。[结果]在TLC色谱中均能检出党参、五味子、五味子醇甲、麦冬;五味子醇甲在0.046 12~0.691 80μg范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为98.9%,RSD=1.5%。[结论]方法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于控制生脉饮(党参方)的质量。     

胆囊收缩素主动免疫产蛋鸡的营养生理效应研究

用胆囊收缩素(CCK)主动免疫产蛋鸡，研究产蛋鸡血清和卵黄中CCK特异性抗体的产生规律及不同CCK免疫剂量对产蛋鸡生产性能和胰腺、胆囊发育及内分泌激素的影响。结果显示：用CCK-8主动免疫产蛋鸡，可以提高血清和卵黄CCK抗体水平，降低血液中CCK水平；CCK抗体的产生量在第1次加强免疫后即可接近高峰，第2、第3次加强免疫可维持较高的抗体水平。CCK主动免疫产蛋鸡后，对蛋鸡胰腺、胆囊发育、胰蛋白含量以及蛋鸡体内的生长激素、胰岛素和瘦素水平均没有显著影响，同时对蛋鸡采食量和料蛋比等生产性能也没有显著影响。用CCK主动免疫产蛋鸡，在不影响蛋鸡正常生理功能的同时，可以获得含特异性CCK抗体的卵黄。     

褪黑素和光照对鹌鹑白细胞介素-2的影响

采用褪黑素(MLT)完全抗原主动免疫鹌鹑，在不同光照条件下饲养，研究了MLT参与神经-内分泌-免疫网络调控时对IL-2水平的影响。结果表明：主动免疫后，MLT和IL-2水平明显下降；随着光照时间的延长，IL-2水平也显著下降。一定剂量的MLT可促进机体免疫因子IL-2的分泌。     

Oral Lesions Associated with Orotracheal Administered Mechanical Ventilation in Critically III Dogs

The incidence and clinical progression of oral lesions in a cohort of critically ill patients administered mechanical ventilation via orotracheal intubation were observed prospectively in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the University of California, Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Oral cavities of these patients were examined within 24 hours of being placed on the ventilator and at least daily thereafter during ventilator therapy. As part of the study protocol, any lesion noted was treated. Twenty-one critically ill canine patients (median age of 7 yrs; range <1 to 19 yrs) were observed from 1 January 1995 through 31 August 1995. Over ninety percent (90.5%) of the observed patients developed oral lesions subsequent to being mechanically ventilated. Erosive and ulcerative mucosal lesions were the most frequently observed (15/43) with the tongue being the most frequently involved oral structure. Most of the observed soft tissue oral lesions appeared secondary to persistently applied pressure from teeth, mouth gags, endotracheal tubes, and other monitoring devices. Efforts taken to prevent persistently applied trauma, such as periodic positional changes of equipment and padding of susceptible structures, apeared effective in preventing oral lesions. There were indications of gastric reflux in 6 patients (28.6%), as evidenced by secretions in the oral cavity with a pH of <6 and containing digested blood. Ulcerative lesions in the subset of patients with gastric reflux seemed to worsen in severity with exposure to the low pH secretions. Over the course of the study, the ICU nursing staff developed an effective protocol for the care of the oral cavity: treating mucosal erosions and ulcers topically8 with a dilute chlorhexidine solution (0.05%), removing oral secretions via suction as needed, and padding persistently traumatized tissues with glycerin moistened gauze. Oral lesions in orotrachealy intubated and mechanically ventilated patients are predictable, preventable, and treatable. Most lesions are pressure induced, associated with monitoring/therapeutic equipment, and appear to be preventable with appropriate nursing protocls. Most observed oral lesions clinically improved with routine, periodic dilute chlorhexidine rinses and relief of applied pressure.     

接种泰氏锥虫及其抗原使家兔和小鼠产生抗伊氏锥虫的交叉免疫力

用培养的泰氏锥虫制备的死、活两种虫体抗原,接种于家兔和小鼠,一定时间后用伊氏锥虫强毒株攻击,观察其血清抗体的变化及交叉免疫保护能力。试验表明,泰氏锥虫虫体抗原可刺激机体产生较高的体液抗体;免疫动物有一定的抵御伊氏锥虫攻击的能力,与对照组相比,免疫动物血液中虫体出现的时间较迟,最初的数量少,临床症状轻。死虫抗原组的交叉免疫保护能力较活虫抗原组强。     

Immunizing efficacy of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from different hostsEfficacite d'immunisation par differentes souches de Toxoplasma gondii isolees de differents hotes

Studies were carried out to determine the fate of virulent Toxoplasma gondii challenge in immune animals. Toxoplasma strains isolated from human, swine, rabbit and cat hosts were used for the primary immunization of mice. Brains were removed at various intervals after the challenge and subinoculated into normal mice. Prior immunization with one of the nine toxoplasma strains enabled the mice either to eliminate or harbour the challenge organisms without loss of virulence. The outcome of challenge infection was dependent on the parasite strain used for the immunization and the time interval between challenge and subinoculation. Mice immunized with strain KSU isolated from a cat eliminated repeatedly administered challenge from 80% of animals. Strain S 162 isolated from a swine eliminated similar challenge from only 20% of animals. The results indicate that the extent of protection against virulent T. gondii can vary widely and is related to the immunogenicity of the original immunizing strain.