当归四逆汤对糖尿病周围神经病变患者神经传导速度和踝肱指数的影响

目的 观察当归四逆汤对糖尿病周围神经病变患者神经传导速度和踝肱指数的影响。方法 将糖尿病周围神经病变患者随机分为对照组30例与治疗组30例,两组均口服甲钴胺作为基础治疗,治疗组加用当归四逆汤治疗,治疗4周后,观察并比较两组患者的总体疗效、周围神经传导速度及踝肱指数的改善情况。结果 治疗组总有效率90.0%显著高于对照组63.3%（P<0.05）,且其神经传导速度、踝肱指数改善优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 当归四逆汤治疗糖尿病周围神经病变有较好的疗效,能增强神经传导速度,改善踝肱指数值,可临床推广应用。     

利用免疫组化方法初步鉴定雌性三疣梭子蟹视神经节GnRH受体

为了研究促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)受体在甲壳动物视神经节中的存在及分布情况,采用MaxVisionTM免疫组织化学方法,以兔抗人GnRH受体的多克隆抗体,对不同发育期雌性三疣梭子蟹的视神经节进行了免疫组织化学定位。结果显示,GnRH受体的免疫阳性物质在视神经节的多个部位,视神经层、视外髓、视内髓、视端髓及X器中都有较为广泛的存在,在视外髓、视内髓与X器处的神经分泌细胞中尤为明显。不同发育期的雌性三疣梭子蟹视神经节GnRH受体的免疫阳性分布位置相似,免疫阳性强度存在一定的差异。三疣梭子蟹视神经节存在的GnRH受体免疫阳性物质,为GnRH参与视神经节调节作用提供了形态学依据。     

Routine and specialized laboratory testing for the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases in dogs and cats

Abstract: The diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases can be challenging. The first step is recognition that the disease involves the neuromuscular system (muscle, neuromuscular junction, peripheral nerve, and ventral horn cells of the spinal cord). Many neuromuscular diseases share clinical signs and cannot be distinguished based on clinical examination. Routine laboratory screening, including a CBC, biochemical profile, and urinalysis, can identify some of the most common systemic abnormalities that cause muscle weakness and myalgia, such as hypo‐ and hyperglycemia, electrolyte disorders, or thyroid abnormalities, and may suggest a specific diagnosis, such as diabetes mellitus, hypo‐ or hyperadrenocorticism, renal failure, or hypothyroidism. Increased creatine kinase activity, increased cardiac troponin I concentration, and myoglobinuria are useful in detecting skeletal and cardiac muscle damage. Identification of acetylcholine receptor antibodies is diagnostic for acquired myasthenia gravis. For primary muscle or peripheral nerve diseases, tissue biopsy is the most direct way to determine specific pathology, correctly classify the disease, and determine the course of additional laboratory testing. For example, inflammatory, necrotizing, dystrophic, metabolic, or congenital myopathies require different laboratory testing procedures for further characterization. Many neuromuscular diseases are inherited or breed‐associated, and DNA‐based tests may already be established or may be feasible to develop after the disorder has been accurately characterized. This review focuses on both routine and specialized laboratory testing necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis and determine an accurate prognosis for neuromuscular diseases.     

Action of deltamethrin on N-type (Cav2.2) voltage-sensitive calcium channels in rat brain

Isolated presynaptic nerve terminals prepared from whole rat brain were used to evaluate the action of deltamethrin on voltage-sensitive calcium channels by measuring calcium influx and endogenous glutamate release. Deltamethrin-enhanced K⁺-stimulated calcium influx and subsequent Ca²⁺-dependent glutamate release. The effect of deltamethrin was concentration-dependent, stereospecific, blocked by ω-conotoxin MVIIC but unaltered in the presence of tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels are a site of action at the presynaptic nerve terminal. Electrophysiological studies were carried out using rat brain Ca_v2.2 and β₃ subunits coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes to validate such action. Deltamethrin reduced barium peak current in a concentraion-dependent and stereospecific manner, increased the rate of activation, and prolonged the inactivation rate of this channel. These experiments support the conclusion that N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel operation is altered by deltamethrin.     

Online wine wearing detection device for AC contact network

For the transmission pressure 27.5 kV of the railroad AC contact network, and the non parallel (on earth) arbitrary plane for the wire wearing surface, the optic fiber was used to isolate the high voltage and to transmit the measurement signal. A remote grating type adaptive automatic machinery transducer was used to detect the AC contact network wire wearing surface with about seven meters from the ground. Based on this method, a system was designed and calibrated, achieving measurement of wire rubbing with high voltage. The actual measurements indicate that the method and the system satisfy the demand of the measurement of contact network wire wearing. The method is significant to the geometric sense measurement of the high voltage charged body.     

The repair effects of Achyranthes bidentata extract on the crushed common peroneal nerve of rabbits

In this study the effect of the Achyranthes bidentata root aqueous extract on regeneration of the crushed common peroneal nerve in rabbits by using a combination of electrophysiological assessment and histological aspect were investigated. The examined functional and morphological parameters suggest that A. bidentata extract could accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration in a dose-dependent manner (10-20 microg/kg, i.v.).     

Primary bilateral corneal nerve sheath neoplasm in a dog

A 15‐year‐old, neutered male, Shih Tzu cross developed progressive corneal stromal thickening and vascularization of the right eye, and 5 months later, of the left eye. Both eyes became blind due to extensive corneal opacification and were enucleated. Light microscopic examination revealed a diffuse corneal infiltrate of neoplastic mesenchymal cells, and immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse cytoplasmic vimentin immunoreactivity and variable cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity for S100 in the neoplastic cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed desmosomes between contiguous cells, thread‐like cytoplasmic processes coated with basement membrane, extracellular bundles of collagen, and axonal degeneration consistent with features of a nerve sheath neoplasm. This is the first report of primary, bilateral corneal nerve sheath sarcoma in a canine.     

Effect of glucocorticoids on cows suspected of subclinical infection with M. paratuberculosis

Summary

Glucocorticoids were administered to 10 heifers suspected of subclinical infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Three animals remained untreated.

M. paratuberculosis was isolated from the internal organs of 2 animals after this treatment but not from any of the control group. Delayed type hypersensitivity and lymphocyte reactivity towards Johnin and purified protein derivates of M. avium and M. bovis were depressed. A sharp increase in total leucocyte count, due loan increase in neutrophil numbers, occurred. In the three untreated animals these parameters did not change during the experiment.

A decrease of specific immunological reactivity towards M. paratuberculosis occurred, but not to such an extent that clinical disease developed.     

Effect of electroacupuncture on microglia phenotype in injured abducens nerve

AIM: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture treatment on microglia phenotype in Beagle dogs with abducens nerve injury. METHODS: Healthy adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group, sham operation group, injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group, with 5 dogs in each group. In sham operation group, only the isolated nerves were exposed. In injury group, the dogs were restrained when electroacupuncture was performed in electroacupuncture treatment group. In electroacupuncture treatment group, electroacupuncture was performed on the base of dog nerve injury. The experiment was continued for 2 weeks. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of M1 and M2 markers in the microglia. RESULTS: The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in injury group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). In electroacupuncture treatment group, the expression of iNOS was significantly lower than that in injury group (P<0.05). The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in control group and that in electroacupuncture treatment group was significantly lower than that in injury group (P<0.05). The expression of arginase in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and that in electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in injury group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in injury group and electroacupuncture treatment group was increased compared with control group (P<0.05). But the expression of BDNF in electroacupuncture treatment group was higher than that in injury group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: After abducens nerve injury, electroacupuncture treatment reduces the expression levels of M1 marker proteins in microglia and increases the expression levels of M2 marker proteins.