对住宅小区网络的接入网技术的看法

从住宅小区智能化对通信网络功能的要求出发,阐述并分析通过采用FTTX纯光纤网综合布 线、ADSL及HFC 3种方式实现家庭高速多媒体宽带接入的建设方案。     

Local anaesthetic techniques for the equine head,towards guided techniques and new applications

Perineural nerve blocks are often used in equine practice, especially since the use of diagnostic and surgical procedures in the standing sedated horse have expanded over recent decades. The purpose of this review is to discuss the different perineural nerve blocks for the equine head. The review starts with the currently most used blind approaches as described in textbooks and scientific studies. In human medicine, the role of guided techniques, such as ultrasound guidance, advanced imaging guidance and nerve stimulator guided techniques, is very extensively described. These techniques are promising to use in equine medicine as well. The first studies that describe these techniques in equine cases are also discussed in this review, as well as the possibilities for neuromodulation in equine pain syndromes like equine trigeminus-mediated headshaking and the role of perineural nerve blocks in diagnosing this syndrome.     

A simple and effective auxiliary device for detection of physiologic function on isolated sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius in toads

AIM: To design a simple and effective auxiliary device for detection of the compound action potential (CAP) and the force on the isolated sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius in toads, and to investigate its practicability. METHODS: A simple "L" shape device (L tube), which was composed of a nerve chamber and an organ bath, was made for fixing the isolated sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius. After fixing, the sciatic CAP and the gastrocnemius force were detected by BL-420S data acquisition and analysis system. The specimens were radomly divided into control group, and the lidocaine nerve and muscle groups. The sciatic nerve or gastrocnemius of each lidocaine group was firstly treated with the corresponding concentration of lidocaine, and then washed out with Ringer's solution, and its reversible anesthetic action on nerve conduction and muscle force was analyzed to verify the practicability of the L tube device. RESULTS: The CAP and the force of the sciatic-gastrocnemius specimens were detected concurrently by fixing the specimens in the L tube, and the liquid in the nerve chamber and organ bath was changed easily. Compared with the control, lidocaine at 0.05 and 0.2 g/L significantly increased the sciatic threshold stimulus voltage and maximal stimulus voltage (P<0.05), prolonged the absolute refractory period (P<0.01), and slowed down the conduction velocity (P<0.01). Lidocaine at 1 g/L completely blocked the sciatic conduction. The rest tension of the gastrocnemius was increased, and the maximal twitch force was decreased significantly by 1 g/L lidocaine (P<0.01), but the threshold and maximal stimulus voltage did not show statistic difference. The parameters of the sicatic nerve and gastrocnemius completely or partially recovered to the control level after washing out.CONCLUSION: As an auxiliary device, L tube makes the detection of CAP and force on the isolated sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius in toads more conveniently.     

妊娠家兔子宫交感神经分布的变化--HRP法研究

利用辣根过氧化物酶 (HRP)顺向追踪法 ,研究了家兔子宫交感神经的分布及妊娠后的变化。结果发现 ,HRP标记的交感神经纤维分布于子宫壁各层 ,其中内膜和环行肌层最多 ,神经纤维的直径为 3～ 9μm,平均为 (5.92± 0 .2 3)μm。光镜下对子宫切片整个横断面计数发现 ,妊娠组 (妊娠 18d)与非妊娠组相比 ,妊娠子宫各段 HRP标记神经纤维数量显著下降 (P<0 .0 1) ,表明妊娠子宫交感神经数量减少。除数量变化外 ,妊娠组子宫 HRP标记神经纤维直径也有减小的趋势。讨论了对妊娠子宫交感神经数量减少的意义     

Suspected sphenoid bone osteomyelitis causing visual impairment in two dogs and one cat

Objective  To present the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of sphenoid bone osteomyelitis.
Procedures  Two dogs (English Springer Spaniel – ESS, Golden Retriever – GR) and one cat (Domestic Long Haired) were presented with a 2–14-day history of visual deficits and reduced pupillary light reflexes. Investigations included physical, ophthalmologic and neurological examination as well as hematology, serum biochemistry, MRI of the head and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.
Results  MRI changes included thickening of the sphenoid bone and a loss of normal bone marrow signal on T1W MRI. Enhancement of the sphenoid bones, ventral meninges and ventral surface of the brain was present using paramagnetic contrast medium. CSF analysis was abnormal in the two dogs with increased cellularity, neutrophilic pleocytosis, intracellular bacteria and increased total protein in one, and with lymphocytic pleocytosis in another. CSF analysis was normal in the cat.
An underlying cause for the osteomyelitis could not be identified. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for 3–6 weeks combined with anti-inflammatory medications proved effective. Full clinical recovery occurred with no relapse during the follow up time of 7 (ESS) and 4 (Domestic Long Haired) years. The GR relapsed 10 months after treatment and recovered following a second 3-week course of broad-spectrum antibiotics with no relapse during the following 3 years.
Conclusion  Visual pathway deficits in dogs and cats may be due to sphenoid bone osteomyelitis. MRI and CSF analysis can assist diagnosing this potentially treatable condition. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of sphenoid bone osteomyelitis in these species.     

新疆草鹅植物性神经的研究 Ⅱ、副交感神经功能性形态

草鹅的副交感神经,除头面部动眼和面神经副交感纤维外,颈部迷走、舌咽神经广泛支配着气管和食道。舌咽神经节有专一连接颈动脉窦和颈动脉体的窦神经。迷走结状神经节有连接后颈动脉体的专一功能性神经。右侧迷走心肺神经有与主动脉弓相连的减压纤维。舌咽神经的下行支,除支配气管食道的纤维外,其末端纤维还分布到甲状腺以及食道膨大部。支配胸部心脏和肺的副交感纤维,均来自两侧迷走干,有从结状节后端发出的心脏神经长支,也有从相应部位迷走干发出的心肺神经短支,分别入心脏和肺。腹部两侧迷走主干,在食道末端形成了食道腹干,其分支经腺胃腹面向腹部有关内脏分布。右侧迷走干在返神经基部发出一独立的神经向后延伸,在食道末端形成食道背干,其分支分布于腺胃和肌胃的背侧面。腰荐部副交感纤维,分别来自第七、八、九、十对腰荐脊神经腹支,形成两侧盆神经,向骨盆内有关脏器分布。新疆草鹅作为一种新型家禽,对其饲养,繁殖及生态生理特性,特别对提高其生产能力的调控效应方面应作深入研究。本文作者在研究其交感神经基础上,又对其副交感神经进行了系统的解剖和探讨,现将结果整理于后。     

Self‐inflicted lingual trauma secondary to inferior alveolar nerve block in 3 horses

Exodontia is the typical treatment recommended in severe cases of dental disease where alternative treatment techniques fail to salvage the affected tooth. Exodontias are frequently performed in the standing horse with the benefit of sedation and regional anaesthesia in order to avoid the risks and expense of general anaesthesia. The inferior alveolar nerve block is commonly utilised when extracting diseased mandibular dentition. Because of the close anatomical relationship of the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves both may be desensitised following anaesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve. Desensitisation of the tongue may result in horses traumatising it during mastication before sensation returns. This report describes 3 horses that sustained self‐inflicted lingual trauma following inferior alveolar nerve blocks performed for standing oral surgical procedures.