夏玉米蒸散优化参数模型及参数敏感性分析

分别采用2种不同的冠层阻力模型和土壤阻力模型,组合成4种Shuttleworth-Wallace(S-W)模型,模拟夏玉米农田灌浆期的逐时蒸散量,以涡度相关法观测蒸散量为实测值检验模型改进的效果,找出最优冠层阻力模型和土壤阻力模型,并分析最优S-W模型对各阻力参数的敏感性。结果表明:李俊改进型有效叶面积指数冠层阻力模型和Sellers土壤阻力模型组合的S-W模型模拟效果最好,S-W模型估算玉米田蒸散的精度显著提高,蒸散发模拟值与实测值的相关系数、一致性指数更接近1,蒸散发模拟的相对误差和均方根误差变小。敏感性分析表明,在计算各个阻力参数模型中,S-W1模型估算蒸散发对冠层阻力最敏感,其次是土壤阻力和有效叶面积指数;采用改进型有效叶面积指数冠层阻力模型和Sellers土壤阻力参数模型组合后,在一定程度上提高了模型精度,提高了计算准确率。     

野生老芒麦种质资源鉴定与基部叶鞘绒毛变异分析

为更好地利用老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)野生资源,本研究从我国青藏高原、西北、华北、东北地区以及国外部分地区共采集了1 723份野生披碱草属种质资源,通过表型特征观测和流式细胞仪检测,共鉴定出了990份野生老芒麦种质,246份垂穗披碱草种质,并测得老芒麦的DNA含量在5.86～7.30 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为6.66 Gb;垂穗披碱草材料的DNA含量在9.50～10.36 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为9.97 Gb。研究结果显示,在西北、华北以及东北地区的部分野生老芒麦材料在苗期基部叶鞘出现了绒毛,分析发现该表型出现的概率与经度和纬度呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与海拔、年年均气温以及年平均降雨量呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。表明老芒麦苗期基部叶鞘绒毛的有无与环境因子之间存在着必然的联系,可能是老芒麦种质应对不同环境类型的适应性机制之一。本研究为老芒麦的形态鉴定提供了新的依据,为老芒麦种质资源挖掘和育种应用提供了材料基础。     

东南景天茎插和叶插繁殖研究

研究了人工气候箱里东南景天在不同植物激素(NAA 1 000 mg/L、IBA 500 mg/L)和不同空气湿度(60％、80％)组合下茎插繁殖和在不同基质的叶插繁殖.结果表明:光照强度80％和温度20～25℃下东南景天叶插插穗在蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1基质上生根最快、根长最长、根量最多、成活率最高,且都显著优于其它基质(p＜0.05,下同);东南景天茎插在60％空气湿度下显著优于湿度80％的、插穗用IBA处理比用NAA处理要好;60％空气湿度下经IBA 500 mg/L处理过的东南景天茎插插穗的生根最快,成活率、累计发芽率、根量评分最高,发芽略慢,最长根长略短,但植株整体生长状态最好,且都明显优于其它处理,是进行茎插繁殖的最佳处理组合.该研究为东南景天的快速繁殖、资源保护以及重金属污染土壤修复应用提供技术保障.     

不同施肥水平对核桃产量品质及叶片养分的影响

为了探讨施肥对泡核桃结实及品质的影响,试验选取刚挂果的泡核桃进行连续3a施肥处理。设置5个施肥处理：（1）不施肥;（2）4.0?kg复合肥（15-15-15）/株;（3）3.0?kg复混肥（8-10-12）/株+50g硼砂/株+50g硫酸锌/株;（4）4.0?kg复混肥（8-10-12）/株+50g硼砂/株+50g硫酸锌/株;（5）5.0kg复混肥（8-10-12）/株+50g硼砂/株+50g硫酸锌/株。结果表明,施肥能显著提高核桃单树果数、总果实重、总果仁重、核桃仁总氨基酸和核桃仁蛋白分别达对照组的318.18 %-572.72 %、384.83 %-752.32 %、406.96 %-775.42 %、16.64 %-23.47 %和17.36 %-22.22 % ,但不同处理间的核桃仁脂肪含量差异不显著。施肥可以显著提高核桃不同部位叶片中的氮、磷、钾、锌和硼含量。相关性分析表明,核桃果实数和果实重与核桃上部叶片磷、钾含量、核桃下部叶片硼含量呈显著正相关关系;核桃果仁重与核桃叶片磷、钾含量和核桃下部叶片硼含量呈显著正相关关系;核桃仁总氨基酸含量与核桃下部叶片氮、磷含量、核桃下部叶片的钾和硼含量呈显著正相关关系;核桃仁蛋白含量与核桃叶片磷、核桃上部叶片的锌和核桃下部叶片的硼含量呈显著正相关关系;核桃仁脂肪含量与核桃叶片养分含量相关性不显著。综合核桃产量和品质指标,研究表明施用有机质含量为15%的4.0 kg复混肥（8-10-12）/株+50g硼砂/株+50g硫酸锌/株的效果最佳,该施肥配比可在凤山核桃生产上推广应用。     

钙在橄榄树器官中的定量研究

本研究用原子吸收光谱法分析了果园土壤及橄榄树体各器官中钙量和不同组分钙的含量。结果表明：0～30cm土层中钙含量最高为0．65mg／g。橄榄器官中叶的钙含量最高为4．523mg／g，其次为根、果、结果枝。地上部器官钙含量由主干一主枝一结果枝一叶片逐渐增加。在各器官中钙主要以醋酸溶钙和盐酸溶钙的形式存在。     

基于正交实验的两种苦苣苔叶片扦插繁殖研究

以苦苣苔品种Primulina dryas‘Hisako’和Primulina‘Blue Mood’为试材,采用正交实验设计,分析不同因素、不同基质组分对扦插成活率、子株数、子株叶数的影响,并筛选出最优组合。探讨影响报春苣苔属扦插成活的因素,为报春苣苔属的扦插繁殖技术提供参考依据。结果表明:3种不同因素对Primulina dryas‘Hisako’成活率的影响大小为浓度>基质>叶片部位,对子株数的影响大小为叶片部位>浓度>基质,对子株叶数的影响大小为基质>叶片部位>浓度,最优组合为IBA+NAA等量混合浓度100 mg·L^-1+泥炭:珍珠岩:蛭石的体积比2∶1∶1+叶片下部。4种基质组分对P.‘Blue Mood’成活率的影响大小为泥炭>稻壳炭>蛭石>珍珠岩,对子株数的影响大小为珍珠岩>泥炭>蛭石>稻壳炭,对子株叶数的影响大小为泥炭>稻壳炭>珍珠岩>蛭石,扦插基质最优组合为泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石、稻壳炭的体积比6∶2∶2∶1。     

稻螟蛉幼虫空间分布型的研究

在第3，4代稻螟蛉幼虫盛发期，测定了田间幼虫空间分布格局。其水平分布属于聚集分布中的奈曼分布，垂直分布幼虫多集中在稻株中上部叶片。     

The bionomics ofLiriomyza Trifolii on Gypsophila and Bean Leaves

A study was carried out to determine the distribution of feeding and oviposition punctures made byLiriomyza trifolii Burgess on gypsophila(Gypsophila paniculata ) and bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves, and the development times of the immature stages on these plants. The absolute number of punctures per leaf area was much greater on bean leaves than on gypsophila leaves. The number of mines per leaf was also higher on beans than on gypsophila, but the ratio of mines/punctures was higher on gypsophila. Gypsophila leaves were punctured on both sides, but most of the punctures were on the distal third of the upper leaf side. On beans the punctures were dispersed uniformly on the upper side of the leaf. The larval period (±SE) at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30°C was 9.9±0.2, 4.4±0.1 and 3.7±0.1, and 5.5±O. l, 3.7±0.1 and 2.4±0.1 days, on gypsophila and bean, respectively. The pupal period at 17, 20, 25 and 30°C lasted 19.9±0.2, 14.7±0.1, 10.4±0.1 and 7.8±0.1 days, respectively.     

蚕豆黄化卷叶病的药剂防治

喷药治蚜防病试验中,溴氰菊酯和久效磷对豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)的防效分别达到96.7%和67.1%。两次和三次施用溴氰菊酯的防病效果分别达到84.1%和86.1%,蚕豆产量分别比未施药对照增产17.7%和21.9%。施药也影响蚕豆黄化卷叶病的时间分布型,三次施药小区的病株始终为泊松分布,病害没有再次扩散;未施药小区早春病株就出现负二项分布,越冬前病害已经扩散。豆蚜蚜害率与蚕豆黄化卷叶病发病率密切相关。     

Growth Complementation of hrpXo Mutants of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by Virulent Strains in Rice Cultivars Resistant and Susceptible to the Parental Strain

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (X. o. pv. oryzae) T7174 is virulent on rice cultivar IR24 and avirulent on IR-BB2. From recent reports, some virulence and avirulence factors of plant pathogenic bacteria are transferred to plant cells through the hrp-dependent type III secretion system. In this study, we investigated the involvement of hrp genes in the compatible and the incompatible interactions between rice and X. o. pv. oryzae after co-inoculation with hrpXo mutants derived from T7174 and virulent strains. Growth of the mutants, named 74ΔHrpXo and 76ΔHrpXo, was repressed in IR24 when the mutants were applied alone. However, growth of the mutants was complemented by co-inoculation with virulent strains. Growth of bioluminescent hrpXo mutant 76ΔHrpXo in IR24 and its growth in IR-BB2 after co-inoculation with T7133, which is virulent on both cultivars, was equally complemented, as detected by bioluminescence from the mutant. On the other hand, only partial complementation of growth of T7174L76, which is a bioluminescent and pathogenic derivative of T7174, by T7133 was observed in IR-BB2. Thus, growth of the hrpXo mutant of X. o. pv. oryzae was complemented by virulent strains in both susceptible and resistant rice leaves with the parental strain. Received 21 July 2000/ Accepted in revised form 26 October 2000