光谱判断田间鲜烟叶成熟度的影响因子研究

利用便携式地物波谱仪Field Spec 3测量烤烟成熟期烟叶的反射光谱,针对采收成熟度M2、M3,分析比较同一时间不同测量位点、及同一位点不同测量时间的反射光谱差异。结果表明:反射光谱的差异在不同测量位点主要体现在350~780 nm可见光波段和780~1300 nm近红外波段,在不同测量时间主要体现在780~1300 nm近红外波段。因此,利用光谱仪判断鲜烟叶成熟度,受测量位点的影响较大,而受测量时间的影响较小,但若测量烟叶生理生化组分、厚度和水分等内在指标,时间及天气状况是必须考虑的重要因素。     

减少底肥施用量增加叶面施肥次数对玉米产量的影响

该试验目的是研究降低底肥施用量但是增加叶面肥施用次数方面对玉米产量的变化规律，旨在找出最经济的施肥方式以达到在保护环境的基础上提高经济效益的目的。试验表明，玉米产量随着底肥施用量的增加而提高，并且叶面肥喷施次数越多产量越高，每喷一次，可增加产量258~592.5 kg/hm2，增产幅度2.3%~5.6%。     

黔南州核桃优树叶片营养元素和果实品质相关分析

为了分析叶片营养元素对黔南州核桃优树坚果品质的影响,通过方差分析和相关分析研究了叶片营养元素与坚果品质之间的相关关系。结果表明:不同品种的核桃优树单株的坚果品质指标间存在显著差异;叶片钙、铜和锰显著影响核桃坚果品质。可以通过核桃叶片营养元素的诊断来提高坚果品质。     

Effects of the severity and timing of basal leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines

The effects of the severity and timing of leaf removal(LR) on the amino acids of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines were studied during the 2017 growing season. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to analyze the amino acids profiles of grape berries and wines. The basal leaves were removed at three time points(40, 56 and 72 days after flowering, named LR40, LR56 and LR72, respectively) at two severity levels(one at which the first, third, and fifth basal leaves of each shoot were removed(50% level); and another at which the first six basal leaves were removed(100% level)). The results showed that leaf removal had little impact on total soluble solids(°Brix), titratable acidity, pH or berry weight. The LR72-50% treated grapes had higher berry weight, titratable acidity and °Brix than those of the other treatments. The highest concentrations of total amino acids and of total amino acids except proline were detected in LR72-50% treated grapes(2 952.58 and 2 764.36 mg L~(-1), respectively); the lowest were detected in LR72-100% treated grapes(2 172.82 and 2 038.71 mg L~(-1), respectively). LR72-50% treatment significantly promoted the synthesis of aspartic acid, serine, arginine, alanine, aminobutyric acid and proline at both severity levels for grapes, the concentrations of all of these amino acids were increased relative to the control concentrations. The LR72-50%, LR40-100% and LR72-100% treated wines had higher total amino acids concentrations and higher concentrations of some individual amino acids, such as arginine, alanine and serine, than did the control wines. Of all the amino acids studied, glycine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine and lysine were not significantly influenced by the timing or severity basal defoliation in grapes and wines. The present study reveals the effects of the timing and severity of leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of grapes and wines.     

42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防效

[目的]探讨42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的田间防治效果。[方法]以10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂为对照药剂,采用小区试验研究42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防治效果。[结果]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂在剂量为150.0~225.0 g a.i./hm2时,对番茄叶霉病的防治效果为83.37%~91.63%,与10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂120.0g a.i./hm~2对番茄叶霉病的防治效果无显著差异,但显著高于70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂562.5 g a.i./hm~2的防治效果。[结论]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂可广泛用于番茄叶霉病的防治。     

大蒜素对番茄叶霉菌不同生理小种的抑制作用

研究大蒜素对番茄生产上叶霉菌主流生理小种1.2.3.4以及2014年新发现生理小种2.5、2.4.5和1.2.3.4.9的抑制作用,为开发安全、高效的植物源农药奠定基础。首先制备大蒜素抽提母液,采用定硫法对其中的大蒜素进行定量测定,发现当溶液中滴加4 m L浓硝酸、溶液p H值为2.0时能够更为准确地测得大蒜素的含量,试验测得大蒜素含量为0.52%。在此基础上,进行了大蒜素对4个叶霉菌生理小种菌丝生长、孢子萌发的抑制试验,离体叶片上的病害预防试验以及苗期药效试验。结果表明,当大蒜素剂量25μL/m L时,其对叶霉菌生理小种菌丝生长的抑制活性较高,其中对1.2.3.4的抑制率最高,对1.2.3.4.9的抑制率最低,对其他2个生理小种的抑制率差异不显著。当大蒜素剂量7.5μL/m L时,其对4个生理小种孢子萌发的抑制效应存在差异,其中对1.2.3.4.9的孢子萌发抑制率最低,对1.2.3.4的孢子萌发抑制率最高。当大蒜素剂量为125μL/m L时,其对叶霉菌4个生理小种在离体叶片上的预防效果均超过95%。苗期药效试验表明,在相等剂量下,大蒜素对叶霉菌的防治效果高于多菌灵和甲基托布津,说明大蒜素是一种可以替代化学药剂防治叶霉病的有效抑菌物质。     

不同叶面肥对狐臭柴叶片生物量和主要生化指标的影响

以三年生狐臭柴为实验材料,设置自然光和遮光两种光照条件,用三种叶面肥进行喷施,分析不同肥料对狐臭柴叶片生物量和主要生化指标的影响。结果表明:喷施氮肥能显著提高狐臭柴叶片生物量,自然光及遮光下分别增加37.30%和15.02%,但果胶的积累减少,分别降低19.78%和17.35%;磷肥能显著提升叶片果胶的含量,分别增加158.08%和239.96%,但叶片生物量显著低于对照,分别降低55.83%和47.40%;复合肥对叶片生物量无明显影响,果胶含量轻微降低。各肥料均使可溶性糖含量降低,且在遮光条件下使叶片内可溶性蛋白含量增加,自然光下使可溶性蛋白含量降低。     

水稻卷叶突变体rlm1的基因克隆

叶片是植物光合作用的主要场所,优良的叶片形态有利于塑造理想的株型,提高光合效率。为了研究叶片形态建成的分子机制,自水稻T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选获得1个叶片半卷曲的卷叶突变体(roll leaf mutant,命名为rlm1),突变体rlm1主要特征为成熟叶片沿中脉向内卷,叶片最终卷成直立半圆筒状,叶片卷曲度达0.64,叶片直立参数达95,且光合效率显著优于野生型。通过图位克隆技术,确定突变体rlm1突变位点位于LOC_Os03g06654基因的第1个内含子,LOC_Os03g06654基因编码黄素单氧化酶(flavin-containing monooxygenase),RT-PCR表达分析表明LOC_Os03g06654基因因T-DNA插入而导致完全失活。该基因与已报道的水稻卷叶基因Os COW1(Constitutively Wilted 1)为等位基因,而且突变体rlm1所表现的农艺性状均佳,可期待利用该突变体进行高光合的育种实践。     

基于滚筒的打后碎片筛分工艺

为改善打后筛分工艺,降低投资运行成本,方便维护保养,对比分析了分别以振筛和滚筒为关键筛分设备的两种打后筛分工艺,从工艺设计依据、质量分析、投资运行、维护保养和持续改进等方面阐述了滚筒式打后筛分工艺的特性.结果表明,该工艺具有成熟的理论和实践基础,工序本身不会引起片烟过多的造碎和卷曲,而且在设备投资、维护保养和改进空间等方面,具有振筛式打后筛分工艺所无法比较的优越性.     

Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Toxins to Field Populations of Rice Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee） and Establishment of Baseline Susceptibility to Cry1Ab

Eight insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis, CrylAa, CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylB, Cry2Aa, CrylC, CrylDa and Cry 1Ea were assessed for toxicity against 1 st instar larvae of rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee） at 48 HAT and 72 HAT. Bioassay results depicted CrylAa was the most toxic （LCso 2.35 ppm） followed by CrylBa （LCso 8,50 ppm） and CrylAb （LCso 8.73 ppm） at 48 HAT, whereas, at 72 HAT CrylAb proved to be highly toxic （LC50 0.50 ppm） followed by CrylAa （LCso 4.07 ppm）, CrylAc （LCso 4,84 ppm） and CrylBa （LCso 6.42 ppm）. Toxins Cry2Aa, CrylCa, CrylDa and CrylEa did not resulted in any mortality at 48 HAT and 72 HAT, respectively. Baseline estimates for CrylAb against 1st instar larvae of C. medinalis sampled from seven geographical locations revealed variation in LC50＇s from 0.37 ppm to LC50 16.25 ppm at 48 HAT and LC50 0.50 ppm to LC50 6.49 ppm 72 HAT, respectively with relative resistance ratios of 44-fold and 13-fold at 48 HAT and 72 HAT over the susceptible population.