Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on growth,survival, physiological,immunological and gut morphological conditions of black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius 1798)

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary inclusion with mannan oligosaccharide (Bio‐Mos, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY, USA) on growth, survival, physiological and immunological conditions and gut morphology of the black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). Five diets supplemented with MOS at 0 g kg^?1 (control diet), 1, 2, 4 and 8 g kg^?1 were fed to the prawn juveniles (0.4 ± 0.06 g, total weight) for the duration of 63 days. Growth was the highest (P < 0.05) when the prawns were fed the 1 g kg^?1 MOS included diet. Wet tail muscle index (Tw/B), dry tail muscle index (Td/B) and tail muscle protein (Tmp) were higher (P < 0.05) in the prawns fed MOS included diets MOS compared with the prawns fed the control diet. Total haemocyte counts (THCs) of the prawns fed MOS included diets were higher (P < 0.05) than THCs of the prawns fed the control diet. Epithelium layer and epidermal cell density of the gut of the prawns fed 1 g kg^?1 and 2 g kg^?1 MOS diets were better than the prawns fed the control and other MOS diets. The results imply a positive effect of dietary supplementation of 1–2 g kg^?1 MOS in the culture of black tiger prawns.     

寡糖-中草药复合物和黄霉素对异育银鲫生长、免疫及抗病力的影响

在基础日粮中分别添加6 mg/kg黄霉素、0.1%寡糖-中草药复合物、0.2%寡糖-中草药复合物,连续投喂600尾异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)56 d后,测定鱼的生长、血清溶菌酶活性,丙二醛含量,超氧化物歧化酶活性,谷丙转氨酶活性,谷草转氨酶活性及血液生化指标等。结果显示:与对照组相比,添加6 mg/kg黄霉素显著提高了异育银鲫血液甘油三酯含量、血清溶菌酶活性;添加0.1%寡糖-中草药复合物显著提高了异育银鲫增重率、特定生长率、血清溶菌酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性;添加0.2%寡糖-中草药复合物显著提高了异育银鲫增重率、特定生长率、血液葡萄糖含量、血清溶菌酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性,显著降低了谷丙转氨酶活性、谷丙转氨酶/谷草转氨酶(即GPT/GOT)活性比值。鱼攻毒试验也表明试验各组都有死鱼,但是对照组死亡率是最高的。因此添加0.2%寡糖-中草药复合物能提高机体免疫机能与抗氧化能力,抵抗病原菌感染,保护肝脏,能促进鱼体生长。     

Improving high soy feed formulations for the Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus through newer soy products and carbohydrase supplementation

Florida pompano perform well on soy‐based, low‐animal protein diets. These diets may be improved through the use of enzymes as a feed supplement or as pretreatment of the soy product prior to inclusion. Novel soy products produced through enzyme treatment or fermentation often have higher protein content and lower levels of indigestible carbohydrates. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the potential of enzyme supplements. The first trial evaluated the effects of carbohydrase supplementation to diets based on two different soybean meals (commodity or selectively bred meal). Pompano fed the selected soybean had significantly improved growth rates and feed efficiency, while enzymatic supplementation had no significant effect on fish performance. However, enzyme supplementation increased phosphorus and energy retention when added to diets based on commodity soybean meal. Carbohydrase supplementation improved dry matter digestibility in commodity soy‐based diets but had no significant effect on selected soybean‐based diets. The second growth trial consisted of an increasing inclusion of an enzymatically treated soybean meal product (NutriVance). Results indicate that NutriVance can replace the totality of commodity soybean without impacting fish performance. Digestibility of the commodity soy, NutriVance, and a fermented soybean meal (Pepsoygen) was also evaluated, with no detectable difference in digestibility values.     

Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Endo-Type Metal-Independent Alginate Lyase from the Marine Bacteria Vibrio sp. Ni1

The applications of alginate lyase are diverse, but efficient commercial enzymes are still unavailable. In this study, a novel alginate lyase with high activity was obtained from the marine bacteria Vibrio sp. Ni1. The ORF of the algB gene has 1824 bp, encoding 607 amino acids. Homology analysis shows that AlgB belongs to the PL7 family. There are two catalytic domains with the typical region of QIH found in AlgB. The purified recombinant enzyme of AlgB shows highest activity at 35 °C, pH 8.0, and 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl without any metal ions. Only K⁺ slightly enhances the activity, while Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺ strongly inhibit the activity. The AlgB preferred polyM as substrate. The end products of enzymatic mixture are DP2 and DP3, without any metal ion to assist them. This enzyme has good industrial application prospects.     

壳寡糖、钕、微量元素对菠菜产量和品质的影响

研究了壳寡糖、钕、微量元素对盆栽菠菜的产量和品质的影响。结果表明：壳寡糖＋钕＋微量元素、壳寡糖、钕＋微量元素处理均能显著提高菠菜的产量,壳寡糖＋钕＋微量元素最为明显;壳寡糖＋钕＋微量元素处理和用钕＋微量元素都能显著提高菠菜的含糖量;各处理对菠菜Vc含量无显著性差异;三者配合使用能显著降低菠菜硝态氮和草酸的含量。     

20%寡聚酸碘对水稻白叶枯病的田间防治效果

以20%噻森铜SC 417倍稀释液为对照药剂,进行了20%寡聚酸碘用于防治水稻白叶枯病(病原Xanthomonas oryzae)的大田药效试验。结果表明,对水稻白叶枯病的防治效果从大到小依次为20%寡聚酸碘1 000倍稀释液、20%噻森铜SC 417倍稀释液、20%寡聚酸碘1 500倍稀释液、20%寡聚酸碘2 000倍稀释液和20%寡聚酸碘3 000倍稀释液,防治效果分别为69.28%、67.99%、64.63%、61.36%和56.45%。对防效进行差异性显著分析表明,在0.05水平,20%寡聚酸碘1 000、1 500、2 000倍稀释液与3 000倍稀释液之间差异显著,20%寡聚酸碘1 000、1 500倍稀释液与对照药20%噻森铜SC 417倍稀释液无显著差异。与喷施对照药剂和清水的小区相比,喷施20%寡聚酸碘稀释液的水稻长势更旺盛。证实20%寡聚酸碘对水稻白叶枯病具有一定的防治效果,并能促进水稻生长,建议田间施用1 000~2 000倍稀释液。     

生物技术在小麦麸皮酶法制备寡糖的开发与应用

【目的】以小麦麸皮为原料采用生物技术制备新型寡糖,论述国内外功能性寡糖的研究进展和应用。【方法】采用还原糖的测定寡糖含量,讨论寡糖的主要生理功能及其提取、分离纯化和结构分析的方法。【结果】以小麦麸皮为原料制备寡糖具有生产成本低,易实现工业化生产的特点。开发出的寡糖具有明显的双歧杆菌增殖效果,是一种低热值新糖源。【结论】寡糖对机体有独特的生理功能,应用范围广,保健效果明显。尤其是双歧杆菌制品的广泛应用,使得人们重视寡糖对双歧杆菌在机体肠道内存活、定植和增殖的功效;用小麦麸皮为原料可用于生产寡糖的原料广泛,可以变废为宝,还能减轻环境污染。     

牛蒡寡糖诱导黄瓜对白粉病的抗性

以5.0 g.L-1牛蒡寡糖溶液作为外源激发子处理离体黄瓜叶片,研究牛蒡寡糖对黄瓜叶片中小分子化合物的诱导效果,并探讨所诱导出的小分子化合物组分的抗菌活性;以及用5.0 g.L-1牛蒡寡糖溶液喷施黄瓜植株,3 d后接种白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuligine),调查黄瓜的病情指数和相对防效。通过GC-MS测定,表明牛蒡寡糖能够有效地诱导出黄瓜叶片中的多种低分子量的芳香族化合物组分。其中,3-甲基-4-羟苯基丙烯酸组分含量提高的幅度最大,为对照组的4.73倍;2,3,5-三甲基对二苯酚含量提高的幅度也很大,为对照组的3.31倍;处理组的香豆酮、2-甲基奈、水杨酸甲酯、愈创木酚等组分的含量分别为对照组的2.67、2.50、2.00和1.55倍;另外12种组分如2-甲氧基-3-甲基苯酚、2-甲氧基-1,3,4-三甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三甲基苯酚、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚、4-乙基-3-甲氧基苯酚、4-(1-甲乙基)苯甲酸、4-(1,1-二甲乙基)苯甲醇2、,3,4,6-四甲基苯酚、1,4-二甲氧基-2,3-二甲基苯酚、香芹醇、百里香酚和丁子香酚等只在处理组检出。另外,试验还证明所诱导出的小分子化合物组分对黄瓜白粉病菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长具有很强的抑制活性(P<0.01)。与直接接种的对照组相比,处理组的黄瓜植株感染白粉病的时间有所延迟,受侵害的程度明显减轻,病情指数显著降低,防效达到64.13%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,适宜浓度的牛蒡寡糖能诱导出黄瓜对白粉病的系统抗性,是一种有效的植物抗病激发子,可以用于黄瓜真菌病害的生物防治。     

磷酸化壳寡糖制备工艺研究

[目的]对壳寡糖磷酸化的工艺条件进行优化。[方法]通过单因素试验,考察磷酸化试剂、温度、时间、pH值对磷酸化壳寡糖磷酸根含量的影响,并通过正交试验确定最佳磷酸化工艺条件。[结果]最佳磷酸化工艺条件为：以浓度5％的多聚磷酸钠（STPP）和浓度1％的六偏磷酸钠（SHMP）的混合液作为磷酸化试剂,温度80℃,时间4h,pH值7．0。在此最佳条件下所得磷酸化壳寡糖的磷酸根含量为1．873％。[结论]该研究可为磷酸化壳寡糖在农业领域的应用提供试验基础。     

牛蒡菊糖生理功能研究进展

牛蒡菊糖为低聚果糖,属于水溶性膳食纤维,在牛蒡的根部含量丰富。文中主要对牛蒡菊糖清除自由基、调节肠道平衡、增强免疫力、抗疲劳、降血脂、预防酒精损伤和抑制癌细胞等生理功能的研究进展进行综述,但关于其在预防糖尿病、促进矿物质吸收以及食品开发领域的应用有待更深入的研究。