Presumed post‐traumatic ocular chondrosarcoma with intrathoracic metastases in a cat

An indoor‐only, 5‐year‐old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented for an ophthalmic examination of the left eye. An intraocular tumor with secondary glaucoma and blindness was diagnosed; the globe was enucleated and sent for histopathological examination. Gross examination revealed a solid white mass filling the entire vitreous space and replacing the iris and ciliary body. The lens and retina appeared to be similarly replaced by the neoplasm. Histological examination revealed a complete loss of the internal ocular structures, with a ruptured capsule as the only remnant of the lens within an extensive malignant mesenchymal neoplastic cell proliferation. The cells were polygonal, with well‐defined cytoplasmic borders and abundant weakly basophilic cytoplasm, embedded within the islands of chondroid matrix. No neoplastic invasion of the sclera was apparent. The animal died 6 months after the enucleation due to respiratory distress. Gross examination revealed numerous firm, white to tan nodular masses with smooth to mildly irregular surfaces dispersed throughout the parietal pleura, thoracic surface of the diaphragm, tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, pericardium, and lungs. On cross‐section, the neoplastic nodules were solid and variably translucent, resembling hyaline cartilage. Histologically, these nodules were similar to the neoplasm identified earlier in the left globe. Metastasis of post‐traumatic ocular chondrosarcoma has not yet been described in cats. This is therefore believed to be the first report of metastases of this type of neoplasm in cats. This case adds to the limited set of data on the outcome of this type of tumor.     

超声生物显微镜在重度眼表烧伤早期患者诊疗中的应用及意义

目的了解超声生物显微镜在重度眼表烧伤早期患者诊疗中的应用及意义。方法对11例（11眼）重度眼表烧伤患者进行超声生物显微镜检查。结果早期眼表重度烧伤11例（11眼）经超声生物显微镜检查均显示出有角膜增厚、房角后退、狭窄、瞳孔散大、前房变浅、晶状体增厚等表现。结论超声生物显微镜在屈光间质混浊的眼表重度烧伤中有极好的应用价值,尤其是结合无缝线的羊膜覆盖术,在更换羊膜的同时行超声生物显微镜检查能显示常规眼科检查所不能提示的病变,可为重度眼表烧伤早期的诊断、治疗与预后提供更确切的指导。     

AGREEMENT BETWEEN A-MODE AND B-MODE ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE MEASUREMENT OF OCULAR DISTANCES

It is generally accepted that A-mode ultrasonography is more accurate than B-mode in measuring intraocular dimensions. Consequently, A-mode ultrasonography is the procedure of choice in ocular biometry while B-mode ultrasonography is used principally for diagnostic purposes. In this study, we investigated the agreement between measurement of intraocular distances using A- and B-mode ultrasonography on freshly enucleated camel eyes. Our results suggest that relative to average A-mode values, B-mode overestimates corneal thickness (bias = 0.06 mm) and anterior chamber depth (bias = 0.03 mm), while it underestimates lens thickness (bias = -0.11 mm), vitreous chamber depth (bias = -0.32 mm) and axial length (bias = -0.40 mm). In general, difference between A- and B-mode values is larger for deeper intraocular dimensions. This implies that the two methods are more likely to give different readings for measurements of lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth and axial length.     

Errors in ocular index measurements in European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.)

Abstract –  Knowledge of maturation state of eels ( Anguilla anguilla , L.) based on ocular index (OI) serves management and research functions, such as estimating how much silver eel actually could escape from a particular basin or determining more precisely the developmental biology of a particular eels. OI implies the measurements of five variables (total length and eyes diameters) in a formula which can be sensitive to measurement error. To investigate this issue, we carried out a comparative study using 13 European eels harvested in Camargue (Rhône Delta, France) and three replicated measurements by three different observers. The estimated amplitude of OI imprecision at a 95% confidence level was 1.8 whatever eel and observer. Such error may lead to classification problems particularly when OI values are close to the threshold values used to discriminate between yellow and silver stages. This study not only raised the problem of the OI imprecision but also brought up the need to develop standardised protocol for identifying silver eels. To reach this goal, two different ways are proposed in conclusion.     

The influence of aging and low zinc nutrition on the choroid in the pig: I. The melanocyte

The effects of low zinc nutrition and aging on central choroidal melanocytes were examined in the pig. Three populations of pigs (young, pregnant and aged), were maintained on either control (C) or low zinc (LZ) diets. Twenty-five weanling boars were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12-month intervals, and nine pregnant sows and eight aged sows were sacrificed after a 6-month interval. Melanocytes of the central choroid were morphologically and morphometrically examined. The melanocyte was found to be conservative in its form, which was mostly elliptical longitudinal profile, throughout the different age populations that were fed the C diet. Morphometric observations revealed that this cell type increased in size in the oldest animals, having been 40% greater than that in the younger two populations. However, the overall percentage area occupied by melanocytes remained the same throughout all age groups. In the animals that were fed the LZ diets, a large subpopulation of choroidal melanocytes was oval to round in shape in the pregnant and aged groups. Many members of this subpopulation possessed less opaque pigment than the elliptically shaped cell. Measurements of the size and percentage area occupied in these oldest groups increased significantly. In addition to the change of size, shape and melanin opaqueness, unusually large melanosomes were consistently observed in the pregnant and aged LZ groups. Low zinc nutrition had a remarkable age-related impact on the usually quiescent melanocyte.     

Bilateral eyelid agenesis repair in a captive Texas cougar

Bilateral eyelid agenesis was presented with multiple ocular anomalies in a captive Texas cougar (Felis concolor). Corneal exposure resulted in substantial keratoconjunctivitis and blepharospasm. Bilateral inferopapillary fundic colobomas, persistent pupillary membranes, and an atypical iris coloboma OD were present. Surgical repair with a rotational pedicle flap resulted in functionally effective eyelids. Trichiasis was later treated with cryotherapy. Eyelid agenesis is reported infrequently in domestic cats and among large felids has only been reported in the snow leopard.     

Ocular involvement of transmissible venereal tumor in a dog

A case of metastatic transmissible venereal tumor (TVT), with lesions on the penis, conjunctiva, buccal mucosa and skin (lips and trunk), is presented in this case report. The clinical picture is described along with the cytological and histopathological features of the tumor leading to definitive diagnosis of TVT. Possible reasons for the unusual metastatic behavior of TVT and full recovery of the dog after chemotherapy are discussed.     

Ocular penetration of intravenously administered enrofloxacin in the horse

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Information on antibiotic concentrations in the equine eye following systemic therapy is limited. Reports that Leptospira spp. are frequently present in the eyes of horses with recurrent uveitis, emphasises a need for studies on ocular concentrations of specific antibiotics. HYPOTHESES: 1) Enrofloxacin, administered i.v. at 7.5 mg/kg bwt q. 24 h, results in aqueous humour concentrations greater than the reported minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Leptospira pomona. 2) Aqueous humour paracentesis sufficiently disrupts the blood-aqueous humour barrier (BAB) to cause an increase in aqueous humour protein and enrofloxacin concentrations. METHODS: Aqueous humour enrofloxacin and total protein concentrations were determined in 6 healthy, mature horses after i.v. administration of enrofloxacin. Paracentesis was performed on the left eye on Days 3 and 4, 1 h following enrofloxacin administration, to determine enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy eyes and in eyes with mechanical disruption of the BAB. Paracentesis was also performed on the right eye 23 h after enrofloxacin administration. Blood samples were collected from the horses at identical times to determine enrofloxacin aqueous humour:plasma ratios. RESULTS: Mean +/- s.d. enrofloxacin concentration in the aqueous humour 1 h post administration on Day 3 was 0.32 +/- 0.10 mg/l (range 0.18-0.47); and aqueous humour enrofloxacin, total protein and aqueous humour:plasma enrofloxacin ratios were higher on Day 4 than Day 3. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Following disruption of the BAB, enrofloxacin concentrations were above the reported MIC for Leptospira pomona.