渠灌区灌溉管理信息化发展模式探讨

探讨了我国渠灌区灌溉管理信息化的发展模式,阐述了灌区进行灌溉管理信息化建设的意义和必要性,构想了灌区灌溉信息网络系统的建网模式和基本框架。     

京密引水渠坡面植被地锦的促生长试验研究

京密引水渠担负着输送北京城市饮用水的重任,是连接北京市地表水源-密云、怀柔水库与市区的一条城市生命线。为了保证京密引水渠正常运行,防护林的更新改造是关键问题。本次试验重点放在坡面地锦的促生长研究。通过试验找到引水渠坡面上影响地锦生长的制约因素及合理的管护措施。试验结果表明:影响地锦生长的主要因素是土壤水分,其次是土壤肥力。     

季节冻土区刚柔混合衬砌梯形渠道冻胀机理试验

输水渠道冻胀破坏是寒冷地区渠道破坏的主要表现。为了探明刚柔混合衬砌渠道的冻胀机理,分析复合衬砌渠道的冻胀变形规律和冻胀过程中的水分变化规律,以及柔性复合土工膜的变形特征,该研究借助季节冻融条件下刚柔混合衬砌梯形渠道的原型观测成果,分析了刚柔混合衬砌渠道的最低地温变化规律、冻深变化规律和冻胀量与冻胀力的变化规律,重点研究了冻融条件下渠基土壤的水分迁移规律,以及复合土工膜的变形特征和强度变化。结果显示:刚柔混合衬砌渠道的冻胀变形最大值位于渠底和阴坡1/3处,最大冻胀量为11.2和13.1 cm,衬砌结构向上隆起。冻结期,渠基土壤0~60 cm深度范围内含水率随深度增加而增大,60~120 cm深度范围内的含水率随深度增大而逐渐减小。水分迁移最大值发生在渠道底部,迁移率为13.2%。经过一个冻融周期的循环,复合土工膜的强度和变形量仍然保持在90%以上,强度和变形损失值较小,可充分发挥复合土工膜防渗抗冻胀和适应变形的特性。该研究为刚柔混合衬砌渠道的设计、推广应用提供了理论依据。     

混凝土防渗渠道冬季输水运行中冻胀与抗冻胀力验算

为了明确渠道冬季输水时防渗衬砌层结构的抵抗渠床基土冻胀破坏作用的能力,该文理论分析了大气负温下,介入刚性防渗面层对渠基土冻胀的约束,得到作用于坡板上冻胀力的作用形式为法向冻胀力和指向坡顶的切向冻胀力,对被视为底端简支、板内无接缝、受冻胀作用的构件受力进行理论分析,得到冬季输水渠道边坡板的冻胀问题属于非垂直非全周的冻拔问题的结果,并进一步根据力学基本原理研究了刚性面层(衬砌层)承受荷载力的求解方法。依据桩的抗冻拔验算和拉弯构件的强度验算可实现冬季输水渠道抗冻胀力的计算,建立了适用于防渗渠道刚性衬砌结构设计的方法,为冬季输水梯形混凝土防渗抗冻胀渠道衬砌层厚度的准确确定提供了计算方法。     

郑州市东风渠滨水景观分析与评价

选取郑州市东风渠作为调查对象,通过实地调查,从生态要素、社会要素和景观要素等3方面对其滨水景观进行分析,提出东风渠滨水景观的优点与不足,将东风渠滨水景观按照景观节点分为25个景观段进行评价。以POE理论为前提通过AHP层次分析法和模糊数学理论进行分析,制定出一套针对东风渠滨水景观的评价体系,在加强景观节点的设计构思、提高创新性和形式美感、提高景观质量等方面对东风渠滨水景观建设提出建议。     

蒙古绵羊胚胎胚中轴的形成

蒙古绵羊胚胎胚中轴的形成,对各器官系统的发生起着定向发育的作用。原条最初发生于交配后12天23时47分。从胚盘后结开始外胚层表面的中线加厚並向前延伸形成原条。随后,原结、原沟、原窝、头突及神经板相继出现。原条是胚中轴发生的基础。交配后13时5分,原窝底部的头突向前延伸形成管索管。交配后14天15时,脊索在内外胚层间形成空心的脊索管。脊索管的底部与内胚层融合。进而消失开口于卵黄囊,形成临时性的神经肠管。脊索是胚胎椎柱形成的中轴。胚胎的第1对体节,发生于交配后15天3时20分。交配后15天15时35分为3对体节(图1),交配后16天14时3分,已出现6对体节(图2)。此时,体节两侧的间中胚层及侧扳分界清楚。胚内体腔仅见于前肠两侧。体节的发生是胚胎的骨骼、肌肉、及尿殖系统等对称发育的基础。早期的神经扳,大约发生于交配后14天2时20分。当胎胚发育到16天14时3分,神经沟两侧的神经皱逐渐在背中线吻合,形成神经管。神经管是胚体未来中抠神经系统的原基。交配后14天5时至16天14时5分,绒毛膜呈长囊状,长约35cm。卵黄管呈细长的管状,长约30cm。羊膜随胚体发育,比胚体稍宽大。尿囊呈半月形囊,发生于胚胎的后肠。     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯蒙西工业园区供水工程防洪评价

根据项目的实际情况,经现场查看对内蒙古鄂尔多斯蒙西工业园区供水工程多角度分析研究,得出综合评价结论.     

Ultrasound‐guided ‘two‐in‐one’ femoral and obturator nerve block in the dog: an anatomical study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the dye extent and distribution at the lumbar plexus (LP) of three volumes of local anaesthetic-methylene-blue solution administered close to the femoral nerve (FN) by the use of a ventral ultrasound (US)-guided suprainguinal approach (SIA).Study designProspective experimental trial.AnimalsTwenty mongrel canine cadavers weighing 17.7 ± 3.8 kg (mean ± SD).MethodsThe left and right LP of two cadavers were dissected to identify the FN, obturator nerve (ON) and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). The extent and distribution of dye at the LP of each of three volumes of injectate of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mL kg^?1 administered close to the FN by a ventral US-guided SIA then were studied in a further 18 dog cadavers (n = 6 per group). Staining of ≥2 cm along the target nerves was indicative of sufficient spread to produce a nerve block.ResultsThe ventral US-guided SIA allowed the observation of the FN within the iliopsoas muscle (IPM) in a total of 17 cadavers. The assessment of the dye extent and distribution revealed a similar pattern regardless of the injected volume. From the injection site, the spreading of injectate occurred in cranial, lateral and caudal directions. The FN and ON were effectively stained in all the cases. The LFCN was not effectively stained in any case.Conclusions and clinical relevanceA volume of 0.2 mL kg^?1 administered close to the FN by a ventral US-guided SIA produced a sufficient distribution of the injectate within the IPM to produce effective staining of the FN and ON. This US-guided technique may be an appropriate alternative to previously reported techniques based on electrolocation to block the FN and ON in the dog.     

泾河来水来沙对渠首电站运行的影响

针对泾河河流含沙量高,电站运行工况复杂的实际情况,通过分析泾河干流(电站取水口)1994—2009年水文数据,研究了泾河来水来沙变化特点及对电站运行的影响。结果表明,在强烈的区域水土保持措施的作用下,泾河近16a来年径流量和输沙量均呈明显下降趋势;河道来水来沙年内分布极不均匀,汛期来水来沙分别占全年来水来沙量的64.6%和92.6%,尽管来沙量减少但汛期河水含沙量仍然很高。针对泾河来水来沙变化特点,进一步探讨了泾河来水来沙对电站运行的影响,并初步给出了高含沙条件下几种保证电站正常运行的对策。     

Note on the Taxonomy of Genetta

The recruitment patterns of six teleosts were studied at King’s Beach, Algoa Bay. February to May marked the major recruitment period for Diplodus sargus, Lithognathus mormyrus, Rhabdosargus globiceps and Trachurus capensis. The major recruitment of Sarpa salpa fry took place between August and September. Pomadasys olivaceum fry of < 5 cm total length were caught throughout the year indicating an extended breeding period. The estimated growth rates of new recruits between February and May (autumn/winter) was 0,60 cm month ^-1 for L. mormyrus, 0,75 cm month^-1 for ft globiceps and 0,40 cm month^-1 for T. capensis. The empirical growth curve derived for S. salpa indicated a growth rate of 0,75 cm month^-1. No growth estimates could be made for P. olivaceum or D. sargus.