影响尼龙袋法测定牧草消失率因素的分析

对影响瘤胃瘘管－尼龙袋法测定牧草干物质消失率的因素进行了对比试验。结果表明：瘤胃瘘管的安装以两步法比一步法好。尼龙袋在瘤胃中的停留时间以２４ｈ。尼龙袋中的样品量对消失率影响不大。尼龙袋在瘤胃内容物中的深度对消失率无明显影响，供试动物间存在着差异。     

Entropion correction by fornix-based suture placement: use of the Quickert-Rathbun technique in ten dogs

The objective of this study was to evaluate fornix-based suture placement as a method for entropion correction in the dog. Lower eyelid entropion with resultant trichiasis was corrected in 10 dogs using fornix-based suture placement similar to that employed in the Quickert-Rathbun technique used in man. A double-ended suture was placed originating at the deepest extent of the fornix and exiting the lid 1-2 mm from the eyelid margin. Degree of correction was assessed visually immediately after surgery and at re-examination with a follow-up period of up to 6 months. Fornix-based suture placement led to immediate eversion of the eyelid in each case and thus amelioration of the trichiasis in all dogs. In two cases eyelid eversion initially appeared over-corrected and in two cases exposure of conjunctival tissue was evident initially at the palpebral margin. In all cases, however, such complications were transient with long-term results giving an acceptable apposition between ocular surface and eyelid margin in all adult dogs. In three juvenile dogs on which the technique was used, further surgical treatment was required as the puppies grew. Fornix-based suture placement is a novel approach to entropion correction in the dog which yields acceptable results in the majority of suitable cases without recourse to incisional surgery.     

Intranictitans tacking for replacement of prolapsed gland of the third eyelid in dogs

Objective  To evaluate a new procedure for fixation of prolapsed nictitans glands to the cartilage of the nictitans that will not interfere with the mobility of the nictitating membrane.
Methods  A prospective clinical trial utilizing a nonabsorbable suture to anchor the prolapsed gland to the cartilage of the third eyelid was undertaken. Fifteen eyes of 10 dogs were included in the study. A 4-0 nylon suture was passed from the anterior surface of the third eyelid through the base of the cartilage to the posterior aspect and then tunneled circumferentially beneath the conjunctiva over and around the prolapsed gland. The suture was then passed through the cartilage again to the anterior face of the third eyelid. The gland was replaced into its normal position as the suture was slowly tightened and then tied on the anterior aspect of the nictitans.
Results  Over a period of several weeks, the glands reduced in size and took on a normal appearance. All glands but one remained in place for the length of follow-up, which ranged from 2 weeks to 33 months.
Conclusions  This procedure results in acceptable cosmetic effects with the return of the gland to its normal position posterior to the nictitating membrane. The advantage of this technique over traditional tacking to the orbital rim is that the third eyelid retains its normal mobility and, thus, its protective functions. The procedure once mastered is very quick and can be performed in less time than many of the traditional replacement techniques.     

Collateral ligament reconstruction in two horses following traumatic avulsion fracture using a knotless suture anchor construct

This case report describes a technique for repair of medial collateral ligament avulsions in two horses. Both horses sustained traumatic injuries resulting in avulsion fractures at the origin of their medial tarsal and carpal collateral ligaments. This report describes the use of a knotless suture anchor to mechanically reconstruct medial collateral ligament avulsion injuries in two horses. The first horse, a 9‐year‐old Hannovarian Warmblood gelding presented for an acute nonweightbearing lameness in the right hindlimb. The injury was localised to the medial malleolus of the tibia and an avulsion fracture of the origin of the short medial collateral ligament of the tibiotarsal joint with disruption of the ligament was found on radiographs and ultrasound. The horse was taken to surgery and a reconstruction of the short medial collateral ligament was performed with a modified single row construct using a biocompatible, multistrand, long chain ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene braided composite suture tape (2 mm Fibertape) and a single knotless suture anchor (5.5 × 19.1 mm PEEK SwivelLock C). The second horse, a 5‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding presented for an acute nonweightbearing lameness in the left forelimb. The injury was localised to the medial styloid process of the radius and an avulsion fracture of the origin of the medial collateral ligament of the antebrachial carpal joint was found on radiographs and ultrasound. The horse was taken to surgery and a similar reconstruction procedure was performed to the collateral ligament. Both horses were recovered in a Robert Jones bandage without the use of casts or splints and recovered without incident. Both horses are sound and returned to previous level of athletic performance at 18 months and 8 months, respectively.     

饲粮中添加沙棘果渣对体外瘤胃发酵参数和营养物质有效降解率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加沙棘果渣(SBP)对体外瘤胃发酵参数和营养物质有效降解率的影响。试验选用6只健康、1.5岁左右、体重30～45 kg、安装瘤胃瘘管的杜×寒杂交F1肉羊羯羊。试验采用体外产气法和尼龙袋法对添加不同水平SBP[0(对照组)、8%(8SBP组)、16%(16SBP组)、24%(24SBP组)]的全混合日粮72 h产气量、瘤胃液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、微生物蛋白(MCP)浓度以及营养物质有效降解率进行测定。结果表明:1)16SBP和24SBP组的72 h产气量和潜在产气量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05),SBP的添加对产气速率没有产生显著的影响(P>0.05)。2)发酵液pH随着SBP添加水平的提高而降低,24SBP组pH最低,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,各试验组发酵液NH3-N和M CP浓度都有上升的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);甲烷(CH4)和二氧化碳(CO2)产量也有所变化,但没有产生显著差异(P>0.05);试验组乙酸和总VFA浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,16SBP和24SBP组干物质(DM)、酸性洗涤纤维(NDF)有效降解率显著提高(P <0.05),8SBP和16SBP组粗蛋白质(CP)有效降解率显著提高(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加SBP改善了体外发酵并且提高了营养物质的降解率,但饲粮中最适SBP添加水平还需要进一步通过试验确定。     

高寒牧区天然草地牧草干物质的瘤胃降解率动态变化

选用5只安装有瘤胃瘘管,体重和体质相近,健康无病的德国美利奴×小尾寒羊为试验羊只,采用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定2010~2012年不同月玛曲高寒草地天然牧草瘤胃降解率动态变化,结果表明,天然牧草在瘤胃中降解48h后其干物质瘤胃降解率趋于平缓。牧草瘤胃干物质降解率随生育期的推移先升高后降低,在6、7月出现了峰值,2010年7月,2011和2012年6月分别达到67.05%,60.9%和71.56%。此时牧草营养价值较高,完全可以满足家畜对营养素的需求,8、9月逐渐下降;不同年份相同草地牧草干物质降解率也不同。     

一种肌腱缝合线的生物相容性

为研究一种新型可吸收肌腱缝合线的生物相容性,在细胞毒性试验的基础上,进行了全身急性毒性、溶血、热原、皮肤刺激等试验,并对试验数据进行分析和评估,结果显示,肌腱缝合线的急性毒性、溶血、热原、皮肤刺激试验均为阴性,从而说明了这种缝合线的生物相容性好,是理想的生物医用材料。     

Fixation of chronic suture exostosis in a mature horse

This case report describes the clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of a 14‐year‐old Warmblood gelding with suture exostosis. The horse was referred to our clinic because of bilateral swelling in the region of the frontal and nasal bone junction and bilateral epiphora. Epiphora was the main concern for the owner and the reason for further investigation and treatment. Radiographic examination showed extensive bone proliferation on the dorsal frontal and nasal bones. Computed tomographic (CT) images further characterised the periosteal proliferation as new bone formation and localised it along the frontonasal and frontolacrimal suture lines. Computed tomographic images also showed pathological changes of both lacrimal ducts. A chronic fracture was suspected to be the cause of the periosteal proliferation, and surgical treatment using 2 small 2.4 Unilock plates was chosen to stabilise the suture between the frontal and nasal bones. The swelling decreased and the epiphora resolved by 6 months post operatively. A CT examination 2 years later showed complete healing.     

体外产气法与尼龙袋法评定青海当地燕麦青干草营养价值

试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的4岁1/2野血大通牦牛作为试验动物,同时运用尼龙袋法和体外产气法评定青海当地燕麦青干草营养价值。结果表明,燕麦青干草中粗蛋白质含量为7.17%,粗脂肪含量为2.23%,中性洗涤纤维含量为54.86%,酸性洗涤纤维含量为29.15%;72 h干物质降解率产气法测定值为87%,尼龙袋法测定值为80.56%;估测得出燕麦青干草有机物质消化率89.30%,代谢能为13.99(MJ/kg DM)。用尼龙袋法测定的燕麦青干草的干物质降解率在4、6、8 h均略高于体外产气法测定值, 12、24、36、48、72 h测定的干物质降解率均略低于产气法测定值,但差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。对2种方法测定值作相关性分析,得出r＝0.98,表明这2种方法所测定出来的数据正相关。     

几种处理对柠条养分的影响及其在瘤胃内的降解

用3头瘘管羊,以尼龙袋法(in situ)测定黄贮柠条Caragana microphylla、氨化柠条、生化处理柠条等在瘤胃发酵6,12,24,36,48和72 h后粗蛋白(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)的降解率。结果表明,与对照组相比,处理柠条CP含量都上升(P<0.05),其中氨化柠条粗蛋白上升最高,NDF、ADF和ADL含量却都有所下降;柠条以尼龙袋法在瘤胃内降解48 h后,氨化处理柠条各营养物质降解效果都表现出最好,CP降解率为56.62%,NDF降解率为47.03%,ADF降解率为37.08%,NDL降解率为35.58%,与其它各组相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。