雉鸡与星布罗肉鸡肌肉营养成分和组织学比较研究

雉鸡胸肌、腿肌中蛋白质含量高于星布罗肉鸡,而脂肪含量则低于星布罗肉鸡.雉鸡总氨基酸、必需脂肪酸、必需氨基酸及不饱和脂肪酸含量,以及Ca、P、Mg、Fe、Cu、Se含量均较星布罗肉鸡高.光镜下观察,雉鸡胸肌、腿肌的肌纤维排列紧密,而星布罗肉鸡的肌纤维间距较大.电镜下观察,雉鸡胸肌、腿肌的肌纤维间有大量脂肪组织和少量结缔组织,胸肌内线粒体数量大于腿肌;星布罗肉鸡胸肌、腿肌的肌纤维间含大量结缔组织和少量脂肪组织,腿肌内线粒体数量大于胸肌.     

3种笛鲷的含肉率、肥满度、比肝重和肌肉营养成分的分析

对千年笛鲷Lutjanus sebae、红鳍笛鲷L.erythopterus和紫红笛鲷L.argentimaculatus及不同生长阶段千年笛鲷的含肉率、肥满度、比肝重及其肌肉生化成分进行了分析,结果表明,3种笛鲷的含肉率差异极显著,肥满度、比肝重和肌肉营养成分的差异较小,而对于不同生长阶段的千年笛鲷而言,其差异明显。肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和水分含量的大小顺序均为红鳍笛鲷>紫红笛鲷>千年笛鲷。不同生长阶段的千年笛鲷,随着鱼体的生长,其含肉率增加,肥满度和比肝重降低;粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量增加,水分和灰分含量减少。     

大鳍鱯的消化能力与营养价值

采用常规方法测定了大鳍鳠(Mystusmacropterus)的消化道指数,其比肠长、比胃重、比肠重、比肝胰脏重和比内脏重分别为0.531±0.006、0.014±0.006、0.017±0.003、0.0084±0.0029和0.070±0.011。体重与体长的回归方程Y=0.1238X2.8388(r=0.9949,P<0.01);大鳍鳠的胃、前肠、中肠和后肠中消化液的pH值分别为:3.0～3.8、6.6～7.4、7.2～8.2、7.2～7.9,且消化道各部分具有较高的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性,蛋白酶的活性为中肠>前肠>肝胰脏>后肠>胃;而淀粉酶的活性则为前肠>后肠>中肠>肝胰脏>胃;全鱼和肌肉中粗蛋白的含量分别为62.09±3.8%和68.28±4.6,粗脂肪含量分别为15.33±1.7和21.87±2.9;肌肉中必需氨基酸的含量占氨基酸总量的40.76%,鲜味氨基酸的含量为总氨基酸量的29.70%。综合肌肉的常规营养成分和氨基酸分析的结果,表明大鳍鳠是一种营养价值较高的优质鱼类。     

Sward characteristics,nutritive value and choice by cattle of conterminous monocultures of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)

In south‐western Japan, centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides; CG) offers a novel option for a warm‐season perennial for grazing use in areas where bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; BG) can be grown. However, the potential of CG as a forage has not been fully explored because of the short history as a forage crop. We conducted four experiments to evaluate CG (cv. TifBlair) in comparison with BG (cv. Pensacola) in terms of sward characteristics, nutritive value and choice by animals. In each experiment, four Japanese Black cows (Bos taurus) were individually allowed to graze conterminous monocultures of CG and BG (5 × 10 m each) for 30 min. Irrespective of regrowth durations and fertilizer rates, CG was consistently shorter, leafier and denser, contained lower acid detergent fiber and cellulose, and was preferred or equally selected by cows, as compared with BG. Furthermore, CG maintained sufficient levels of crude protein (80–89 g/kg DM) to ensure voluntary intake of ruminant animals under extended regrowth^? and without fertilizer, whereas BG failed to do so (65 g/kg DM). CG provided higher digestible dry matter than BG when crude protein concentration exceeded 86 g/kg DM. The results indicate advantages of CG as a forage.     

Influences of Northern Leaf Blight on corn silage fermentation quality,nutritive value and feed intake by sheep

This study examined the differences between non‐inoculated (control) corn and Northern Leaf Blight (NLB)‐damaged corn (inoculated corn); dry matter (DM) yield, silage fermentation quality, nutritive value and feed intake by sheep were compared. Leaf, stem and grain dry weights and gross yield of inoculated corn were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased compared with control corn. The contents of water‐soluble carbohydrate and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) were decreased in inoculated corn compared with control corn. Silage made from both inoculated and control corn showed good fermentation quality. The digestibility of DM, organic matter, ether extract, NFE, and energy of silage made from inoculated corn were significantly (P < 0.05) lower, and contents of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible energy (DE) were also significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with silage made from the control corn. DM intake showed no significant discrepancy between the two types of silage. TDN and DE intakes from inoculated silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with control silage. From the above results it was shown that NLB caused a decrease in DM yield and NFE content in corn and a decrease in the nutritive value and feed intake of silage.     

溢多酶对产蛋鸡日粮潜在营养价值的研究

对60只270日龄罗曼褐蛋鸡进行两期代谢试验.每期将所有参试鸡随机等分为4个处理,每处理5重复,每重复3只.试验日粮为在相同的豆粕型或杂粕型基础日粮中分别添加0、120、150和180 g/t溢多利浓缩微丸酶,分别形成A、B、C、D 4组.结果表明:纯豆粕型日粮中,蛋白质和能量表观代谢率各组间差异不显著,但处理组比对照组都有改善的趋势(P＞0.05),但在统计意义上,不能计算其潜在营养价值.杂粕型日粮中,添加酶150和180 g/t两组的蛋白质和能量表观代谢率都显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),其它各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).杂粕型日粮中添加150 g/t酶制剂的潜在营养价值:1kg溢多利浓缩微丸酶相当于39.58 kg表观可消化粗蛋白和2.22 Mj/kg表观可代谢能.     

玫瑰花作为食物原料的研究与应用

介绍了玫瑰花的风味成分、营养价值以及与其相关的各种功能性饮料。玫瑰花作为一种具有保健功能的花卉,有很大的食用价值,可以广泛应用于与其相关的各种保健食品的制作。重点介绍了玫瑰花作为食物原料在保健饮料方面的应用。     

天冬氨酸消旋化程度评价鱼粉蛋白质鲜度的可行性探究

鱼粉是水产饲料的主要蛋白来源,在其加工过程中(尤其是酸、碱和/或热处理条件),蛋白质中的L-氨基酸很容易发生构型异构而消旋转化为D-氨基酸。多种D-氨基酸对动物营养不利或有毒,易损害细胞功能或降低动物生长性能,危害水产养殖动物的生长和健康。天冬氨酸是所有氨基酸中对热处理或强碱处理引起消旋化作用最敏感的氨基酸,所以测定鱼粉蛋白质中D-天冬氨酸的含量,可作为鱼粉中蛋白质营养价值的有效评价指标。本文主要介绍了常规鱼粉鲜度评价指标及其存在的问题,阐述了天冬氨酸作为鱼粉蛋白质鲜度评价的方法,同时总结了D-天冬氨酸含量与鱼粉营养价值的关系,以说明了天冬氨酸消旋化程度评价鱼粉蛋白鲜度的可行性。     

山西白羊草灌丛草地牧草产量动态研究

对山西白羊草灌丛草地牧草产量动态进行了研究，经３年的定位研究其结果表明，白羊草灌丛草地牧草产量的季节动态规律较稳定，各年度动态曲线均呈单峰型，高峰值出现在８月份，峰期后牧草产量下降较缓慢。牧草营养物质的变化，生长前期粗蛋白质含量高随生育期进展而逐渐减少，粗纤维含量则相反，粗蛋白质产量高峰期在８月，这与干草产量的峰值正好吻合，此时正是该类草地利用的最佳时期。     

微生物发酵及菜粕混合发酵对甘蔗尾叶营养价值的影响

为了有效合理地开发甘蔗尾叶在饲料行业中的应用价值,并在生产中推广应用。本试验以新鲜的甘蔗尾叶和菜粕为原料,进行微生物发酵及菜粕混合发酵对甘蔗尾叶营养价值的影响研究。试验分 6个组：对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验IV组、试验V组,每组设 3 个重复。40d 后测定各组青贮常规营养成分含量和现场感官评定。结果表明：（1）试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、IV、V粗蛋白均高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较对照组分别提高75.04%、153.95%,试验Ⅲ组较试验1组提高95.70%,试验IV组较试验Ⅱ组提高78.65%,试验IV组较试验Ⅲ组提高33.94%。（2）粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维Ⅲ组较对照组分别降低12.97%,11.66%,11.49%。（3）生物制剂组的pH 值在3.85-3.97,自然发酵组pH 值在3.95-4.12。（4）添加发酵菌剂和不同梯度的菜粕,都不同程度的提高甘蔗尾叶的 CP,降低甘蔗尾叶的 CF。其中以试验Ⅲ组效果最好,甘蔗尾叶发酵后粗蛋白提高了153.95%,粗纤维降低了12.97%。