14份燕麦种质在肃南皇城镇的生产性能比较

对14份燕麦(Avena sativa)种质株高、产草量、营养、种子产量、千粒重、发芽率等方面进行评比研究,以期筛选出适宜在甘肃省肃南县皇城地区种植的燕麦种质。结果表明,青永久479号植株高度最高,达到151.3 cm;青永久474号最矮,为128.4 cm。青永久12号分蘖最多,为2.0;其余燕麦种质的分蘖都低于2.0。叶茎比变化在1.79~2.46,青永久195号叶茎比最高(2.46),陇燕2号最低(1.79)。陇燕2号干草产量最高,为11.11 t·hm~(-2);巴燕3号最少,为7.71t·hm~(-2)。青永久416号干草粗蛋白含量最高,为8.2%;青永久195号的最低,为6.3%。青永久97号干草酸性洗涤纤维含量最高,为47.4%;加燕2号的最低,为37.4%。中性洗涤纤维含量最低的是青永久233号,为59.5%;陇燕2号最高,为66.7%。巴燕3号、青海444、青永久93、青永久474和甘南燕麦种质能够成熟,适宜籽实农业生产,其中种质甘南的千粒重、发芽率以及种子产量表现最好。综合结果表明,青永久479、青永久167和青永久233适宜在肃南皇城进行营养体农业生产。     

氮肥与行距对不同生育期虉草产量与品质的调控效应

以通草1号虉草(Phalaris arundinacea cv.Tongcao No.1)为供试材料,采用行距(30、50、70cm)和施氮量(含氮量为0、46、92kg·hm~(-2))二因素裂区试验设计,研究了行距与施氮量对不同生育时期虉草营养成分含量的影响。结果表明,氮肥与行距对虉草产量和品质影响明显。随施氮量增加,各生育时期虉草产量、粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙和磷含量升高,而无氮浸出物含量下降。抽穗期虉草粗纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量随施氮量增加而降低,而成熟期和秋季再生期随施氮量增加反而升高。随着行距增加各生育时期虉草产量下降。在9个处理组合中,以行距30cm、施氮量92kg·hm~(-2)组合抽穗期和成熟期草产量最高,以行距70cm、施氮量92kg·hm~(-2)组合饲草品质最好。抽穗期是虉草刈割利用的适宜时期,种植行距30cm、施氮92kg·hm~(-2)时可获得较高的饲草产量和粗蛋白质产量。     

混贮模式对高丹草青贮发酵品质及体外产气动力学特性的影响

为了解决高丹草因水分高造成青贮发酵品质不佳的问题,通过添加不同种类干草(玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆和苜蓿干草)及干草添加量(12.5,25.0,37.5和50.0kg/t)对混贮高丹草营养价值、青贮发酵品质及体外产气动力学特性进行了研究。结果表明,单独青贮高丹草的丁酸含量较高,弗氏评分等级仅为"可",添加干草混贮可显著提高青贮高丹草的发酵品质,从添加干草的种类来看,添加小麦秸秆组青贮发酵品质最高,添加苜蓿干草组营养价值最高,苜蓿干草组的体外72h干物质消失率(IVDMD)、产气速率(c)和达到最大产气量1/2时的产气速率(AGPR)均为最高,3种干草在72h累积产气量、理论最大产气量以及产气延滞时期方面差异不显著(P0.05);从干草的添加量来看,添加25.0kg/t干草的青贮发酵品质最优,达到产气量1/2所需要时间也最长,添加50.0kg/t干草的营养价值和IVDMD最高,添加37.5kg/t干草的产气速率和AGPR最大,添加不同重量干草对混贮高丹草的72h累积产气量、理论最大产气量以及产气延滞时期无显著影响(P0.05)。综合考虑青贮发酵品质和饲料营养价值,得出最佳的混贮模式为在高丹草中添加37.5kg/t小麦秸秆,添加50.0kg/t苜蓿干草混贮高丹草的体外干物质消失率最高,添加37.5kg/t苜蓿干草组产气速率最快,添加50.0kg/t小麦秸秆组的72h累积产气量和理论最大产气量最高。     

Romina and Cristina: Two New Strawberry Cultivars with High Sensorial and Nutritional Values

ABSTRACT

The two cultivars (Romina and Cristina) recently released from the Marche Polytechnic University (Ancona, Italy) strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) breeding program, show high adaptability to non-fumigated soil. Furthermore, ‘Romina’ showed very early ripening, conic or bi-conic fruit shape, good taste with high sweetness, high firmness and shelf life, and high vitamin C and folate contents. ‘Cristina’ showed very late ripening, high productivity, large fruit of conical shape, good taste, and high vitamin C and folate contents. The European Union patents of ‘Romina’ and ‘Cristina’ have been transferred to the United States, and nursery production has begun following United States rules to determine future market interest.     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on the respiratory behavior of the branches of field-grown hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations on the nighttime respiration were examined for two sample branches of a hinoki cypress tree (Chamaecyparis obtusa) growing in the field with an open gas exchange system for a one-year period from July 1994 to June 1995. The branches were of a similar size and located at a similar position within the crown. One branch was subjected to an elevated CO₂ concentration of 800 μmol mol⁻¹ and the other was subjected to ambient air which had a CO₂ concentration of about 370 μmol mol⁻¹. Nighttime respiration rate was higher in elevated CO₂ level than in ambient CO₂ level. The relationship between nighttime respiration and the corresponding nighttime air temperature was fitted by the exponential function in every month of the year. The segregation of regression lines between the two CO₂ treatments increased gradually as the seasons progressed during the treatment period. TheQ ₁₀ values for nighttime respiration were lower in elevated CO₂ (1.9 ≤Q ₁₀ ≤ 3.7) than in ambient CO₂ (2.4 ≤Q ₁₀ ≤ 4.5) in every month of the year. TheQ ₁₀ was inversely related to the monthly mean nighttime air temperature in both elevated and ambient CO₂. The estimated daily nighttime respiration rate under both CO₂ treatments had a similar seasonal pattern, which almost synchronized with the temperature change. The respiration ratio of elevated CO₂ to ambient CO₂ increased gradually from 1.1 to 1.6 until the end of the experiment. Our results indicate that the CO₂ level and the temperature have a strong interactive effect on respiration and suggest that a potential increase in respiration of branches will occur when ambient CO₂ increases.     

脲醛树脂胶粘剂的质量控制

对影响脲醛树脂胶粘剂质量的主要因素如摩尔比、PH值、二次尿素加入点、反应温度、反应时间及原料质量等进行了分析,评价并提出最佳控制范围。     

黄土高原主要树(草)种热值试验

能源林主要是生产热能,树（草）种燃烧值的高低,是评选能源林树（草）种的重要指标。通过对黄土高原29种树（草）种燃烧值的测定表明,木本植物的燃烧值大于草本植物,这种能量差异主要是草本植物含有较多的灰分,结构物质纤维素含量较高,木本植物灰分含量较低,脂类物质相对较多。同时发现10种树种的热值随着年龄的变化多以5年生时的热值为最高,这对确定树种的平茬期,在生产上具有重要意义。     

江苏蕨类植物资源及其利用价值

对江苏省蕨类植物资源及分布、用途、利用价值进行了简要叙述,为进一步研究、挖掘和合理开发利用蕨类植物资源提供资料。     

恒压喷灌系统田间允许调压范围的研究

恒压喷灌系统田间允许调压范围是系统设计的重要参数,关系到田间灌水质量。针对恒压喷灌系统几种压力变化情况,通过试验得到了系统的压力变化规律及一些常用喷头的旋转周期、喷洒强度等随压力变化的一些基本资料,分析了压力变化对平均喷灌强度及组合均匀度的影响。结果表明,在一定压力变化范围内,系统压力的周期变化对平均喷灌强度及组合均匀度影响较小,但不同时段系统在不同压力工况下工作时,则对其影响较大。由此建立了田间喷灌强度及组合均匀度与压力变化的相互关系,给出了根据田间灌水质量要求所确定的压力变化幅度的计算式。     

论缓解我国钾源短缺问题的新对策

本文针对我国钾源短缺的国情,分析了夺取作物高产的传统对策。根据国内外植物营养遗传生理学的研究进展,提出了充分利用我国丰富的种质资源,运用现代遗传育种技术,选育和推广耐低钾优良品种是缓解我国钾源短缺问题的最好途径之一。并根据钾素生理功能的特点,提出了用钙钠等部分替代钾的可能性。