Sap flow of Castanopsis jianfengensis and its relationship with environmental factors in a tropical montane rainforest

Using thermal dissipation and the ICT-2000TE equipment made in Australia, the sap flow of Castanopsis jianfengensis and various environmental factors were measured simultaneously in a mixed tropical montane rainforest at Jianfengling Nature Forest Reserve (18°369′N, 108°52′E, 860 m elevation) during the dry and rainy seasons of 2002. The results show that sap flow velocity of C. jianfengensis exhibited a monopeak pattern on clear days and a multi-peak pattern on cloudy or rainy days. Sap flow velocity had significant positive correlations with solar radiation, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit and wind speed and a negative correlation with air relative humidity. In the dry season, sap flow velocity had a significant positive correlation with soil temperature and poor correlation with soil moisture; it was the opposite in the rainy season, indicating that precipitation clearly affected sap flow. Linear regression models between sap flow and environmental factors were established and were significant at the 0.005 level of probability. The mean transpiration rates of C. jianfengensis were 103.5 and 41.3 kg/d in our single tree and 1.94 and 0.77 mm/d in stand level in the dry and rainy season, respectively. __________ Translated from the Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(4): 742–748 [译自:应用生态学报]     

关于老龄管道的安全运行

管道老龄化是世界性问题,进入老龄期的管道能否继续安全运行,需要从管道的原始条件、维护条件及油田的产量方面进行综合考量。美国贯穿阿拉斯加管道是老龄管道继续安全运行的成功范例,借鉴其成功经验,可以促进与保证东北原油管网的安全运行。对于东北管网庆铁线交替输送中俄原油方案,认为必须对管道的原始条件和管道的应力交变问题进行仔细调查与研究,慎重决策。     

六种生物学性状对灵芝良种选育的影响

利用多元分析中的因子分析法分析了灵明、龙1号、龙2号、韩1号、韩2号、圆芝、G8、泰山灵芝、灵野1号9个不同品种灵芝的单丛个数、鲜重、盖径、盖厚、柄长、柄粗6种生物学性状。从灵芝品种的综合得分及排名表得出灵芝良种为龙2号、泰山灵芝和G8。     

水力测功器制动扭矩的影响因素

介绍了水力测功器的基本工作原理，分析了测功器中的水环圆周运动和环流运动，推导出水力测功器制动扭矩方程，总结了影响水力测功器制动扭矩的因素．     

盘江黄牛及其杂交牛育肥中干物质、粗蛋白、综合净能需要研究

将３６ 头盘江黄牛及其杂交牛分成１２ 组，采用不同的日粮，进行两期育肥试验，得到不同的增重水平和实际营养物质摄入量。用各组实际采食的干物质（ ＤＭ） 、粗蛋白（ＣＰ） 、综合净能（ＮＥｍｆ） 与我国试行的《肉牛饲养标准》进行比较。结果表明，除干物质与标准相差较多（ － ６ ．３ ％ ） 外，粗蛋白和综合净能与标准相当接近（ 仅相差－ １ ．５ ％ 和２ ．８ ％ ） ，说明盘江黄牛及其杂交牛在育肥中的营养需要基本与标准相符，在配制日粮时，可以参考我国的《肉牛饲养标准》。     

粗鞘双条杉天牛林间死亡规律的研究

研究表明在四川省泸县林场粗鞘双条杉天牛卵越冬成虫的死亡率为８２．３５％，各虫期死亡率为卵１３．３３％，初期幼虫５５．３８％，中、后期幼虫５３．９０％，蛹及越冬成虫很少死亡，致死因子包括寄主抗性、捕食性天敌昆虫、寄生性天敌昆虫、病原微生物、种内竞争共５类１３种。分析主要致死因子为杉木树脂、两色刺足茧蜂、川硬皮肿腿蜂、病原菌对粗鞘双条杉天牛种群的自然和抑制作用及防治中的应用前景和意义     

Effect of Different Dietary Nutrition Levels on Fattening Effect of Holstein Bulls

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different dietary nutrition levels on fattening effect of Holstein bulls.48 4-month-old Holstein bulls with an average body weight of 128 kg were allocated into two groups,group Ⅰ was fed a low nutrition level diet,group Ⅱ was fed a high nutrition level diet.Each group had 24 Holstein bulls.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 245 days.The results showed that compared with group Ⅰ,the ADG in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 6.36% (P<0.01),while the F/G in group Ⅱ was decreased by 6.55%.With the increasing of dietary nutrition levels,the apparent digestibility of CP,EE,NDF,ADF,Ca and P were rising,but there was no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the serum GLU,AST,ALT and GH contents in group Ⅱ were increased by 12.52%,12.85%,9.68% and 13.24% (P<0.05),respectively,while the serum BUN content in group Ⅱ was decreased by 10.98% (P<0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the feeding profits of group Ⅱ increased by 1.37 yuan/(head·day),the total economic benefit of group Ⅱ increased by 335.65 yuan/head.In conclusion,the improvement of dietary nutrition levels could improve the fattening performance and the economic benefit of Holstein bulls.     

Detection of Serotypes and Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli from Piglets in Beijing

To investigate the cause of piglets diarrhea, and the distribution of the serotype and virulence factors of swine Escherichia coli in Beijing, 400 diarrhea samples were collected. TSA serum agar culture method was used to isolate Escherichia coli, serotype identification test and virulence factor genes test were used to verify the presence of O-antigen. 64 strains of E.coli were isolated from 400 diarrhea samples, among which 42 strains of E.coli were classified as 8 serotypes:O101(18.7%),O64(12.5%),O8(10.9%),O20(10.9%),O45(4.7%),O149(4.7%),O2(1.6%) and O89(1.6%), and the major virulence factors were STa, Stx2e, astA and eaeA. There were 8 mainly serotypes that caused piglets diarrhea in Beijing area, among which O101 serotype accounted for the highest proportion. The major virulence factors were astA and eaeA, accounted for more than 50% of all strains, STa and Stx2e accounted for more than 30% of all strains. These data would provide effective data to support the prevention and control of piglet diarrhea in Beijing.     

高校图书馆新管理模式影响因子初探

通过对图书馆新管理模式影响因子的研究,分清这些影响因子有哪些,并揭示它们和新管理模式之间的内在联系,对现实工作具有积极的指导意义。     

热-应力耦合场作用下含缺陷压力管道的应力强度因子研究

含有轴向长裂纹承受超高压的厚壁压力管道,当其内外壁温度不一致时会产生热应力,从而使总的应力场发生变化,裂纹尖端的应力强度因子也将发生变化。本文用有限单元法计算了由稳态热荷载和内压力共同引起的应力强度因子,并通过选取几组不同的厚壁管道几何参数、裂纹参数和温度参数,分析了它们对应力强度因子的影响规律。总结后发现,热-应力耦合场作用下,应力强度因子随径比、裂纹深度比和温度比的增加而增加,且外壁温度高于内壁时得到的应力强度因子更大,压力管道处于更加危险的工况,工程上需要特别注意。