月桂酸单甘油酯对花鲈脂质代谢的影响

为评价月桂酸单甘油酯(Glycerolmonolaurate,GML)对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)脂质代谢的影响,文章通过基础饲料拌喂0 mg·kg?1(对照组)、1000 mg·kg?1(低剂量组)、2000 mg·kg?1(中剂量组)和4000 mg·kg?1(高剂量组)的GML,养殖均质量...     

Environmental effects of a marine fish farm of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in the NW Mediterranean Sea on water column and sediment

This study examined the effects of organic enrichment on water column, sediments and macrofauna caused by a fish farm in the Mediterranean Sea. Samples were collected on four sampling campaigns over a one‐year cycle. Significant differences were found in the water column in dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and total phosphorus concentrations between the fish farm and the control. The increase in the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate concentrations at the fish farm modified the stoichiometric ratios between nutrients, with silicate acting as limiting nutrient at the fish farm 11% more than at the control. Nevertheless, chlorophyll a concentration in the water column was higher at the control station, probably due to the fouling of the underwater fish farm structures. Significant differences were found in sediment concentrations of organic matter, total phosphorus and redox potential between the fish farm and the control. The Canonical Correlation Analysis indicated that organic matter, total phosphorus, redox potential and% of gravels accounted for 68.9% of the total variance in the species data. Changes were observed in macrofauna, with a decrease in number of species and up to a nine‐fold increase in abundance with respect to the control.     

渤海沿岸多盐水池塘限制性营养盐的研究

研究结果表明,渤海沿岸河口氯化物型的多盐水池塘普遍少氮多磷,氮、磷比(总氮/总磷)为3.785～6.733,表现不同程度的氮限制。施肥则使营养盐的限制性作用大为减弱,在施肥后期表现出不很明显的氮磷协同限制。探讨了施肥情况下多盐水水体营养盐限制作用的影响因素,认为施肥后浮游植物的种类组成、种群密度等都产生了变化,从而导致营养盐限制性作用的变化。     

运动强度对罗氏沼虾运动行为和能量代谢的影响

为查明运动过程中罗氏沼虾的行为特征及其与肌肉能量代谢的关系,实验设置了对照、低、中、高4种不同强度的游泳和弹跳实验,研究了运动后罗氏沼虾的行为、能量来源和相关代谢酶活性。游泳强度通过在特定时间内设置不同的水流速度来确定,对照、低、中、高强度的水流速度分别为0 (自由运动)、5 (200 min)、10 (200 min)和15 cm/s (游泳至疲劳)。弹跳强度通过在特定时间内设置不同触碰频率来确定,对照、低、中、高强度的触碰频率分别为0 (自由运动)、0.033 (5 min)、0.050 (5 min)和0.067 Hz (弹跳至疲劳)。结果显示,罗氏沼虾各运动组游泳足和尾肢的最大摆动频率和最大摆动幅度均显著高于对照组。各运动强度组肌肉蛋白质含量与对照组之间无显著差异,肌肉糖原含量均显著小于对照组,低强度游泳组肌肉甘油三酯含量小于对照组。中、高强度游泳组游泳足肌肉乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和乳酸含量显著高于对照组,低强度游泳组游泳足肌肉丙酮酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组。无论弹跳强度高低,罗氏沼虾腹部肌肉LDH酶活性和乳酸含量均显著高于对照组。研究表明,罗氏沼虾通过...     

Preliminary study to evaluate the effects of dietary bile acids on growth performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed plant ingredient‐based diets

A 9‐week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary bile acids (BAs) on juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) (Oreochromis niloticus) based on the evaluations of growth performance and parameters relevant to lipid metabolism. Each of five vegetable protein‐based diets containing BAs at a level of 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.45 or 1.35 g/kg diet was fed to three replicates with 40 fish (8.2 g per fish). The results showed that weight gain (WG) increased significantly with the increase in BAs from 0 to 0.15 g/kg diet and then decreased significantly at a higher BA supplementation. Dietary BAs significantly reduced the crude lipid content in the whole body, muscle and liver tissue of GIFT. Fish fed diet with 1.35 g BAs/kg diet developed serious nuclear migration and vacuolization in hepatocytes. Gall bladder appeared to contain white solid and has fragile capsules. Dietary BA supplementation had significant effects on serum biochemical indices and activities of lipid metabolism enzymes in liver and intestine. In conclusion, dietary bile acid supplementation (0.15 g/kg) can facilitate the lipid metabolism and therefore promote the growth of tilapia. However, overdosed dietary BAs induced gallstone development, disrupted lipid metabolism and depressed the growth performances of GIFT.     

源库调节对转Bt基因棉花中与抗虫性相关的棉铃氮代谢的影响

以转Bt基因抗虫棉小铃品种泗抗1号和大铃品种科棉6号为材料,于2009～2010年在扬州大学实验农牧场进行了源库调节对棉铃氮代谢影响的试验。结果表明,与对照相比,去除棉株每张叶片的一半后,体积膨大期棉铃铃重变小,氮代谢有关化合物含量和酶活性提高,且大铃品种科棉3号受影响较大;整株均匀去除一半蕾,则使得铃重变大,氮代谢有关化合物含量和酶活性下降,仍然是大铃品种受影响较大。相关分析结果表明,源库调节下体积增大期棉铃氮代谢强度与铃重基本上呈显著或极显著负相关。因此转Bt基因棉花群体源小库大或源大库小均不利于棉铃生理氮代谢与棉铃发育的协调,同样不利于产量和抗虫性的协同表达。     

Effects of different soil conservation tillage approaches on soil nutrients,water use and wheat-maize yield in rainfed dry-land regions of North China

Excessive tillage compromises soil quality by causing severe water shortages that can lead to crop failure. Reports on the effects of conservation tillage on major soil nutrients, water use efficiency and gain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in rainfed regions in the North China Plain are relatively scarce. In this work, four tillage approaches were tested from 2004 to 2012 in a randomized study performed in triplicate: one conventional tillage and three conservation tillage experiments with straw mulching (no tillage during wheat and maize seasons, subsoiling during the maize season but no tillage during the wheat season, and ridge planting during both wheat and maize seasons). Compared with conventional tillage, by 2012, eight years of conservation tillage treatments (no tillage, subsoiling and ridge planting) resulted in a significant increase in available phosphorus in topsoil (0–0.20 m), by 3.8%, 37.8% and 36.9%, respectively. Soil available potassium was also increased following conservation tillage, by 13.6%, 37.5% and 25.0%, and soil organic matter by 0.17%, 5.65% and 4.77%, while soil total nitrogen was altered by −2.33%, 4.21% and 1.74%, respectively. Meanwhile, all three conservation tillage approaches increased water use efficiency, by 19.1–28.4% (average 24.6%), 10.1–23.8% (average 15.9%) and 11.2–20.7% (average 15.7%) in wheat, maize and annual, respectively. Additionally, wheat yield was increased by 7.9–12.0% (average 10.3%), maize yield by 13.4–24.6% (average 17.4%) and rotation annual yield by 12.3–16.9% (average 14.1%). Overall, our findings demonstrate that subsoiling and ridge planting with straw mulching performed better than conventional tillage for enhancing major soil nutrients and improving grain yield and water use efficiency in rainfed regions in the North China Plain.     

三江平原地区土壤养分空间分布特征

[目的]全面、准确掌握三江平原地区土壤养分状况空间分布情况,为完善土壤养分管理制度与制定合理施肥措施提供初步的科学依据。[方法]基于网格法取样,用经典统计学和地统计学综合分析该区域土壤养分的空间变异特征。[结果]土壤养分指标的变异系数偏大,在20．17％～66．39％之间;在研究区域呈现一定的空间结构性,各养分指标的空间结构差别较大;空间自相关性明显,最佳拟合模型均为指数模型。块金值（C。）均较大,AN和AK的c。／c。＋C在25％～75％之间,其他指标的C。／Ｃ。＋Ｃ均〈25％。Kriging插值图表明,土壤养分的空间分布格局不同。[结论]从研究区域的整体养分状况来看,饶河县和宝清县交界处以及萝北县土壤养分状况较好．土壤OM、TN、rrP、AP含量均较高,而研究区域的西南部总体养分状况较差,OM、rr=N、_rK、AN、AP含量均处于较低的水平。地形条件、耕作年限是决定该区域土壤养分空间分布的关键因素。     

壳聚糖对茶树氮代谢影响

选取龙井43、浙农113两个盆栽茶树品种,研究不同浓度的壳聚糖液喷施茶树叶片,对茶树叶片内硝酸还原酶活性、全氮和可溶性蛋白含量变化的影响.结果表明:在0、50、100、150、200 mg·L-1 5种不同的壳聚糖溶液喷施浓度处理下,浓度低于150 mg·L-1时,随着喷施浓度提高,茶树叶片中全氮、可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性均呈现提高趋势,但进一步增加至200 mg·L-1时,上述3项测定指标值下降.说明壳聚糖对茶树氮代谢具有一定的调节作用.     

C-type natriuretic peptide stimulates chicken myoblast differentiation through NPRB/NPRC receptors and metabolism pathway

Skeletal muscle development is closely related with the amount of meat production and its quality in chickens. Natriuretic peptides(NPs) play an important role in myotube formation and fat oxidation of skeletal muscle in animals. The effect of C-type natriuretic peptide(CNP), an important member of the NPs, and its underlying molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle are incompletely understood. Treatment of myoblasts with CNP led to enhanced proliferation/differentiation and significantly upregul...