启动加速度对核主泵叶轮内部流动的影响

针对研究不同启动加速度对核主泵启动过渡过程中叶轮内部流动的影响,以3组不同启动加速度瞬态外特性试验性能参数为依据,获得流量与时间和转速与时间的外特性曲线,将获得外特性曲线作为边界条件,代入CFX中进行数值模拟,分析启动过程中外特性曲线及叶轮流道内流线图和压力梯度云图.结果表明:启动加速度与核主泵启动时间有直接关系,但是与流量和转速到达稳定值之间的时间差无关;启动加速度对叶轮内部流动稳定性和压力变化幅度有较大的影响,在启动过渡过程中,较大启动加速度对应叶轮内部流动极不稳定,产生一定强度和面积的旋涡区且压力变化幅度有较大波动,而较小启动加速度对应叶轮内部流动稳定,压力变化幅度均匀.该结果在启动过渡过程中对控制核主泵的不稳定性有重要的价值.     

玉米种子萌发过程内部水分流动规律的低场核磁共振检测

为研究玉米种子萌发过程中内部水分的流动规律,分析其内部生理代谢状态,该文利用低场核磁共振技术,连续60 h对3个品种玉米种子的吸胀、萌动和发芽3个阶段的萌发过程进行动态监测。分别在萌发时间为0、12、36和60 h这4个典型的萌发时刻,对处于25和31℃的2个恒温萌发环境中的玉米种子进行核磁共振横向弛豫时间信号采集,并通过反演运算得到其横向弛豫时间T_2反演谱。试验结果表明:通过横向弛豫时间可以将玉米种子内部水分划分为结合水(0.1T_210 ms)、半结合水(10T_2100 ms)及自由水(100T_21 000 ms)3种水分相态;随着萌发时间的延长,3个品种玉米种子在2个不同温度的萌发环境中,结合水均呈现先迅速增加后逐渐降低的趋势,自由水均反映为先降低后不断增加的态势,而半结合水和总体水分含量则表现为持续增加的现象;外界温度对3种相态水分含量的影响不尽相同,但提高萌发温度可以明显促进玉米种子吸水,同时提高玉米种子的发芽率。本试验快速并直接揭示了玉米种子在萌发过程中的水分分布情况,可为玉米种子萌发过程的机理研究提供重要参考。     

Genetic diversity and population history of Tanichthys albonubes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): Implications for conservation

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