龙眼体细胞胚胎高质量浓度蔗糖成熟培养后的超微结构变化

以龙眼红核子品种的松散型胚性愈伤组织诱导的体细胞胚胎为材料 ,研究了体细胞胚胎经 5 0 g· L- 1 蔗糖成熟培养后的超微结构变化 .结果表明 ,经过成熟培养之后 ,龙眼体细胞胚胎细胞在结构和代谢上都发生了根本性的变化 .该研究有助于了解龙眼体细胞成熟机理以及进一步优化龙眼体胚再生系统     

应用单拷贝核基因标记研究我国欧洲山杨自然居群的遗传多样性

[目的]对分布于我国新疆地区欧洲山杨自然居群的遗传多样性与遗传分化进行研究。[方法]对4个欧洲山杨自然居群共72个个体的6个单拷贝核基因标记(sing-copy nuclear markers)进行扩增与测序,并计算相应的遗传多样性和遗传分化参数。[结果]表明:比对后6个基因的长度在459 bp到747 bp之间,平均多态核苷酸位点个数为14,遗传多样性指数π和θ_w分别达到了0.004 8和0.004 4,基因多样性指数为0.73,以上结果表明欧洲山杨表现出较高的遗传多样性水平。Tajima中性检验结果均不显著,表明所用6个单拷贝核基因均符合中性进化假设。AMOVA分析表明89.72%的遗传变异存在于居群内,居群间的平均遗传分化指数F_st为0.10,居群间平均基因流(Nm)为3.235。[结论]高度异交,高碱基突变率及超长距离的基因流机制能够很好的解释我国新疆地区欧洲山杨表现出的较高的遗传多样性水平与较低水平的遗传分化。     

Male sterility in soybean: Occurrence,molecular basis and utilization

In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme.     

Effect of CHOP expression knock-down on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM:To study the effect of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) on the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells. METHODS:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury and healthy controls were detected by qPCR. In vitro, renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells were divided into control group, negative group (transfected with negative control siRNA), si-CHOP group (transfected with CHOP siRNA), and induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The viability of the cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of nuclear antigen Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with the healthy controls, the serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury were increased significantly (P<0.05). Transfection with CHOP siRNA significantly decreased the expression of CHOP in the renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05). Knock-down of CHOP expression by siRNA significantly increased the viability of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05), decreased the apoptotic rate (P<0.05), increased the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA (P<0.05), and down-regulated the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP were increased in the patients with acute kidney injury. Knock-down of CHOP expression inhibits the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating the expression of proliferation-and apoptosis-related proteins.     

吉林省半干旱区45年气候变化及基于Hybrid-Maize的玉米品种熟期选择

本研究分析吉林省西部半干旱地区1971~2015年气候要素变化特征,用Hybrid-Maize模型估算该区域品种熟期(GDD)不同玉米品种的产量潜力。结果表明,该区域近45年温度、降水和日照时数年均变化与玉米生长季变化趋势类似,但生长季变幅与年均值变幅差异较大,且生长季时间序列上突变点明显不同,温度和降水具有滞后性,日照时数具有超前性,其中,生长季温度增幅高于全年温度增幅,但突变时间滞后10年;长期年均降水波动性大,而生长季降水较全年呈现明显上升趋势,且2010年以来生长季均为较湿润阶段。生长季日照时数减少比年均减少趋势慢,为其下降速率的40%。以4月30日为适播期,种植密度60 000株/hm~2时,乾安、洮南、前郭推荐熟期相对较长品种(GDD=1656-1672),扶余、镇赉推荐熟期相对较短品种(GDD为1606和1500)。洮南、扶余、前郭玉米R/V值接近1.0,乾安和镇赉R/V超过1.15,利于获得较高产量。     

粗腿羊肚菌子囊孢子萌发过程及其细胞核行为

用4μg/mL 4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)对细胞核染色,采用激光共聚焦显微成像技术观察粗腿羊肚菌(Morchella crassipes)子囊孢子的萌发过程。新鲜的粗腿羊肚菌子囊孢子呈椭圆状,大小13.0~15.3μm×21.5~24.0μm,成熟子囊孢子的细胞核数量为18~32个;CYM液体培养基,23℃培养6h后子囊孢子体积逐渐膨大至初始体积的1.7~2.9倍,泡囊化现象明显;6~12h开始形成芽管,泡囊逐渐消失,出芽点在椭圆形细胞的一端形成或两端先后形成,数量不等的细胞核由子囊孢子内迁至芽管中,形成多核丝状;芽管生长至20~30μm后,在出芽点与孢子连接处形成隔膜,12~24h后,随着芽管的持续生长,形成新的隔膜和菌丝细胞,菌丝细胞多核;芽管及初生菌丝直径6~8μm,约为子囊孢子直径的1/3;24h内没有观察到初生菌丝之间发生细胞融合现象。     

不同干燥方式下黄牛肉水分分布迁移规律研究

为探索不同干燥方式对宁夏泾源黄牛肉水分分布特性及迁移规律的影响,本试验采用低场核磁共振技术(LF-NMR)结合干燥曲线,对中红外联合电加热(MICEH)、中红外(MI)、低温真空(LTV)3种干燥方式进行对比研究.结果表明,相同加热功率下泾源黄牛肉湿基含水率由72％降至20％以下所需时间分别为330、420和450 m...     

河北省小麦及玉米纹枯病菌生物学特性初步研究

对2005年采自河北省10个县（市）的130株小麦丝核菌及采自6个县（市）的21株玉米丝核菌进行了生物学测定，结果表明不同的培养基成分对病菌的生长有明显的影响，菌株在各种培养基上的生长速度为：PDA培养基〉玉米粉培养基〉水琼脂培养基。在pH值为4～9时丝核菌均能良好生长，pH值为6时生长速度最快；通过番红0．KOH染色观察发现1330株小麦分离菌株中有双核丝核菌122株，占93．85％，多核丝核菌8株。占6．15％；21株玉米分离菌株中双核丝核菌2株，占9．52％，多核丝核菌19株，占90．48％；选取典型的丝核菌菌株进行了盆栽小麦、玉米相互接种的致病性测定，结果表明，不同类型的菌株间致病力强弱存在明显差异，且丝核菌对原寄主的致病力强。     

猪体细胞核移植电融合参数的研究

试验旨在研究不同电融合参数(场强、脉冲时程)对猪核移植胚融合率及发育能力的影响。采用44～48h成熟培养的去核猪卵母细胞作为受体细胞,颗粒细胞为供体。结果表明,在20μs脉冲时程条件下,0.8kV·cm-1组融合率显著高于0.4、1.2、1.6kV·cm-1组(P0.05)。0.8、1.2kV·cm-1组卵裂率显著高于0.4、1.6kV·cm-1组(P0.05)。场强为0.8kV·cm-1条件下,20μs组融合率显著高于30、40、50μs组(P0.05)。卵裂率20、30μs组显著高于40、50μs组。根据试验数据,本试验室最佳融合电参数为:0.8kV·cm-1、20μs,1次脉冲。     

一例体细胞克隆水牛脂肪及皮肤的组织结构观察

应用光镜及HE染色等技术对体细胞克隆水牛的脂肪和皮肤组织及其细胞类型和形态进行了详细的观察,旨在为以后体细胞克隆牛的研究提供一定的理论依据,结果表明,脂肪组织外周有疏松结缔组织包裹,脂肪小叶不明显;皮肤由表皮和真皮构成,借助皮下组织与深部的肌肉相连,局部表皮有脱落,皮肤土有毛囊分布.