犬尿结石的化学成分分析研究

应用物理学特征观察、化学定性分析、X射线衍射分析等方法,分析了临床收集的1份犬肾结石样品、2份犬膀胱结石样品的化学成分,并根据结石的形成原因、机理探讨其防治方法。结果表明:肾结石样品为混合型结石,主要成分为水合磷酸氢镁、水合磷酸铁及水合磷酸钙,另外还可能含有少量水合硫酸钙;2份膀胱结石样品主要成分均为六水磷酸铵镁。对尿结石的成分分析,有助于了解结石形成机制,为尿结石的防治奠定一定基础。     

Effects of the dietary protein to energy ratio on growth,feed utilization and body composition in Macrobrachium nipponense

Oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) has been widely cultured in Asian countries. However, its nutritional studies are very limited. In the present 8‐week study, we investigated the effects of dietary protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio) on the growth, feed utilization and body composition in juvenile M. nipponense (initial weight 0.302 ±0.03 g). Two‐factor experiment was designed and nine semi‐purified diets were formulated to contain three lipid levels (20, 80 and 140 g kg^?1) and three protein levels (330, 380 and 430 g kg^?1), producing P/E ratios from 16.5 to 23.4 mg KJ^?1 protein. The results indicated that the growth, survival rate and protein efficiency were dose dependently improved by the increased dietary lipid, but not dietary protein content. Increased dietary lipid content and/or protein content increased lipid accumulation in whole body, hepatopancreas and muscle, but did not change the feed intake and hepatopancreas weight. In conclusion, our present study indicated that M. nipponense is a species with relatively high‐energy requirement. It could utilize dietary lipid content up to 140 g kg^?1, while the dietary protein with more than 330 g kg^?1 would not promote growth and protein efficiency. Taken together, 330 g kg^?1 dietary protein and 140 g kg^?1 dietary lipid level with P/E ratio 16.49 could be optimum for M. nipponense.     

乳酸菌发酵青贮对奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响

利用从优质青贮饲料中分离鉴定并筛选的2株乳酸菌进行全株玉米的青贮中试试验,玉米青贮30天即可成熟。感官评定的结果表明,乳酸菌处理组的青贮饲料品质比对照组显著提高(p<0.05)饲喂添加乳酸菌的玉米青贮饲料对奶牛的产奶量没有显著影响,但是牛乳中蛋白质和非脂乳固体的含量也显著提高(p<0.05),而对乳脂肪的含量没有影响。     

Dietary phosphorus requirement of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in freshwater

A study was conducted to estimate the optimum requirement of dietary available phosphorus for GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Six purified diets were formulated to contain graded levels (0 (control diet), 2.9, 4.8, 7.6, 9.1 and 10.9 g kg^?1 diet) of available phosphorus. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 12 fish with initial average weight (46.03 ± 2.14) g for 8 weeks. The results showed that fish fed the three lowest phosphorus diets (0, 2.9 and 4.8 g kg^?1) had significantly lower weight gain rate, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency than those fed the other diets (P < 0.05). The survival rate of fish fed the control diet was significantly lower than that of the fish fed the other diets (P < 0.05). Whole body viscerosomatic index and crude lipid content decreased significantly with increasing dietary available phosphorus levels (P < 0.05), while the contents of crude ash, calcium, phosphorus in the whole body and vertebrae showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). The blood chemistry analysis showed that dietary available phosphorus had significant effects on serum phosphorus concentration, enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone level. Quadratic curve analysis based on SGR indicated that the minimum dietary requirement of available phosphorus for maintaining optimal growth of tilapia was 8.6 g kg^?1.     

马氏珠母贝肉的营养成分及其游离氨基酸组成

对马氏珠母贝肉的营养成分及游离氨基酸组成进行了较系统的食品化学特性研究,结果表明：马氏珠母贝含粗蛋白７４．９％（干基）,蛋白质的氨基酸组成中,富含Ｇｌｕ（２．２１％）、Ａｓｐ（１．４５）、Ｇｌｙ（１．０１％）等呈味氨基酸;蛋白质营养价高,氨基酸价为８２,第一限制氨基酸是含硫氨基酸（１９７３年（ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ标准）;无机盐含量丰富,尤其是微量元素Ｚｎ和Ｓｅ;游离氨基酸中,牛磺酸含量最高达１．３８％,     

A preliminary study of dietary protein requirement of juvenile marbled flounder (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein level for juvenile marbled flounder. Five semi-purified test diets were formulated to contain different protein levels (CP) including 42.7%, 47.4%, 53.3%, 58.8%, and 64.5% (dry matter), named as CP42.7, CP47.4, CP53.3, CP58.8, and CP64.5, respectively. Five hundred and twenty-five juveniles (6.0 ± 0.1 g) were randomly distributed into 15 tanks (300 L tanks), resulting in 35 fish per tank (n = 3 tanks). Fish were fed the test diets 5 times per day until satiation. The CP58.8 resulted in the highest gain in weight and the best efficiency in feed utilization among the tested protein levels (P < 0.05). Fish fed the CP58.8 diet showed significantly higher whole-body protein and lipid contents than the fish that were fed the other diets (P < 0.05). Fish fed the CP53.3, CP58.8, and CP64.5 diets showed a significantly higher dorsal-muscle lipid content than the fish that were fed the CP42.7 and CP47.4 diets (P < 0.05). The one-slope straight broken-line regression analysis on the results of the thermal growth coefficient and feed conversion ratio indicated that the estimated optimum dietary protein level was 58.8%. Taken together, it is suggested that the dietary protein level of 58.8% is optimal for better growth and high efficiency in feed utilization for the juvenile marbled flounder.     

Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

昆虫共生菌沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)的wsp基因密码子使用模式分析

沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)主要感染昆虫等节肢动物,是一类革兰阴性共生细菌。为探讨昆虫纲共生菌Wolbachia的系统发育,研究Wolbachia基因组中进化速度较快的外膜蛋白基因wsp的密码子使用模式及影响因素,统计分析该基因的GC含量(GCall、GC1、GC2、GC3、GC3s)、有效密码子数(ENc)、相对同义密码子使用度(RSCU)等指标。结果显示:昆虫纲共生菌Wolbachia的wsp基因密码子偏好性均不强,昆虫纲不同目间共生菌Wolbachia的wsp基因碱基组成及ENc值差异较小;多数基因数据点沿标准曲线或在其附近分布,突变对碱基组成的影响较弱;18种由多个密码子编码的氨基酸中有11种氨基酸的偏好性密码子在昆虫纲7个目及对照蛛形纲1个目间均相同,有2种氨基酸的偏好性密码子在7个目间相同,这些密码子均以A/U结尾;供分析的140个wsp基因中仅编码6个半胱氨酸(Cys);对应分析中第1、第2向量轴贡献率均不高,分别为13.53%和12.49%,均与碱基组成(GC1、GC2、GC3)显著相关。综合各项分析认为,Wolbachia的wsp基因密码子偏好性不具有宿主分类特异性,密码子使用模式主要受碱基组成影响,而碱基组成主要受选择影响。     

延迟投饵对杂交鲟仔鱼生长、存活和体成分的影响

以杂交鲟(Huso huso ×Acipenser baeri )仔鱼为研究对象,将其分为 8个处理组,每组100尾(各设2个平行组),分别在孵化后6 d(对照组)、8 d、10 d、12 d、14 d、16 d和18 d开始投喂冰冻卤虫和碎水蚯蚓(以质量比1:1混合),5 d后只投喂碎水蚯蚓。第8组为饥饿组,从不投饵。水温17 ℃,实验周期30 d。结果显示,仔鱼于孵出后8日龄进入混合营养期;10日龄左右是仔鱼开始加速生长的关键时期;12日龄仔鱼进入外源性营养期。随起始投饵时间的延迟,仔鱼的全长、湿重、干重和粗蛋白含量下降,鱼体水分含量则随之升高。但对照组、8日龄及10日龄起始投喂组之间的鱼体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量并没有显著差异(P>0.05),14日龄及其以后各起始投喂组仔鱼的生长和鱼体生化成分则与上述各组存在显著差异(P相似文献   

黄条魳(Seriola aureovittata)肌肉营养组成分析与评价

为进一步认识和评价黄条(Seriola aureovittata)的营养与食用价值,本研究测定了其肌肉中的水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质等成分,并对其养殖及野生个体的肌肉营养成分组成进行了比较分析.结果显示,黄条肌肉中蛋白质含量较高,必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量丰富,完全符合FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白质标准,是一种优质蛋白供给源.根据AAS和CS分值,黄条肌肉的第一限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸,第二限制氨基酸为缬氨酸.黄条肌肉的脂肪含量高于三文鱼(Salmo salar)、金枪鱼(Thunnus thynnus)、石斑鱼(Epinephelus sp.)等,且肌肉中含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比值较高,特别是EPA+DHA的含量高,具有较优的口感鲜度和较高的营养价值.另外,黄条肌肉中含有多种机体新陈代谢所需的矿物质,经常食用可促进人体新陈代谢水平.比较发现,养殖黄条较野生黄条具有相对较高的脂肪含量和较低的水分含量,比能值(EP)分别为13.44 kJ/g和8.68 kJ/g,其他营养成分无显著差异,表明养殖与野生黄条肌肉营养价值相似.综上所述,黄条肌肉蛋白质和脂肪质量较高,口感鲜美,营养成分丰富,是一种值得大力开发养殖的海产经济鱼类.