加工工序对油茶籽油活性物质含量及理化性质的影响

对油茶籽油毛油、碱炼油、脱色油、脱臭油、精炼油的理化性质及活性物质的含量进行了分析测定,研究了碱炼、脱色、脱臭3道工序对油茶籽油的酸值、过氧化值以及甾醇、α-生育酚、角鲨烯、总酚、β-胡萝卜素含量的影响.结果表明,脱色油酸值最高,为0.67 mgKOH/g;精炼油酸值最低,为0.32 mgKOH/g.毛油过氧化值最高,...     

气相色谱-串联四极杆质谱测定餐厨废弃物中的丙烯酰胺

【目的】建立气相色谱-串联四极杆质谱（GC/MS/MS）检测餐厨废弃物中的丙烯酰胺。【方法】样品经去离子温水提取结合C18 SPE小柱净化或者经甲酸溶液提取/Carrez试剂预处理,MCX柱净化的两种前处理方法进行前处理,然后经过衍生反应,利用气相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱检测,在SRM检测模式下,以离子对m/z       152＞135和m/z 152＞107为定性离子对,m/z 152＞135为定量离子,碰撞气体能量15 V,外标法定量。【结果】该方法在3.0-30 ng•L-1浓度中呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数R2=0.9984,丙烯酰胺的检出限值为1.0 ng•g-1（S/N=3）,回收率为95.3%-108.1%,3个水平添加下的相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于4.3%。【结论】所建立的方法稳定、灵敏度高,可用于餐厨废弃物中丙烯酰胺的测定。     

面条食用品质评价方法研究

以25个中澳小麦品种(系)为材料,研究了影响面条品质评价结果的因素,以及客观性品质评价方法在面条食用品质评价中应用的可行性,并对其中存在的问题进行了分析与探讨。结果表明,面条的尺寸、评价方法、加盐与否等都会对参试小麦品种(系)面条品质评价结果的绝对值和相对排序产生重要影响。因此,在评价小麦品种(系)的面条加工适应性时,一定要注意保持各个操作步骤的一致性与标准化。用一种方法来评价不同小麦品种(系)所制面条的食用品质时,应采用的较优条件为:用细面条、不加盐、最佳煮制时间的样品准备方式,相同放置时间、相同样品评价前处理方式。当多种评价方法结合使用时,选用宽面条可以较好的保持评价结果的一致性。在用QTS-25型质构仪评价面条品质时,可用粘结性评价细面条的光滑性,用断裂力和咀嚼性评价宽面条的韧性。     

气流膨化苹果脆片加工工艺初探

通过对影响气流膨化苹果脆片产品质量的因素进行研究，初步得出影响产品质量（膨化度、复水比、脱水速率）的各因子最佳取值或范围。结论如下：切片厚度5mm，均湿处理时间3d，半成品含水量18％，操作温度85－95℃，停滞时间35min，压力罐与真空罐之间的压力差120kPa。     

高蛋白营养膨化食品研究

采用现代膨化技术,利用本地廉价植物蛋白资源,对谷物进行营养强化,试制了C_1和B_2 2种高蛋白营养膨化最优食品,其蛋白质含量分别为14.2%与15.7%,PER 值达2.36和2.17.同时还试制了A_2,B_1,A_1和C_2 4个推荐产品,其营养价值均超过了FAO/WHO 规定的标准.     

基于YOLO v5-TL的褐菇采摘视觉识别-测量-定位技术

为实现褐菇高效、精准、快速的自动化采摘,针对工厂化褐菇的种植特点,提出一种基于YOLO v5迁移学习(YOLO v5-TL)结合褐菇三维边缘信息直径动态估测法的褐菇原位识别-测量-定位一体化方法。首先,基于YOLO v5-TL算法实现复杂菌丝背景下的褐菇快速识别;再针对锚框区域褐菇图像进行图像增强、去噪、自适应二值化、形态学处理、轮廓拟合进行褐菇边缘定位,并提取边缘点和褐菇中心点的像素坐标;最后基于褐菇三维边缘信息的直径动态估测法实现褐菇尺寸的精确测量和中心点定位。试验结果表明单帧图像平均处理时间为50ms,光照强度低、中、高情况下采摘对象识别平均成功率为91.67%,其中高光强时识别率达100%,菇盖的尺寸测量平均精度为97.28%。研究表明,本文提出的YOLO v5-TL结合褐菇三维边缘信息直径动态估测法可实现工厂化种植环境下褐菇识别、测量、定位一体化,满足机器人褐菇自动化采摘需求。     

Effects of differently processed diets on growth,immunity and water quality of the sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867)

The type of formulated diet used in aquaculture systems affects the feed efficiency and water quality. In this study, the water quality, growth performance and immunity of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867), fed diets produced using four different processing methods (extruded pellet diet, cold‐bonded pellet diet, flake diet and mash diet) were quantified for 60 days to identify the optimal feed type for culturing of this species. Sea cucumbers grew faster, the feed conversion ratio was much lower, and immunity indicators were higher when fed the extruded pellet diet compared to the other diets. Sea cucumbers fed the extruded pellet diet had the highest specific growth rate (0.96), whereas A. japonicus fed the cold‐bonded pellet diet had the lowest specific growth rate (0.51). The lysozyme activity of sea cucumbers fed the extruded pellet diet was higher (57.52) than that of A. japonicus fed the cold‐bonded pellet diet (39.22), flake diet (37.32) and mash diet (32.68). When animals were fed the mash diet, the ammonia–nitrogen, nitrite–nitrogen and phosphate productions were higher than in animals fed the other diets. These results indicate that the extruded pellet diet is the optimum feed type for use in the culture of A. japonicus.     

基于多特征的田间杂草识别方法

该文阐述了通过利用植物的多种特征实现田间杂草的精准自动识别的方法。该方法先利用颜色特征分割土壤背景,然后利用位置和纹理特征识别行间和行内杂草,最后利用形态特征后处理误识别的作物和杂草。在实验室内利用实地采集的3～5叶期、不同作物行数的麦田图像对该方法进行了测试。作物和杂草的正确识别率最低为89%,最高为98%;处理时间最低为157 ms,最高为252 ms。试验结果表明：基于多特征的田间杂草识别方法具有较高的识别率和较快的识别速度。     

餐厨垃圾与园林植物废弃物混合堆肥工艺研究

[目的]研究混合原料中园林植物废弃物不同质量比对餐厨垃圾快速堆肥效果的影响.[方法]以餐厨垃圾与园林植物废弃物为原料,采用静态好氧堆肥技术.[结果]餐厨垃圾质量比为80％,堆肥效果最好,减重减容及有机质降解效果均较好,减容率为27.14％,减重率为35.13％,有机质降解率为11.54％.发酵结束后的第1组、第2组、第3组的C/N比均下降到15～20以下,而第4组略微超出此范围,前3组基本上可判定堆肥混合料已达到腐熟.堆肥过程中4组堆体温度均在第3天出现最大值,而CO2体积分数均在第4天出现最大值,相反的是氧浓度均在第4天出现最小值.[结论]该研究结果可为餐厨垃圾与绿化废弃物资源化利用提供理论依据.     

Desiccation and cracking behaviour of clay layer from slurry state under wetting-drying cycles

Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effect of wetting-drying (W-D) cycles on the initiation and evolution of cracks in clay layer. Four identical slurry specimens were prepared and subjected to five subsequent W-D cycles. The water evaporation, surface cracks evolution and structure evolution during the W-D cycles were monitored. The effect of W-D cycles on the geometric characteristics of crack patterns was analyzed by image processing. The results show that the desiccation and cracking behaviour was significantly affected by the applied W-D cycles: the measured cracking water content θ_c, surface crack ratio R_sc and final thickness h_f of the specimen increased significantly in the first three W-D cycles and then tended to reach equilibrium; the formed crack patterns after the second W-D cycle were more irregular than that after the first W-D cycle; the increase of surface cracks was accompanied by the decrease of pore volume shrinkage during drying. In addition, it was found that the applied W-D cycles resulted in significant rearrangement of specimen structure: the initially homogeneous and non-aggregated structure was converted to a clear aggregated-structure with obvious inter-aggregate pores after the second W-D cycle; the specimen volume generally increased with increasing cycles due to the aggregation and increased porosity. The image analysis results show that the geometric characteristics of crack pattern were significantly influenced by the W-D cycles, but this influence was reduced after the third cycle. This is consistent with the observations over the experiment, and indicates that the image processing can be used for quantitatively analyzing the W-D cycle dependence of clay desiccation cracking behaviour.