HUDACAPP— 一种工艺规程自动设计系统

本文介绍浦沅工程机械总厂准柔性制造系统(P-FMS)中加工箱体零件所用的一个工艺规程自动设计系统—HUDACAPP,阐述了系统的原理、结构和实现.给出了实例.本系统能按零件输入信息自动生成工艺过程,选择机床、夹具、刀具、量具、切削参数以及计算工时,并能与P-FMS的实时管理调度软件联接,提供所需的资料.     

江苏省4类主要秸秆和畜禽粪便空间分布及综合利用潜力研究

为明晰江苏省农业废弃物资源分布格局并进行利用潜力评估,推进农业废弃物资源化利用,助力农业全面绿色转型,本研究借助GIS构建数据批处理模型,测算各区县水稻、小麦、玉米和油菜4种作物的秸秆和猪、牛、羊、家禽4种畜禽的粪便产生量,及其在肥料化、能源化方面的利用潜力理论值,并结合热点分析结果为江苏省农业废弃物综合利用提供政策建议。结果表明：2020年江苏省4种主要作物秸秆可收集总量高达3 972.00万t,以水稻和小麦秸秆为主,集中分布在江苏北部和中部。分析其肥料化利用潜力,理论上相当于1 511.89万t有机碳、12.04万t N、1.59万t P、24.49万t K,能源化理论上相当于1 617.52万t标准煤或6.5×10⁹m³沼气;江苏省4种主要畜禽粪便产生总量为4 560.77万t,家禽粪便与猪粪最多,主要分布在东部边界和西北部地区。分析其肥料化利用潜力,理论计算相当于737.00万t有机碳、31.15万t N、29.86万t P和26.89万t K,能源化利用可折算成1 036.95万t标准煤或4.9×10⁹m     

基于YOLOv5s改进模型的小白菜虫害识别方法

小白菜是中国种植面积较广、深受大众喜爱的蔬菜,但真实菜地环境中虫害往往出现在叶片的特定区域,且受环境因素如光照和背景干扰较大,影响对其的智能检测。为提高小白菜虫害的检测效率和准确率,该研究提出一种基于YOLOv5s网络框架改进的YOLOPC小白菜虫害识别模型。首先,引入CBAM（Convolutional Block Attention Module）注意力机制,将其放在CBS（卷积层Convolution+归一化层Batch normalization+激活函数层SILU）的输入端构成CBAM-CBS的结构,动态调整特征图中各个通道和空间位置的权重;使用上采样和1×1卷积操作来调整特征图的尺寸和通道数,实现不同层次特征的融合,增强模型的特征表示能力。同时,改进损失函数,使其更适合边界框回归的准确性需求;利用空洞卷积的优势提高网络的感受野范围,使模型能够更好地理解图像的上下文信息。试验结果表明,与改进前的YOLOv5s模型相比,YOLOPC模型对小白菜小菜蛾和潜叶蝇虫害检测的平均精度（mean Average Precision, mAP）达到91.40%,提高了12.9个百分点;每秒传输帧数（Frame Per Second, FPS）为58.82帧/s,增加了11.2帧/s,增加幅度达23.53个百分点;参数量仅为14.4 MB,降低了25.78个百分点。与经典的目标检测算法SSD、Faster R-CNN、YOLOv3、YOLOv7和YOLOv8相比,YOLOPC模型的平均精度分别高出20.1、24.6、14、13.4和13.3个百分点,此外,其准确率、召回率、帧速率和参数量均展现出显著优势。该模型可为复杂背景下小白菜虫害的快速准确检测提供技术支持。     

放牧区居民生活垃圾治理模式与策略研究

以内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗放牧区作为研究区域,采取实地调研、问卷调查、模型计算和实验分析的方法对其居民生活垃圾的收集、清运和处理模式进行研究.结果 显示,研究区域的放牧区生活垃圾基本形成了较为完整的清运、回收、填埋体系,依托社区为中心的生活垃圾清运模式运行效果较好,形成了依托环保志愿者-商店-回收企业的资源回收体系,处置...     

Utilization of Sake lees as Broiler Feedstuff and its Effects on Growth Performance and Intestinal Immunity

Increasing food loss and waste (FLW) is a global problem, and efforts are being made to use waste food as potential livestock feed material. The amount of self-supplied feed is lower in Japan than in other countries, and the government recommends FLW use for animal feed. Sake (Japanese rice wine) is a traditional alcoholic beverage. During the sake manufacturing process, large amounts of squeezed solids or “lees” (sake lees) are generated. Sake lees are nutritious and functional, but are prone to spoilage. In this study, we investigated whether sake lees should be mixed with animal feed immediately or after drying. To assess the usefulness of sake lees as a poultry feed ingredient and determine the effect of sake lees on intestinal immunity, we performed a feeding trial with three treatments: a raw sake lees (RSL) diet, dried sake lees (DSL) diet, and control diet. Three-week-old broilers were fed these diets (n=8 per group) for two weeks. We then calculated feed efficiency and performed RT-qPCR to assess the effects of diet on intestinal immunity. The growth performance in the RSL diet group was equivalent to that in the control diet group. The DSL diet became difficult for broilers to eat, resulting in decreased growth performance. In the ileum of RSL-diet broilers, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and avian β-defensin (AvBD)12 were significantly increased compared to those of control diet broilers (p<0.05), and a significant correlation was observed between the two genes (p<0.05). Our results indicated that sake lees should not be dried and should be mixed immediately with feed, and this sake lees when fed to chicken activates the intestinal immunity. However, sake lees have a lower fat content than corn, and it is thus important to combine sake lees with high-energy feed.     

南京板鸭生产过程中风味成分组成及其变化

按传统生产工艺生产南京板鸭,分别在原料、干腌、湿腌、排坯、风干5 d、风干10 d和风干15 d等7个工艺段随机取6只板鸭的股二头肌作为样品进行风味成分检测.结果显示:在原料、干腌、湿腌和排坯阶段的鸭肉中分别检测到33、68、18和31种风味化合物;在风干5 d、10 d和15 d的鸭肉中分别检测到43、57和54种风味化合物.这些成分可归类为:含硫类、胺类、醇类、羧酸类、烃类、酮类、酯类、醛类、醚类、含氮类和呋喃类化合物.在南京板鸭成品的风味成分中,醛类、醇类、烃类和酮类分别占化合物总数的37.78%、26.93%、18.39%和11.72%.主成分分析显示,第一主成分主要由2种醛、1种羧酸和1种醇组成,第二主成分主要由2种醛、1种酮和1种烯组成.第一和第二主成分总计解释了南京板鸭风味成分变化总方差的85.0%.     

基于声学技术的红沿河核电站附近海域夏季水母通量测量

大量水母涌入核电站取水口会对核电冷源取水安全造成严重威胁,为把握夏季红沿河核电站附近海域水母的密度和基本运动规律,分别于2017年7、8、9月在红沿河核电站附近海域使用同时搭载科学探鱼仪(120、200 kHz)和多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)的调查船,沿垂直等深线方向进行25 h、10 n mile长垂直断面往复走航水...     

农业废弃物制备生物炭方法及应用现状

农业废弃物是指在农产品生产、再生产过程中,由于资源的投入和产出的差异,导致资源利用中物质和能源的流失。农业废弃物产量日益增多,但没有得到合理利用,对环境造成污染。利用农业废弃物制备生物炭是一种有效的资源化利用方式,已成为国内外研究热点。本文主要归纳总结了农业废弃物制备生物炭的4种方法及其优缺点,并对生物炭在土壤改良、环境修复和气候变化的应用进行了分析,以期为生物炭在农业领域的应用开发提供依据。     

白菜与玫瑰秸秆不同比例混合发酵的产气性能研究

以白菜废弃物和玫瑰秸秆为原料,采用批量厌氧消化工艺,在水浴恒温35±1℃的条件下进行混合发酵,探究不同配比的白菜废弃物与玫瑰秸秆混合发酵的产气潜力和产气特性。结果表明,经过33d的发酵周期,白菜废弃物和玫瑰秸秆以质量比0:3、1:2、2:1、3:0不同配比混合发酵,对应的TS产气率分别为254mL/g、248mL/g、213mL/g和191mL/g。单一玫瑰秸秆发酵的产气潜力最优,单一的白菜废弃物发酵的产气潜力最差,添加花卉能够有效提升蔬菜废弃物的产气效果,白菜废弃物和玫瑰秸秆1:2配比下产气潜力要优于2:1配比组。     

Mechanism of Chinese processing in patients with Broca aphasia

AIM: To explore the mechanism of Chinese processing in patients with Broca aphasia so as to offering accordance for speech rehabilitation. METHODS: The test of orthographic, semantic information and phonological were conducted. The scores in each group with Chi-square test in patients were compared to those in 10 normal people. RESULTS: No significant difference between two groups in the vocabulary identification and in the vocabulary identification from homophony (P>0.05) was observed (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the identification picture from vocabularies, the identification vocabulary from pictures and the vocabulary identification from sound (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The patient with Broca aphasia is independent in the course of the orthographic input, and the ability to retrieve semantic information from orthographic activation word may not affected by phonological lexicon.